ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGE
IT IS A PORTABLE BEVERAGE WHICH CONTAINS
0.5% TO 75.5% OF CONSUMABLE ALCOHOL, VOLUME BY
VOLUME.
(0.5%-75.5% V/V) : OIML SCALE.
40% OIML Scale = 80° Sykes Scale
DESINGED BY

Sunil Kumar
Research Scholar/ Food Production Faculty
Institute of Hotel and Tourism Management,
MAHARSHI DAYANAND UNIVERSITY, ROHTAK
Haryana- 124001 INDIA Ph. No. 09996000499
email: skihm86@yahoo.com , balhara86@gmail.com
linkedin:- in.linkedin.com/in/ihmsunilkumar
facebook: www.facebook.com/ihmsunilkumar
webpage: chefsunilkumar.tripod.com
SUNIL KUMAR
Pratul Chandra Jha

WINE

WINE CAN BE DEFINED AS AN ALCOHOLIC
BEVERAGE
MADE
BY
NATURAL
FERMENTATION OF THE JUICE OF THE
FRESHLY
GATHERED
RIPE
GRAPES
ACCORDING TO LOCAL TRADITION AND
PRACTICE.
FACTORS

GRAPE VARIETIES

ENEMIES OF VINE

LABEL INFORMATION

MANUFACURING

TERMINOLOGIES

CLASSIFICATION

STORAGE OF WINE
SUNIL KUMAR
Pratul Chandra Jha

NATURAL FERMENTATION
BLOOM……
…..A WHITE POWDERY COATING
FOUND ON GRAPE SKIN, IS ACTUALLY
NATURAL YEAST.
WHEN GRAPES ARE PRESSED , JUICE
COMES OUT WITH THE BLOOM AND
FERMENTATION STARTS
AUTOMATICALLY / NATURALLY .
SUNIL KUMAR
Pratul Chandra Jha

RIPE & FRESH
RIPE
GRAPE
YEILDS
HIGH
FERMENTABLE SUGAR IN THE PRESSED
GRAPE JUICE (MUST). GRAPES FOR WINE
MANUFACTURING MUST BE RIPE .
GRAPE CONTAINS MANY USEFUL BIOCHEMICAL COMPOUNDS DEGRADABLE WITH
TIME.

THE TIME GAP BETWEEN HARVESTING AND
PRESSING SHOULD BE MINIMUM.
SUNIL KUMAR
Pratul Chandra Jha

TRADITIONS & PRACTICE
ALTHOUGH WINE IS MADE BY THE
NATURAL PROCESS, MANUFACTURING AND
PROCESSING TECHNIQUE VARY FROM PLACE TO
PLACE.
• In Portugal, some wines are made from unripe grapes

• In Germany, some wines are made from frozen grapes
• In Spain, some wines are made from dry grapes.

• In Madeira Islands, they cook their wines !!!!!
SUNIL KUMAR
Pratul Chandra Jha

GRAPES

THERE ARE MORE THAN 5000 DIFFERENT
SPECIES OF GRAPES; BUT ONLY A COUNTED
FEW ARE SUITABLE FOR WINE PRODUCTION.
VITIS VINIFERA IS THE MOST NOBLE WINE
GRAPE VARIETY.
BASED ON THE COLOUR, THERE ARE TWO TYPE
OF GRAPES : -

•

WHITE GRAPES

•

BLACK GRAPES.
SUNIL KUMAR
Pratul Chandra Jha

BLACK GRAPE VARIETIES
CABERNET SAUVIGNON
MERLOT

PINOT NOIR
NEBBIOLO
SYRAH
GAMAY
ZINFANDEL
CABERNET FRANC
PINOT MEUNIER

SUNIL KUMAR
Pratul Chandra Jha

WHITE GRAPE VARIETIES
CHARDONNAY
CHENIN BLANC
RIESLING
SEMILLON

SAUVIGNON BLANC
GEWÜRZTRAMINER
MUSCATEL
PINOT BLANC
PALOMINO
SUNIL KUMAR
Pratul Chandra Jha

FACTORS AFFECTING VINE
• Type of grape

• Aspect

• Yield per acre

• Viticulture

• Terminology

• Vinification

• Climate

• Vintage

• Bands of Latitude

• Soil Types

SUNIL KUMAR
Pratul Chandra Jha

CLASSIFICATION OF WINE
NATURE

TASTE COLOUR

YEAR

Still

Dry

White

Vintage

Sparkling

Sweet

Rosé

Non-Vintage

Fortified

Red

Aromatized

SUNIL KUMAR
Pratul Chandra Jha

LABEL INFORMATION
OPTIONAL INFORMATION.

MANDATORY INFORMATION.
•

•
•
•
•
•

NAME & ESTATE OF THE
BOTTLER/SHIPPER/MANUF
ACTURER/VINTNER/COMP
ANY.
ALCOHOL PERCENTAGE.
BOTTLE CAPACITY.
EXCISE SEAL OF THE
GOVERNING BODY
STATUTORY HEALTH
WARNING.
DATE OF BOTTLING.

•
•

•
•
•

SUNIL KUMAR

HISTORY RELATED TO
THE BEVERAGE.
AWARDS & DISTINCTION
WON BY THE VINTNER /
BOTTLER / SHIPPER /
MANUFACTURER /
COMPANY.
RECOMMENDED
CONSUMABLE TIME SPAN.
ECO-FRIENDLY, RECYCLE
LOGOS, ETC.
MISC INFO.
Pratul Chandra Jha

STORAGE OF WINES
1. WINE BOTTLES ARE LAID ON SIDE, CAUSING THE WINE
TO STAY IN CONTACT WITH THE CORK AND PREVENTS
BRITTLENESS OF CORK.
2. MUST BE STORED IN A CELLAR (DARK ROOM).
3. MUST BE STORED IN A PLACE WITHOUT VIBRATION.

4. PREFERRED RELATIVE HUMIDITY - 60%.
5. WHITE WINE , ROSÉ WINE & SPARKLING WINE TO BE
STORED AT 7 C TO 14 C.

6. RED WINE TO BE STORED AT 17 C TO 24 C.
SUNIL KUMAR
Pratul Chandra Jha

YIELD PER ACRE
HIGH YIELD :
LOW QUALITY / HIGH QUANTITY.

LOW YIELD :
HIGH QUALITY / LOW QUANTITY.

MEDIUM YIELD :
MEDIUM QUALITY / MODERATE QUANTITY.

SUNIL KUMAR
Pratul Chandra Jha

SOIL TYPES
SOIL PROVIDES NUTRITION TO THE
GRAPES AND HENCE, TYPE OF SOIL
DIRECTLY AFFECT THE WINE QUALITY.

SOME KNOWN SOIL TYPES ARE CLAY, CHALKY, LOAMY, GRAVEL, GRANI
TE, SLATE, ALLUVIAL, SAND, SANDSTONE
, LIMESTONE, QUARTZ, ETC.
SUNIL KUMAR
Pratul Chandra Jha

CLIMATE
•

MACRO & MICRO CLIMATE
DIRECTLY AFFECTS THE QUALITY OF
GRAPE & THUS THE WINE.

•

CLIMATE DICTATES THE TYPE OF
GRAPE TO BE PLANTED.

•

IT AFFECTS THE VINTAGE
PRODUCTION.
SUNIL KUMAR
BANDS OF LATITUDE
Pratul Chandra Jha
50 N
30 N
0

30 S
50 S

SUNIL KUMAR
Pratul Chandra Jha

ASPECT
SUN

N

Wind

W

E

S
Rain

No Rain

HILL
SUNIL KUMAR
Pratul Chandra Jha

VITICULTURE
VITICULTURE IS A TERM TO DESCRIBE THE ART
& SCENCE OF VINE CULTIVATION.
THE WAY, THE GRAPE IS NURTURED WILL
DETERMINE THE FINAL QUALITY OF THE WINE
PRODUCED.
EXAMPLE OF SOME NURTURING ACTIVITIES
ARE AS FOLLOWS: -

VINE
TRAINING, PRUNING, PESTICIDE, IRRIGATION,
ETC.
SUNIL KUMAR
Pratul Chandra Jha

VINTAGE
• VINTAGE MEANS “GOOD HARVEST”.

• VINTAGE IS DECLARED BY THE
WINE GOVERNING BODY OF THAT
PARTICULAR COUNTRY.
• GENERALLY, VINTAGE WINES ARE
EXPENSIVE.

SUNIL KUMAR
Pratul Chandra Jha

ENEMIES OF THE VINE
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•

PHYLLOXERA
MILDEW
NOBLE ROT
FROST
HAIL
OIDIUM
COULURE
CHLOROSIS
PYRALIS & OTHER VINE MOTHS
SUNIL KUMAR
Pratul Chandra Jha

MANUFACTURING WINE
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•

HARVESTING
DE-STALKING
PRESSING
FERMENTING
RACKING & CLARIFICATION
BOTTLING
MATURING
LABELING & SHIPPING
SUNIL KUMAR
Pratul Chandra Jha

TERMINOLOGY
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•

Chateau
Vin
Doux/Sweet
Sec/Dry
Vintage
Cremant
Viticulture
Rosé
Cask

•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•

Sommelier
Aperitif/Digestif
Bouquet
Blanc
Cellar
Oxidation
Fortification
Botanicals/Naturals
Vinification

SUNIL KUMAR

Basic of wine

  • 1.
    ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGE IT ISA PORTABLE BEVERAGE WHICH CONTAINS 0.5% TO 75.5% OF CONSUMABLE ALCOHOL, VOLUME BY VOLUME. (0.5%-75.5% V/V) : OIML SCALE. 40% OIML Scale = 80° Sykes Scale DESINGED BY Sunil Kumar Research Scholar/ Food Production Faculty Institute of Hotel and Tourism Management, MAHARSHI DAYANAND UNIVERSITY, ROHTAK Haryana- 124001 INDIA Ph. No. 09996000499 email: skihm86@yahoo.com , balhara86@gmail.com linkedin:- in.linkedin.com/in/ihmsunilkumar facebook: www.facebook.com/ihmsunilkumar webpage: chefsunilkumar.tripod.com SUNIL KUMAR
  • 2.
    Pratul Chandra Jha WINE WINECAN BE DEFINED AS AN ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGE MADE BY NATURAL FERMENTATION OF THE JUICE OF THE FRESHLY GATHERED RIPE GRAPES ACCORDING TO LOCAL TRADITION AND PRACTICE. FACTORS GRAPE VARIETIES ENEMIES OF VINE LABEL INFORMATION MANUFACURING TERMINOLOGIES CLASSIFICATION STORAGE OF WINE SUNIL KUMAR
  • 3.
    Pratul Chandra Jha NATURALFERMENTATION BLOOM…… …..A WHITE POWDERY COATING FOUND ON GRAPE SKIN, IS ACTUALLY NATURAL YEAST. WHEN GRAPES ARE PRESSED , JUICE COMES OUT WITH THE BLOOM AND FERMENTATION STARTS AUTOMATICALLY / NATURALLY . SUNIL KUMAR
  • 4.
    Pratul Chandra Jha RIPE& FRESH RIPE GRAPE YEILDS HIGH FERMENTABLE SUGAR IN THE PRESSED GRAPE JUICE (MUST). GRAPES FOR WINE MANUFACTURING MUST BE RIPE . GRAPE CONTAINS MANY USEFUL BIOCHEMICAL COMPOUNDS DEGRADABLE WITH TIME. THE TIME GAP BETWEEN HARVESTING AND PRESSING SHOULD BE MINIMUM. SUNIL KUMAR
  • 5.
    Pratul Chandra Jha TRADITIONS& PRACTICE ALTHOUGH WINE IS MADE BY THE NATURAL PROCESS, MANUFACTURING AND PROCESSING TECHNIQUE VARY FROM PLACE TO PLACE. • In Portugal, some wines are made from unripe grapes • In Germany, some wines are made from frozen grapes • In Spain, some wines are made from dry grapes. • In Madeira Islands, they cook their wines !!!!! SUNIL KUMAR
  • 6.
    Pratul Chandra Jha GRAPES THEREARE MORE THAN 5000 DIFFERENT SPECIES OF GRAPES; BUT ONLY A COUNTED FEW ARE SUITABLE FOR WINE PRODUCTION. VITIS VINIFERA IS THE MOST NOBLE WINE GRAPE VARIETY. BASED ON THE COLOUR, THERE ARE TWO TYPE OF GRAPES : - • WHITE GRAPES • BLACK GRAPES. SUNIL KUMAR
  • 7.
    Pratul Chandra Jha BLACKGRAPE VARIETIES CABERNET SAUVIGNON MERLOT PINOT NOIR NEBBIOLO SYRAH GAMAY ZINFANDEL CABERNET FRANC PINOT MEUNIER SUNIL KUMAR
  • 8.
    Pratul Chandra Jha WHITEGRAPE VARIETIES CHARDONNAY CHENIN BLANC RIESLING SEMILLON SAUVIGNON BLANC GEWÜRZTRAMINER MUSCATEL PINOT BLANC PALOMINO SUNIL KUMAR
  • 9.
    Pratul Chandra Jha FACTORSAFFECTING VINE • Type of grape • Aspect • Yield per acre • Viticulture • Terminology • Vinification • Climate • Vintage • Bands of Latitude • Soil Types SUNIL KUMAR
  • 10.
    Pratul Chandra Jha CLASSIFICATIONOF WINE NATURE TASTE COLOUR YEAR Still Dry White Vintage Sparkling Sweet Rosé Non-Vintage Fortified Red Aromatized SUNIL KUMAR
  • 11.
    Pratul Chandra Jha LABELINFORMATION OPTIONAL INFORMATION. MANDATORY INFORMATION. • • • • • • NAME & ESTATE OF THE BOTTLER/SHIPPER/MANUF ACTURER/VINTNER/COMP ANY. ALCOHOL PERCENTAGE. BOTTLE CAPACITY. EXCISE SEAL OF THE GOVERNING BODY STATUTORY HEALTH WARNING. DATE OF BOTTLING. • • • • • SUNIL KUMAR HISTORY RELATED TO THE BEVERAGE. AWARDS & DISTINCTION WON BY THE VINTNER / BOTTLER / SHIPPER / MANUFACTURER / COMPANY. RECOMMENDED CONSUMABLE TIME SPAN. ECO-FRIENDLY, RECYCLE LOGOS, ETC. MISC INFO.
  • 12.
    Pratul Chandra Jha STORAGEOF WINES 1. WINE BOTTLES ARE LAID ON SIDE, CAUSING THE WINE TO STAY IN CONTACT WITH THE CORK AND PREVENTS BRITTLENESS OF CORK. 2. MUST BE STORED IN A CELLAR (DARK ROOM). 3. MUST BE STORED IN A PLACE WITHOUT VIBRATION. 4. PREFERRED RELATIVE HUMIDITY - 60%. 5. WHITE WINE , ROSÉ WINE & SPARKLING WINE TO BE STORED AT 7 C TO 14 C. 6. RED WINE TO BE STORED AT 17 C TO 24 C. SUNIL KUMAR
  • 13.
    Pratul Chandra Jha YIELDPER ACRE HIGH YIELD : LOW QUALITY / HIGH QUANTITY. LOW YIELD : HIGH QUALITY / LOW QUANTITY. MEDIUM YIELD : MEDIUM QUALITY / MODERATE QUANTITY. SUNIL KUMAR
  • 14.
    Pratul Chandra Jha SOILTYPES SOIL PROVIDES NUTRITION TO THE GRAPES AND HENCE, TYPE OF SOIL DIRECTLY AFFECT THE WINE QUALITY. SOME KNOWN SOIL TYPES ARE CLAY, CHALKY, LOAMY, GRAVEL, GRANI TE, SLATE, ALLUVIAL, SAND, SANDSTONE , LIMESTONE, QUARTZ, ETC. SUNIL KUMAR
  • 15.
    Pratul Chandra Jha CLIMATE • MACRO& MICRO CLIMATE DIRECTLY AFFECTS THE QUALITY OF GRAPE & THUS THE WINE. • CLIMATE DICTATES THE TYPE OF GRAPE TO BE PLANTED. • IT AFFECTS THE VINTAGE PRODUCTION. SUNIL KUMAR
  • 16.
    BANDS OF LATITUDE PratulChandra Jha 50 N 30 N 0 30 S 50 S SUNIL KUMAR
  • 17.
  • 18.
    Pratul Chandra Jha VITICULTURE VITICULTUREIS A TERM TO DESCRIBE THE ART & SCENCE OF VINE CULTIVATION. THE WAY, THE GRAPE IS NURTURED WILL DETERMINE THE FINAL QUALITY OF THE WINE PRODUCED. EXAMPLE OF SOME NURTURING ACTIVITIES ARE AS FOLLOWS: - VINE TRAINING, PRUNING, PESTICIDE, IRRIGATION, ETC. SUNIL KUMAR
  • 19.
    Pratul Chandra Jha VINTAGE •VINTAGE MEANS “GOOD HARVEST”. • VINTAGE IS DECLARED BY THE WINE GOVERNING BODY OF THAT PARTICULAR COUNTRY. • GENERALLY, VINTAGE WINES ARE EXPENSIVE. SUNIL KUMAR
  • 20.
    Pratul Chandra Jha ENEMIESOF THE VINE • • • • • • • • • PHYLLOXERA MILDEW NOBLE ROT FROST HAIL OIDIUM COULURE CHLOROSIS PYRALIS & OTHER VINE MOTHS SUNIL KUMAR
  • 21.
    Pratul Chandra Jha MANUFACTURINGWINE • • • • • • • • HARVESTING DE-STALKING PRESSING FERMENTING RACKING & CLARIFICATION BOTTLING MATURING LABELING & SHIPPING SUNIL KUMAR
  • 22.