Fundamentals of Nursing

1. Basic Human
Needs

2. Contents
• What are Basic Human Needs?
• Human Need Theories
- Maslow’s Hierarchy of Basic Human Needs
- Virginia Henderson's Need Theory
• Summary
• Q & A

3. Basic Human Needs

4. Basic Needs
• Fundamental (essential) requirement
for survival
• Category :
– Physical
–Emotional needs
–Social needs

5. • To protect the health, these basic
needs should be satisfied
• As a practical nurse….,
–Should understand basic human needs.
–Nursing care should be accordingly

6. Human Needs Theories

7. Maslow’s Hierarchy of Basic
Human Needs
• American psychologist (1970)
• Human needs are ranked an
ascending scale
• According to how essential for survival
• Five levels in ascending order (more
basic needs at the bottom)

8. Self
Actualization
Self- esteem
Love & Affection
Safety & Security
Physiological needs
1
2
3
4
5

9. Physiological Needs
• Oxygen
• Food
• Water
• Elimination
• Clothing & shelter
• Sex
• Physical exercise
• Rest

10. Safety & Security
• Security of body
• The family employment
• Health
• Property
• Psychological condition

11. Love & Belonging
• Giving and receiving attention from the family
,friends & society

12. Self – esteem Need
• Confidence
• Achievement
• Appreciation
• Respect to others & respect by
others

13. Self Actualization
• Creativity
• Problem solving
• Lack of prejudice

14. • Level 1 & 2 – Low level needs
• Level 3, 4, & 5 – High level needs
• Level 1, 2, 3,& 4 – Deficiency needs

15. Virginia Henderson's Need Theory
• Born in Kansas City, Missouri, USA in
1897.
• Nursing theorist
• Died: March 19, 1996.

16. The 14 components human needs
1. Breathe normally.
2. Eat and drink adequately.
3. Eliminate body wastes.
4. Move and maintain desirable postures.
5. Sleep and rest.
6. Select suitable clothes-dress and
undress.

17. Continu…..
7. Maintain body temperature within
normal range by adjusting clothing and
modifying environment
8. Keep the body clean and well
groomed and protect the integument
9. Avoid dangers in the environment and
avoid injuring others.
10. Communicate with others in
expressing emotions, needs, fears, or
opinions.

18. Continue…..
11. Worship according to one’s faith.
12. Work in such a way that there is a
sense of accomplishment.
13. Play or participate in various forms of
recreation.
14. Learn, discover, or satisfy the curiosity
that leads to normal development and
health and use the available health
facilities.

19. • The first 9 components are physiological.
• The 10th and 14th are psychological aspects of
communicating and learning

20. • The 11th component is spiritual and moral
• The 12th and 13th components are
sociologically oriented to occupation and
recreation

21. SUMMARY

22. Q & A

23. THANK YOU