Basic human need

1. Which are elements
that are necessary
for Human Survival
and Health?

2. Basic Human Need

3. CONTAIN
Basic Human Need
 Terminology
 Introduction
 Nine Basic Human Needs
 Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
 Characteristics of Basic Needs
 Schematic Representation Of Maslow’s Hierarchy Of
Need
 Five Basic Needs
Summary

4.  Terminology
1.Physiological needs:-It means bodily needs which
includes oxygen, water, food, temperature,
elimination, sexuality, rest, etc.
2.Hierarchy:-An organization that classifies people or
things in order of rank or importance.
3.Self-Esteem:-One’s good opinion of oneself or self
respect.
4.Self-Actualization:-It is the need for self fulfilment,
the sense that one is becoming everything that he is
capable of being.

5. BASIC HUMAN NEED
Introduction:-
Abraham Maslow developed a
hierarchy of basic human needs
(1968). Maslow’s hierarchy of needs is
a model that nurses use to understand
the interrelationships of basic human
needs.

6. Nine Human Basic Needs
Security
Adventure
Freedom
Exchange
Power
Expansion
Acceptance
Community
Expression

7. 1. Security
Security is the need to feel
safe, to feel assured that
they know what is going to
happen, to know ahead of
time what the plans are.
What constitutes security
can be different for
different people.

8. 2. Adventure
 Adventure is the need
for an rush, to have
new experiences, to
travel, to have BIG
experiences, to have
drama in their life, to
have a sense of
anticipation about
upcoming events.

9. 3. Freedom
 Freedom is the need for
independence and spontaneity.
It is also the need to have
choices and to feel in control of
making those choices.
What constitutes freedom for
one person may be very
different from another’s need
and perception of freedom.

10. 4. Exchange
Exchange is the need to trade
information and knowledge with
others, not just to mingle or socialize,
but to deliver and receive something of
value.
That something of value may be
information, conversation,
communication, energy, friendship,
services, money, gifts, love, justice,
shared experiences.

11. 5. Power
People with a need for power
need to be in a position of
authority and responsibility.
They need to explore power,
leadership and accomplishment
to be good organizers and
accept responsibility, setting an
example of leadership.

12. 6. Expansion
Expansion is the need
to build something, to
create an empire, to go
where no one has gone
before.

13. 7. Acceptance
Acceptance is the need
to accept yourself and
be accepted by others.
This includes a feeling
of belonging.
People with a need for
acceptance are usually
very easy-going and
pleasant to have in a
group.

14. 8. Community
People with a need for
community like having people
around them.
They are highly social and will
express their enjoyment of
gatherings.
They will seek out people and are
able to maintain large numbers
of relationships.

15. 9. Expression
Expression is the need
to be artistic, to be
seen, to be heard, to be
felt.
It is the need to express
oneself through words,
speech, actions, dress,
art and self-creations of
all types.

16. Maslow’s Hierarchy of needs
According to this model, certain human needs are
more basic than others, i.e., some needs must be
met before the needs of love and belonging. Self
actualization is the highest expression of one’s
individual potential and allows for continual
discovery of self. Maslow’s hierarchy is useful for
understanding the relationships of basic human
needs and for establishing priorities of care.
Maslow’s model takes into account individual
experiences, always unique to the individual.

17. Its absence results in illness.
Its presence helps prevent illness
or signal health.
Meeting it restores health.
It is preferred over other
satisfactions when unmet.
Characteristics of basic needs

18.  Maslow arranged the hierarchy to show that certain needs
are more basic than others. Although all people have all
the needs all the time, people generally strive to meet
certain of the needs before attending to other needs.
 According to Maslow, the 5 levels of motives from bottom
to the top of the hierarchy are :-
1. Physiological need
2. Safety and security needs
3. Need for love and belongingness
4. Self-esteem needs
5. Self actualization

19.  SCHEMATIC REPRESENTATION OF
MASLOW’S HIERRACHY OF NEED

20. 1.
PHYSIOLOGICAL
NEEDS:-
• Oxygen
• Water
• Food
• Temperature
• Elimination
• Sexuality
• Physical Activity
• Rest.

21. Oxygen
Oxygen is most essential of all needs
because all body cells require oxygen for
survival.
Oxygenation of body cells is carried out
primarily by the respiratory and
cardiovascular system and any alteration
in the structure or function can result in
an increased need for oxygen.

22.  Water
A balance between the intake and
elimination of fluids is essential to life.
Healthy people drink fluids to satisfy
thirst, and maintain fluid balance
through various physiologic processes.
 Either dehydration or edema
evidences changes in the water
balance of the body.

23. Food
Food is a physiologic need, with
balance maintained through digestive
and metabolic processes.
The need for food is manifested
through hunger.
Insufficient nutrient intake results
in electrolyte imbalance and weight
loss.

24. Elimination
A component of the digestive
processes that is also a
physiologic need is elimination.
Waste products are eliminated
from the body through the skin,
lungs, kidneys and intestines.

25. Temperature
The human body functions best
within a narrow range of
temperature, usually considered as
plus or minus 98.6 F.
Homeostatic mechanisms and
adaptive responses such as
shivering, maintain this
temperature.

26.  Sexuality
Sexuality is an integral component of
each individual and may be affected
by physical and emotional illnesses.
Sexual practices are dependent on a
variety of factors, such as person’s age
socio-cultural background, self –
esteem, and level of health.

27. Physical Activity & Rest
Physical activity and rest are also
basic physiologic needs. Physical
activity can be accomplished with
intact and functioning neuromuscular
and skeletal systems.
Rest and sleep allow time for the body
to renovate and be free of stress.

28. 2. SAFETY
AND
SECURITY
NEEDS
Security of:
body,
mortality,
family,
property,
health

29. 2. SAFETY AND SECURITY NEEDS:-
The needs which are included
in this level are the need for
structure, stability, law and
order and freedom from such
threatening forces as illness
and fear.
Safety needs are of greater
importance in childhood.

30. Physical safety and
security means being
protected from potential or
actual harm.
Emotional safety and
security involves trusting
others and being free of
fear, anxiety.

31. 3. NEED
FOR LOVE
AND
BELONGIN
GNES
Friendship,
Family,
Social
interaction,
Affection

32. 3. NEED FOR LOVE AND
BELONGINGNESS:-
The secure individual will be able to
reach out for friends, joint with a
group, and ultimately take on the
responsibilities in marriage of being
both a spouse and a parent.

33. All humans have a basic need for love and
belonging. After physiologic and safety and
security needs, this is the next priority and is
often called a higher level need. Love and
belonging needs include the understanding
and acceptance of others in both giving and
receiving love and the feeling of belonging to
families, peers, friends, a neighbourhood and
a community.

34. 4. SELF-
ESTEEM
NEEDS:-
Confidence,
Respect to
others and
Respect to
self

35. 4.SELF- ESTEEM NEEDS:-
Once people find themselves
loved and loving members of an
accepting circle, they then need to
think highly of themselves and to
have others think highly of them.
They want self-respect, respect
from others, confidence and
admiration of others.

36. Maslow divided these needs into 2
types:-Self respect and respect from
others.
Self respect includes a person’s desire
for competence, confidence,
achievement and independence.
Respect from others includes his
desire for achievements, reputation,
status, respect, appreciation, and
acceptance from others.

37.  Factors affecting self esteem:
Many factors affect self-esteem. When a
person’s role changes, self-esteem can
be seriously altered because the
person’s responsibilities and
relationships have also changed.
Other changes that may affect self-
esteem include a change in body image,
such as the loss of a breast, an injury, or
a growth speedy during puberty.

38. 5. SELF-
ACTUALI
ZATION
Passion,
Creativity,
Morality,
Problem
Solving

39. 5. SELF- ACTUALIZATION:-
According to Maslow, Self-
actualization is the highest human
motive. It is the need for self-
fulfilment, the sense that one is
becoming everything that he is
capable of being. The person who has
achieved this highest level presses
towards the full use of his talents,
capacities and potentialities.

40. In short, the self-actualized person is
someone who has reached the pick of his
potential.
The highest level on the hierarchy of needs
is self-actualization needs, which include the
need for individuals to reach their full
potential through development of their
unique capabilities.
In general, each lower level of need must be
met to some degree before this need can be
satisfied. The process of self-actualization is
one that continues throughout life.

41. Maslow lists the following qualities that indicates
achievement of one’s potential:-
1. Acceptance of self and others as they are.
2. Focus of interest on problems outside oneself.
3. Ability to be objective.
4. Feelings of happiness and affection for others.
5. Respect for all people.
6. Ability to discriminate between good and evil.

42. Summary
Terminology
 Introduction
 Nine Basic Human Needs
 Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
 Characteristics of Basic Needs
 Schematic Representation Of Maslow’s
Hierarchy Of Need
 Five Basic Needs