Maslow's hierarchy of needs is a theory that proposes humans have five levels of needs: physiological, safety, love and belonging, self-esteem, and self-actualization. The document discusses each level of needs in Maslow's hierarchy and how meeting unmet needs can help restore health. It defines the levels and provides examples of basic human needs like oxygen, food, sleep, and relationships. The document is about applying Maslow's theory to understand basic human needs.

1. Foundation of Nursing
(NUR 101)
Irbid National University-
Faculty of Nursing
Chapter 5: Basic Human Needs

2. Objective:
• Define the Maslow’s hierarchy of needs.
• Identify theoretical frameworks used in basic
needs.
• Differentiate the levels of human needs.
• Classify the basic needs from absence in illness.
• Discuss the basic needs if meeting an unmet
need restores health.
• Recognize the meeting an unmet need restores
health.

3. • Maslow's Hierarchyof Needs
• Basic Human Physiologic Needs
• Oxygenation
• Nutrition
• Hygiene
• Activity and Exercises
• Mobility and Immobility
• Transferring, Moving, and Positioning Patients
•
• Urinary Elimination
• Bowel Elimination
• Promoting Sleep and Rest
• Sleep Cycle and Disorder
• NursingManagementof Sleep
problems

4. • Maslow's hierarchy of needs is a
theory in psychology proposedby
Abraham Maslowin his 1943
paper "A Theory of
Human Motivation" in Psychological
Review.
• Maslow's hierarchyof needs is
often portrayed in the shape of a
pyramid with the largest, most
fundamental levels of needs at the
bottom and the need for self-
actualization at the top.
• While the pyramid has become the
de facto way to represent the
hierarchy, Maslowhimself never
used a pyramid to describe these
levels in any of his writings on the
subject.

5. Maslow's Hierarchyof
Needs

6. • Maslow’shierarchy of needs clustersdata pertaining to the
following:
• Physiologicalneeds. Needs such as air, food, water, shelter,
rest, sleep, activity,and temperaturemaintenance are crucial
for survival.
• Safetyand security needs. The need for safety has both
physicaland psychological aspects. The person needs to feel
safe, both in the physicalenvironment and in relationships.
• Love and belonging needs. The third level of needs includes
giving and receiving affection,attaining a place in a group,
and maintaining the feeling of belonging.
• Self-esteemneeds. The individualneeds both self-esteem
(i.e., feelings of independence,competence, and self-respect)
and esteem from others (i.e., recognition,respect, and
appreciation).
• Self-actualization. When the need for self-esteem is
satisfied, the individual strives for self-actualization, the
innate need to develop one’s maximum potential and
realize one’s abilities and qualities.

7. Physiologicalneeds
• Physiologicalneeds are the physicalrequirementsfor human
survival.
• The physicalneeds inherent in all human beings: among
them are the needs for oxygen,food, fluids,sleep and
procreation to assure the continuation of human existence.
• If these requirements are not met, the human body cannot
function properly and will ultimately fail.
• Physiologicalneeds are thought to be the most important;they
shouldbe met first.

8. Safetyneeds
• The need for safety is subordinate only to basic physiological
needs. Safety is both physiologicaland psychological.
• Once a person's physiological needs are relatively satisfied,
their safety needs take precedence and dominate behavior.
• We need not only a safe physicalenvironment,a shelter but also
the feeling of psychological safety.
• Nurse have the primary responsibility of ensuring the safety of
clients.
• Tofeel safe we need regular contactwith people we trust and feel
close to.

9. • The security we gain from love and belongingenhances the
feeling of safety.
• After physiologicaland safety needs are fulfilled, the third level
of humanneeds is interpersonaland involvesfeelings of
belongingness.
• Our feeling of structure and security is reinforced when we know
where we stand in relation to others, and who we are to them.
• We all need mutually meaningful relationships with other people.
• This need is especially strong in childhood and can override the
need for safetyas witnessed in children who cling to abusive
parents.

10. Self -Esteem
• All humanshave a need to feel respected; this includes the
need to haveself-esteem and self-respect.
• Self – esteem is derived largely from the feeling that we are
valued by those around us.
• We feel good about ourselveswhen the people who are
importantto us expressacceptance and approval.
• Self – esteem comes from within; it is related to the assessments
of our own adequacy,our performance and our capacity in the
various arenas of lives, both personaland professionaland that
others hold one in high regard.

11. Self -Actualization
• The need to reach one’s potential through development of
one’s unique capabilities. "What a man can be, he must be.”
• In general,each lower level of need must be met to some
degree before this need can be satisfied.
• The processof self – actualization is on that continues
throughoutlife. The following are qualitiesthat indicate
achievement of one’s potential:
• Acceptance of self and others as • Respect for all persons
they are • Ability to discriminatebetween
• Focus of intereston problems good and evil
outside of self • Creativity as a guideline for
• Ability to be objective solving problems and carrying
• Feelings of happiness and out interests
affectionfor others

12. •Kozier Fundamentals of Nursing, 10th edition. Prentice
Hall.
•https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abraham_Maslow
•https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maslow's_hierarchy_of_
needs
•For images taken from https://www.google.com.sa