nuring

2. Objectives:
At the end of the lecture each student should
be able to:
 Define the word (need)
 Define hierarchy
 Describe the meaning of meeting a need
 Identify Maslow’s hierarch of needs
 Discuss each type of needs and the nursing
role to meet those needs

3. Introduction
 From the moment of birth to the moment of
death, every human being has needs. Needs
motivate the individual to behave or act so that
these needs will be met, if at all possible.

4. Introduction
 Since human beings are not merely physiological
creatures, basic needs occur in the emotional,
socio cultural, intellectual, and spiritual realms as
well as the physiological realm. The entire
person (body, mind, and spirit) is influenced
by satisfaction of needs.
 Certain needs have priority over other needs.
For example, at times a need for food may take
priority over a need for social approval , or the
approval of others.

5. Definition of needs
 a lack of something required or desired.
 is anything that is absolutely essential for
one’s existence.
 Basic human needs (also known as universal
needs) are those that are necessary for every
person’s survival.
*Needs motivate us to act!

6. Basic human needs necessary for
every person’s survival.
Need Example
Need
Oxygen, water, food, temperature (shelter
and clothing), elimination, sleep, activity and sex
Physiological
Self-esteem, feelings of security, happiness,
sadness
Psychological
Feelings of belonging, relationships
Sociocultural
Thinking, learning
Intellectual
Being connected to others, having a sense of
purpose
Spiritual

7. Meeting a need
 When needs are felt,
 individuals are motivated (stimulated) to act.
 If the action is successful and the need is met,
satisfaction, or a feeling of pleasure or fulfillment,
occurs.
 If the need is not met, tension, or frustration, an
uncomfortable inner sensation or feeling, occurs.

8.  Several needs can be felt at the same time, so,
the individuals must decide which needs are
stronger.
For example, if individuals need both food and
sleep, they must decide which need is most
important, because an individual cannot eat and
sleep at the same time.
 Individuals feel needs at different levels of
intensity.
 The more intense a need, the greater the
desire to meet or reduce the need.

9. Maslow’s Hierarchy of
Human Needs
model of health
promotion
1954

10. Abraham Maslow
developed a theory of
behavioral motivation
based on needs. This
theory is often referred
to as Maslow’s
Hierarchy of Needs.

12. Abraham Maslow identified 5 basic human needs…needs that every
human being must have met in order to survive. A “heirarchy” simply
means that some needs are more important than others.
In order to teach others which
needs were more important than
others, Maslow illustrated his
theory with a pyramid.
He used a pyramid instead of a
graph or a circle, because when
you construct a pyramid the
bottom layers are more
important than the top.

13. Maslow defined a Hierarchy of
Human Needs that stated the
lower needs must be met before
an individual can strive to meet
the higher needs.

14. Maslow’s Theory
Maslow’s theory maintains that a person does
not feel a higher need until the needs of the
current level have been satisfied. Maslow's basic
needs are as follows:

15. Can you think of examples?
Let’s suppose you are very hungry, but you have no
money. What decision would you make if you walked
into a grocery store?...or sat beside someone in the
school lunchroom with a full tray of food?...or saw the
workers from a fast food restaurant put food in a
dumpster?
Your needs MUST be met, at least to some
extent, or you will die. Therefore, you will make
decisions in your life that will enable you to
satisfy those needs. That is because you are a
human being, and we are born with the instinct
to survive.

16. Many programs use Maslow’s
Hierarchy of Needs as a basic for
planning the care of clients. This
ensures that basic physiological needs
as well as the other needs are assessed
and addressed in individualized care
plans.

17. There are five levels in this hierarchy
 The basic physiological needs must be met to
maintain life.
The rest of the needs are related to quality of life.
 They are safety and security, love and belonging,
self-esteem, and self-actualization.
The needs of the lower levels must be met before a
person is motivated to meet the needs of the next
higher level.

18. Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
PHYSIOLOGICAL OR SURVIVAL NEEDS
MOST NEEDS HAVE TO DO WITH
SURVIVAL PHYSICALLY AND
PSYCHOLOGICALLY

19. Physiological Needs
 Food
 Air
 Water
 Clothing
 Sex
 Elimination
 Rest and sleep
Physiological needs

20. • Physiological needs if not met, the
human body cannot function
properly, and will ultimately fail.
• Physiological needs are thought to be
the most important; they should be
met first.

21. Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
PHYSIOLOGICAL OR SURVIVAL NEEDS
SAFETY NEEDS
On the whole an individual
Cannot satisfy any level
Unless needs below are
Satisfied

22. The next level, safety, encompasses the needs for
shelter, stability, security, physical safety, and
freedom from undue anxiety.
Safety needs include both physical and
emotional aspects. Illness is often a threat to safety
because the stability of life is disrupted.

23. Safety Needs

Protection

Stability

Pain Avoidance

Routine/Order
Safety and Security

24. Safety and Security needs include:
 Personal security
 Financial security
 Health and well-being
 Safety net against accidents/illness and their
adverse impacts
 Shelter
the absence of physical safety – due to war,
natural disaster, family violence
, childhood abuse.

25. Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
PHYSIOLOGICAL OR SURVIVAL NEEDS
SAFETY NEEDS
love, affection, and
belongingness needs

26. Love and belonging, incorporates not only giving
but also receiving affection. Having friends and
participating with others in groups and
organizations are two ways to meet these needs.
Meeting these needs is extremely important for
mental health.

27. Social Needs
love and belonging
 Affection
 Acceptance
 Inclusion
Love and Belonging

28. Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
PHYSIOLOGICAL OR SURVIVAL NEEDS
SAFETY NEEDS
LOVE, AFFECTION, AND
BELONGINGNESS NEEDS
ESTEEM NEEDS

29. Esteem
 All humans have a need to feel respected; this includes
the need to have self-esteem and self-respect.
Esteem presents the typical human desire to be accepted
and valued by others.
 People often engage in a profession or hobby to gain
recognition.
 These activities give the person a sense of contribution
or value.
Low self-esteem or an inferiority complex may result
from imbalances during this level in the hierarchy.

30. Esteem Needs  Self-Respect
 Self-Esteem
 Self- worth
 Respected by Others
Esteem

31. .
Maslow states that the "hierarchies are
interrelated rather than sharply separated".
This means that esteem and the
subsequent levels are not strictly separated;
instead, the levels are closely related

32. Self-actualization is indeed a superior and worthy
goal of development and should not be cast aside in
favor of the shiny new need, but self-transcendence is
truly the “next level” of development; it is other-
focused instead of self-focused and concerns higher
goals than those which are self-serving

33. Reed (1991) defines self-transcendence
as “expansion of self-conceptual boundaries
multidimensionally: inwardly (e.g., through
introspective experiences), outwardly (e.g., by
reaching out to others), and temporally (whereby
past and future are integrated into the present).”
She later added another type of expansion:
transpersonal expansion, in which the individual
connects “with dimensions beyond the typically
discernible world”

34. Self-Transcendence in Nursing
Self-transcendence is a particularly important topic
in nursing.
Nursing is one of the few occupations that
demands two simultaneous perspectives: a close,
detail-oriented perspective on the here and now,
and a broader, more holistic and optimistic
perspective.
.

35. A unique context for self-transcendence, in
that it is something that is possible,
desirable, and achievable in a team context
for both the patient and the nurse. It can
act as both encouragement and inspiration
for the patient to achieve wellness, and as
motivation and purpose for the nurse is
acting as a cargiver

36. Application of this model with the
patient

37. Ways to assist Residents with
Physical Needs
 Food
 making meal time as
pleasant as possible
 assist resident to eat,
feed resident when
possible
 prepare foods such
as cutting meats,
opening cartons
 Oxygen/Air
 position in bed and
chairs to allow lung
expansion
 assist to ambulate
 assist nurse with
oxygen therapy.

38. Meeting Resident Physical needs
 Water:
 Offer fluids
frequently
 keep water containers
within reach
 Keep water fresh,
other liquids at
correct temperatures.
 Elimination:
 Assist resident in
toileting needs
 provide privacy
 be matter of fact in
response to
incontinent
residents

39. Meeting Physical Needs
 Rest:
 Assist in preparation for
sleep
 recognize changes in
patterns for sleep
 Activity and Exercise
 Encourage ROM in
ADL’s
 ambulate, transfer and
move properly
 Encourage activity
 Stimulation
 Encourage resident to
participate in activities
 Encourage residents to
talk and listen carefully
 Do not isolate resident.
Place in area where
they can observe
activity.

40. Ways to Assist Resident with Safety
and Security Needs
 Safety
 Keep area safe and free
of hazards
 Show residents how to
do activities safely
 keep call light within
reach
 know how to do tasks
 be alert to safety. Use
brakes ‫فرامل‬
 Security
 respect residents
belongings
 orient resident to new
surroundings
 reassure resident
 welcome family and
friends
 provide privacy, knock
on doors

41. Ways to Assist Love and Belonging
Needs
 Caring about someone
 listen to resident, encourage talk of past
 show interest in residents family
 encourage contact with other residents
 read social histories in resident charts
 some residents may have significant others who
are not family members
 take time with resident, pay attention

42. Love and Belonging Needs
 Being cared about
 Show interest in resident
 touch residents in a kind and gentle manner
 be kind and friendly to visitors
 inform family and residents of activities offered
 be patient and understanding
 treat residents as you would like to be treated

43. Ways to Meet Self Esteem Needs
 Sense of Identity
 call resident by preferred name
 include resident and family in discussions
concerning resident care
 give and respect choices made by
residents
 respect differences in culture, heredity,
interests and values

44. Meeting Self- Esteem Needs
 Feeling Important, worthwhile
 praise accomplishments of residents
 acknowledge residents at all times
 respect resident property ‫خصوصيه‬
 talk to resident as an adult
 encourage resident to do as much as able for
themselves
 Give residents simple responsibilities and
tasks to feel important

45. Meeting Self- Actualization Needs
 The extra’s in life
 encourage hobbies
 praise accomplishments and strengths
 Spirituality
 respect religious beliefs
 provide privacy for clergy visit.
 Handle with care religious symbols
 refer clergy requests to Nurse in Charge

46. How to Achieve Self-Transcendence
1-Discover what puts you into quiet and peaceful state
2-Practice meditation whether through the
stereotypical sitting on a cushion with crossed legs
or through mindful activities (mindful listening,
mindful walking, mindful eating, etc.).
3-Writing about stressful and traumatic events can
significantly benefit our physical and emotional
health.
4-Practice excellence—in whatever you do, wherever
you go, whoever you’re within your day-to-day life.
4-Make time to get creative

47. Make sure you have the following information in your notes, so you will be
prepared for a test:
1. Abraham Maslow was a psychologist.
2. Abraham Maslow identified 5 basic human needs and illustrated them
in a pyramid.
3. The pyramid shows the “heirarchy” of needs…the order of their
importance.
4. The 5 basic human needs are: physical, safety, social or love, esteem,
and self-actualization.
5. Human beings are born with an instinct to survive.
6. Human needs influence decision-making.
7. Make sure you are able to place the needs on the pyramid correctly.
8. Make sure you understand how to make a decision, based on Maslow’s
pyramid.

48. Question1
Which of the following is the highest level of
Maslow hierarchy of human needs?
a. Physiological needs
b. Safety and security
c. Love and belonging
d. Self-actualization

49. Question 2
Which one is the most essential need in the
physiological needs of Maslow?
a. Food
b. Oxygen
c. Elimination
d. Water

50. Question 3
Practicing careful hand hygiene and using sterile
techniques are ways to meet which basic human
need?
a. Physiologic
b. Safety and security
c. Self-esteem
d. Love and belonging