Recommended
More Related Content
Similar to INFECTION PREVENTION STRATEGIES IN HOSPITALS.pptx
Similar to INFECTION PREVENTION STRATEGIES IN HOSPITALS.pptx (20)
More from sandhyajayathunga2
More from sandhyajayathunga2 (13)
Recently uploaded
Recently uploaded (20)
INFECTION PREVENTION STRATEGIES IN HOSPITALS.pptx
- 1. 1
- 3. 3 Hand Hygiene Washing hands with soap and water Hand rubbing with alcohol- based handrub When with visible particles
- 4. 4
- 5. 5
- 6. 6
- 7. Hand Washing Types 7 1). Medical Hand Wash 2). Surgical Hand Wash
- 8. “ WHY Do We Promote Hand Washing? 8
- 9. “ What is an Infection ? 9
- 10. 10
- 11. Hospital Infection Prevention and Control Strategies
- 12. Careful plans or methods (Strategies)
- 13. Contents ▸ Introduction to Topic ▸ Hand Hygiene ▸ Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) ▸ Injection Safety ▸ Safe Management of Waste 13
- 14. Contents ▸ Environmental Cleaning and Disinfection ▸ Prevention of Surgical Site Infections (SSI) ▸ Prevention of Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs) ▸ Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene (WASH) ▸ Q and A 14
- 16. The Primary Purpose of PPE 16 • To minimize the exposure of individuals to various hazards - Physical hazards - Biological hazards - Chemical hazards - Radiological agents. (By creating a barrier between the wearer and the hazardous elements) • Helps reduce the risk of injury, illness, or infection.
- 17. Protective Clothing 17 • Coveralls • Gowns • Aprons, or lab coats ( To shield the body from chemical splashes, contaminants, or physical hazards.)
- 18. Coveralls 18
- 19. Gowns 19
- 20. Aprons, or lab coats 20
- 21. Gloves ▸ To protect hands from chemicals, pathogens, sharp objects, or extreme temperatures. ▸ Different types of gloves are used depending on the specific hazards and tasks involved. ▸ For example Clean glows, Surgical glows 21
- 22. Sterile/Surgical or Non-sterile/Clean Glows 22
- 23. Face Protection ▸ Face shields ▸ Safety goggles, or safety glasses (To protect the eyes, nose, and mouth) ▸ From debris, splashes, or harmful substances. 23
- 24. Face shields 24
- 25. Safety Goggles, or Safety Glasses 25
- 26. Respiratory Protection ▸ Respirators or masks to filter out airborne contaminants: - Dust - Fume - Pathogens ▸ Providing respiratory protection to the wearer. 26
- 28. Foot Protection ▸ Safety shoes or boots with reinforced toes and soles to protect against: - Falling objects - Punctures - Electrical hazards - Slips and falls. 28
- 29. Safety Shoes or Boots 29
- 31. Head Protection ▸ Helmets or Hard Hats ▸ Designed to protect the head from: - Falling objects - Electrical hazards - Impacts, or other head injuries. 31
- 32. Helmets or Hard Hats 32
- 33. Hearing Protection ▸ Earplugs or earmuffs ▸ To safeguard the ears from: - Excessive noise levels - Loud machinery. 33
- 36. Unsafe Injection Practices ▸ Using the same syringe to more than one patient ▸ Accessing a medication vial or bag with a used syringe 36
- 37. Unsafe Injection Practices ▸ Using the remaining contents from vial or bag for another patient ▸ Using medications for more than one patient ▸ Failing to use aseptic technique 37
- 38. 38
- 39. Safe Practices for Medical Injections ▸ Never administer medications from the same syringe to more than one patient ▸ Do not enter a medication vial, bag, or bottle with a used syringe or needle. 39
- 40. Safe Practices for Medical Injections ▸ Never use medications packaged as single- dose or single-use for more than one patient ▸ Always use aseptic technique 40
- 41. 41
- 42. “ Safe Management of Waste 42
- 43. Healthcare Waste Management ▸ Waste Segregation ▸ Handling and Storage ▸ Transportation ▸ Treatment and Disposal ▸ Training and Education 43
- 44. Types of Waste/Waste Segregation ▸ Infectious waste ▸ Pathological waste ▸ Sharps waste ▸ Chemical waste ▸ Pharmaceutical waste ▸ Cytotoxic waste ▸ Radioactive waste ▸ Non-hazardous or general waste 44
- 45. Infectious Waste ▸ Used needles and syringes ▸ Laboratory cultures and specimens ▸ Blood and blood products ▸ Contaminated personal protective equipment (PPE) 45
- 46. Pathological Waste ▸ Human tissues, organs, body parts ▸ Human fluids ▸ Laboratory specimens and cultures 46
- 47. Sharps Waste ▸ Needles ▸ Syringes ▸ Lancets ▸ Other devices used for medical procedures, treatment, or testing 47
- 48. Chemical Waste ▸ Pharmaceuticals ▸ Disinfectants ▸ Solvents ▸ Heavy metals ▸ Radioactive materials 48
- 49. Pharmaceutical Waste ▸ Unused, expired, or contaminated medications ▸ Other pharmaceutical products 49
- 50. Cytotoxic (substance that kills cells) Waste ▸ Empty chemotherapy drug vials or containers ▸ Used or expired chemotherapy drugs ▸ Contaminated gloves, gowns, and other personal protective equipment (PPE) ▸ Sharps, such as needles and syringes, used in cytotoxic drug administration ▸ Laboratory cultures and specimens treated with cytotoxic agents 50
- 51. Radioactive Waste ▸ High-level waste (HLW ▸ Intermediate-level waste (ILW) ▸ Low-level waste (LLW) (categorized based on their level of radioactivity and the time it takes for the radioactivity to decay to safe levels) 51
- 52. Radioactive ▸ Having or producing powerful and dangerous energy that comes from the breaking up of atoms ▸ Uranium is a radioactive material. 52
- 53. Non-hazardous or general waste ▸ Paper waste ▸ Packaging waste ▸ Food waste 53
- 54. Handling and Storage ▸ Use of appropriate containers, labelling, and secure storage areas ▸ To prevent accidents, contamination, and access by unauthorized individuals 54
- 55. Transportation ▸ Compliance with Regulations ▸ Licensed Waste Transporter ▸ Dedicated Vehicles ▸ Security and Tracking ▸ Timely Transport ▸ Training and Awareness ▸ Documentation and Recordkeeping 55
- 56. Treatment and Disposal ▸ On-Site Treatment (autoclaves, Incineration ) ▸ Off-Site Treatment (incineration, autoclaving, microwaving, or chemical treatment) ▸ Landfill Disposal ▸ Recycling (paper, plastic, glass, and metal containers ) 56
- 57. Proper Disposal of Sharps Waste ▸ Use proper sharps containers ▸ Do not overfill containers ▸ Do not recap or bend needles ▸ Keep sharps containers in accessible locations ▸ Do not dispose of sharps waste in regular trash ▸ Use authorized collection programs 57
- 58. Chemical Treatment ▸ Sodium hypochlorite ▸ Chlorine dioxide ▸ Peracetic acid ▸ Hydrogen peroxide 58
- 59. Training and Education Topics ▸ Waste Classification ▸ Regulations and Guidelines ▸ Storage and Transportation ▸ Infection Control and Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) ▸ Emergency Preparedness 59
- 60. Training and Education Methods ▸ Workshops ▸ Seminars ▸ Online courses ▸ On-the-job training ▸ Certifications from relevant organizations 60
- 61. National colour code for health care waste ▸ Black – noninfectious/non hazardous ▸ Yellow – infectious waste ▸ Yellow with red stripes – sharps bin ▸ Red – clean glass ▸ Orange – clean plastic ▸ Blue – clean paper ▸ Green – discarded food/biodegradable waste 61
- 62. Colour Codes ▸ Brown – metal ▸ Purple – cytotoxic waste ▸ Gray – electrical and electronic waste (e-waste) ▸ White – pharmaceutical waste 62
- 64. What is Cleaning? ▸ The process of removing dirt, dust, stains, and other unwanted substances from surfaces, objects, or environments to maintain hygiene, appearance, and functionality. 64
- 65. Common Cleaning Activities ▸ Dusting ( wet and dry) ▸ Sweeping and mopping ▸ Vacuuming (carpets, upholstery, or other surfaces) ▸ Washing (dishes, clothes, windows, and more ) 65
- 66. Cleaning Guidance 66 Area/item Method of cleaning/disinfection Floors Damp mop at least 3 times a day in clinical areas and keep dry. Use 0.1% hypochlorite. Mops Rinse in water, soak in freshly prepared 0.1% hypochlorite for 30 minutes
- 67. Cleaning Guidance Walls ▸ Should be tiled or enamel painted up to 4-5 feet Damp ( WET) wipe monthly High touch surfaces ▸ 70% alcohol or 0.1% hypochlorite Frequent cleaning 67
- 68. High-Touch Surfaces ▸ Bedrails ▸ IV poles ▸ Sink handles ▸ Bedside tables ▸ Counters where medications and supplies are prepared 68
- 69. High-Touch Surfaces ▸ Edges of privacy curtains ▸ Patient monitoring equipment (e.g. keyboards) ▸ Transport equipment (e.g. wheelchair handles) ▸ Call bells ▸ Doorknobs ▸ Light switches 69
- 70. Disinfection ▸ A process that eliminates many or all pathogenic microorganisms, except bacterial spores, on inanimate objects 70
- 71. Disinfection 71 Equipment Agents for Decontamination/ Disinfection Thermometer 70% Alcohol Stethoscopes 70% Alcohol Sputum mugs 5% phenolic disinfectant or 1% hypochlorite for 30 min
- 72. Sterilization ▸ The complete removal of all forms of microorganisms, both vegetative and spore forms, from a surface or an object 72
- 73. Sterilization/Autoclave ▸ Forceps ▸ Speculum ▸ Kidney trays ▸ Dressing Packets ▸ Metal instruments 73
- 74. “ Prevention of Surgical Site Infections (SSI) 74
- 75. Practice Aseptic Techniques ▸ Sterile PPE ▸ Sterile Equipment ▸ Theatre Environment Sterility ▸ Theatre Etiquette 75
- 76. Aseptic ▸ Free from contamination caused by harmful bacteria, viruses, or other microorganisms 76
- 77. Difference between Aseptic and Sterile Aseptic technique ▸ Intended to minimize contamination from pathogens. Sterile technique ▸ Used to create an area free from any microorganisms, pathogenic or otherwise 77
- 78. DISINFECTANT ▸ Glutaraldehyde-based formulations ( HIGH) ▸ Hydrogen peroxide ( HIGH) ▸ Hypochlorite ( HIGH) ▸ Ethyl or isopropyl alcohol (70-90%) ( MEDIUM) ▸ Sodium hypochlorite ( MEDIUM) ▸ Phenolic ( MEDIUM) 78
- 79. Equipment Decontamination 79 Category Method of decontamination Equipment High (critical) Sterilization Surgical instruments Intermediate (semi-critical) High-level disinfection by heat or chemicals Anesthetic masks,bedpans and urinals
- 80. Equipment Decontamination 80 Category Method of decontamination Equipment Low (non- critical) Low level disinfection (cleaning). Blood pressure cuffs,stethoscopes electrocardiogram leads,etc.Environm
- 82. PREOPERATIVE MEASURES ▸ Preoperative bathing ▸ Mechanical bowel preparation ▸ The use of oral antibiotics ▸ Hair removal with clipper if required ▸ Surgical site preparation with alcohol-based antiseptic solutions 82
- 83. ▸ Surgical hand preparation ▸ Perioperative blood glucose control 83 Scrubbing with a suitable antimicrobial soap for 2 to 5 minutes up to forearm
- 84. POSTOPERATIVE MEASURES ▸ Surgical antibiotic prophylaxis ▸ Advanced dressings ▸ Optimal timing for wound drain removal 84
- 85. “ Prevention of Healthcare- Associated Infections (HAIs) 85
- 86. What is HAI ? ▸ An infection that develops during, or soon after, receiving healthcare services or being in a healthcare setting ▸ Infections people get while they are receiving health care for another condition. 86
- 87. Common Infections Associated with Healthcare ▸ Catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTI) ▸ Bloodstream infections (CLABSI) ▸ Surgical site infections (SSI) ▸ Pneumonia. 87
- 88. 88
- 89. Stewardship ▸ Control ▸ Protection ▸ Supervision ▸ Administration 89
- 90. 90
- 92. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA) ▸ A potentially dangerous type of staph bacteria ▸ Resistant to certain antibiotics ▸ May cause skin and other infections ▸ Spread by having direct contact ▸ By sharing personal items (towels or razors ) 92
- 94. Vancomycin-resistant Enterococci (VRE). 94 • Spread from person to person • Six different types of vancomycin resistance are shown • Transmitted by touching articles soiled by an infected person's feces.
- 95. “ Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene (WASH) 95
- 96. Drinking Unsafe Water Impairs Health ▸ Diarrhea ▸ Giardiasis ▸ Dysentery ▸ Typhoid fever ▸ E. Coli infection ▸ Salmonellosis 96
- 97. Adequate WASH in Health Care Facilities is Important ▸ A human right ▸ Essential for ensuring quality health care ▸ Contributes to the reduction of health care costs by protecting the health of staff and preventing hospital-acquired infections 97
- 98. ▸ Contributes to disease prevention ▸ Helps to control and reduce the spread antibiotic resistant pathogens ▸ Prevents contamination of the environment( by safe management of wastewater and medical waste.) 98 Adequate WASH in Health Care Facilities is Important
- 99. 99
- 100. 100
- 101. 101