This document provides training on basic fire safety and fire extinguishing. It discusses the definition of fire, the fire tetrahedron, different classes of fire types, stages of fire, how to use a fire extinguisher, fire fighting systems, and forming a fire fighting team. The training covers identifying fires, appropriate extinguishing methods based on fire class, inspecting fire extinguishers, PASS techniques for operating an extinguisher, and establishing a fire prevention team with defined roles.
Fire Extinguisher is a must have tools for every building and everyone should be know, how to manage Fire Extinguisher. So, it's need to take Fire Extinguisher Training as early as possible. For more info visit, http://www.fireextinguishertraininghq.com/
Fire Extinguisher is a must have tools for every building and everyone should be know, how to manage Fire Extinguisher. So, it's need to take Fire Extinguisher Training as early as possible. For more info visit, http://www.fireextinguishertraininghq.com/
meaning of fire hazards, types of fire,fire triangle,classification of fire,precaution devices,fire extinguisher,types of fire extinguisher, reason of fire hazards,precaution taken in case of fire hazards......important points related to fire hazards..this is very helpful presentation.
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
Water scarcity is the lack of fresh water resources to meet the standard water demand. There are two type of water scarcity. One is physical. The other is economic water scarcity.
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
1. Training on Basic Fire Safety & Extinguishing
Training Conducted By
Engr. Ali Kamal Mostofa Rubel(Electrical)
MPH in Occupational Health & Safety
alikamalmostofa@gmail.com
+880 1682560119
2. Objective
1. What is Fire?
2. Fire Tetrahedral
3. Class of Fire
4. Stage of Fire
5. How to Extinguish Fire
6. Fire Fighting System
7. How to use Fire Extinguisher
8. Fire Fighting Team
3. What is Fire?
The rapid oxidation of a fuel evolving heat,
particulates, gases and non- ionizing radiation.
Another point of view
Fire is a chemical reaction among Heat, Fuel and
Oxygen with considering of Flash point.
5. Fire Tetrahedral
The Combustion Process
• Four components
• Need all four components to start a fire
• Fire extinguishers remove one or more of the components.
6. Class of Fire
1. Solid fire - Class – A
2. Liquid fire - Class – B
3. Gas fire - Class – C
4. Metal fire - Class – D
5. Electrical fire - Class – E
6. Cooking fire - Class – F
7. Class – A (Solid fire)
Solid Fire:
Class A Fires consist of ordinary combustibles such as wood, paper,
trash or anything else that leaves an ash. Water works best to
extinguish a Class A fire. Example: Wood, Paper, Cloth, Etc.
Extinguishing Method: Dry Chemical Powder, CO2
8. Class – B (Liquid fire)
Liquid fire:
• Class B Fires are fueled by flammable or combustible liquids, which include oil,
gasoline, and other similar materials. Smothering effects which deplete the
oxygen supply work best to extinguish Class B fires. Example: Gasoline, Oil,
Grease, Other solvents, Etc.
Extinguishing Method: Foam type Fire Extinguisher
9. Class – C (Gas fire)
Gas Fire:
A class C fire refers to a fire that involves flammable gases such as natural
gas, petroleum gas, butane, hydrogen, acetylene or propane. These gases
are highly combustible and may cause large scale fires and explosions if
mixed with enough oxyge. Example: Mithen, Propen, LP Gas, Etc
Extinguishing Method: Dry Chemical Power, Sand, Soil
10. Class – D (Metal fire)
Metal Fire:
Class D Fires are combustible metal fires. Magnesium and Titanium are
the most common types of metal fires. Once a metal ignites do not use
water in an attempt to extinguish it. Only use a Dry Powder extinguishing
agent. Dry powder agents work by smothering and heat absorption.
Example: Magnesium, Sodium, Iron, Aluminum, Titanium, Etc
Extinguishing Method: Talcum powder, Graphite powder, Sand, Soil, Etc
11. Class – E (Electrical fire)
Electrical Fire: Class C Fires. Energized Electrical Fires are known as Class
C fires. Always de-energize the circuit then use a non-conductive
extinguishing agent. Such as Carbon dioxide. Example: Computer, Fax
machine, Etc
Extinguishing Method: CO2, Dry Chemical Powder
12. Class – F (Cooking fire)
Cooking Fire: Class F Fires are fires that involve cooking oils, grease or
animal fat and can be extinguished using Purple K, the typical agent
found in kitchen or galley extinguishers. Example: Fires involving
combustible oils, lards and fats in commercial cooking.
Extinguishing Method: Foam type Fire Extinguisher, Wet Chemical
13. What is Fire Extinguisher?
A fire extinguisher is an active fire protection
device used to extinguish or control small fires,
often in emergency situations. It is not intended for
use on an out-of-control fire, such as one which has
reached the ceiling, endangers the user, or
otherwise requires the expertise of a fire brigade.
14. Stages of Fire
Incipient to Growth= 5 minute
Growth to Fully Developed= 10 minute
Fully Developed stage= No use of fire extinguisher need Fire Brigade
Decay= Hidden fire again has chance to start fire.
15. Fire Fighting System
1. Active Fire Fighting System:
Fire extinguisher
Fire hose reels
Fire blankets
Sprinkler systems
Smoke alarms
Automated fire doors
Thermal detectors
Fire control systems
2. Passive Fire Fighting System:
Means of Egress
Fire resistant Wall
Fire rated Door & Window
Fire rated Paint
Fire rated clothing & Fabrics
Floor evacuation
Venting system
16. Fire Extinguisher Anatomy
DISCHARGE HOSE
DISCHARGE NOZZLE
DISCHARGE ORIFICE
DATA PLATE
CARRYING HANDLE
PRESSURE GAUGE (not found
on CO2 extinguishers)DISCHARGE LEVER
DISCHARGE LOCKING PIN
AND SEAL
BODY
18. How To Use Fire Extinguisher
PULL... Pull the pin. This will
also break the tamper seal.
AIM... Aim low, pointing the
extinguisher nozzle (or its
horn or hose) at the base of
the fire. ...
SQUEEZE... Squeeze the
handle to release the
extinguishing agent.
SWEEP... Sweep from side to
side at the base of the fire
until it appears to be out.
19. Fire Prevention Team
Team Leader
Fire Extinguishing Team Rescue Team First Aid Team
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