There are three basic elements of an automated system: a power source, a programmable command, and control systems. Electricity is commonly used as the power source to drive both the automated process and control systems. A programmable command consists of a set of instructions that specify the sequence and details of each step in the work cycle. Control systems execute the program of instructions and use feedback sensors to regulate the process via closed-loop control and ensure it carries out the intended manufacturing operation.

1. “Basic Elements of Automated
Systems”

2. Automated system:
• Automation is the technology by which a
process or procedure is accomplished without
human assistance
• In simple words, the replacement of human
operations by using computers

3. Basic elements:
There are three basic elements of Automated
system:
• Power source
• Programmable command
• Control systems

4. Power
Program of
instructions
Control
system Process

5. Power source:
• An automated system is used to operate
some process and power is required to
drive the process as well as controls
• There are many sources of power available,
but the most commonly used power is
electricity

6. Electricity-
The Principal Power Source:
• Widely available at moderate cost
• Can be readily converted to alternative
forms, e.g., mechanical, thermal, light, etc.
• Low level power can be used for signal
transmission, data processing, and
communication
• Can be stored in long-life batteries

7. Power to Accomplish the Automated
Process:
• Power for the process:
 To drive the process itself
 To load and unload the work unit
 Transport between operations
• Power for automation:
 Controller unit
 Power to actuate the control signals
 Data acquisition and information processing

8. Programmable command:
• Set of commands that specify the sequence of
steps in the work cycle and the details of each
step
• Example: CNC part program
• During each step, there are one or more
activities involving changes in one or more
process parameters
Examples:
Temperature setting of a furnace
Axis position in a positioning system
Motor on or off

9. Control systems:
• The control element of the automated
system executes the program of
instructions
• The control system causes the process
to accomplish its defined function;
which for our purpose is to carry out
some manufacturing operation

10. • Closed-loop control system:
A system in which the output variable is
compared with an input parameter, and any
difference between the two is used to drive the
output into agreement with the input
• Open-loop control system:
operates without the feedback loop
 Simpler and less expensive
 Risk that the actuator will not have the
intended effect

11. Process
Controller Actuator
Feedback sensor
Controller Process
Actuator

12. “Thank
you”