This document contains information about a basic electrical engineering laboratory course, including safety precautions, electrical symbols, list of experiments, and procedures for experiment 1 on verifying Kirchhoff's laws for DC circuits. It provides instructions on connecting circuits, taking measurements, and calculating theoretical values to verify the laws. Experiments cover topics like impedance calculation, transformer testing, and three-phase power measurement.
Occasionally we need dc power source which is adjustable along with protections. This slide will help you to create a circuit that can adjust the dc voltage and apply thereby.
Electric Power Systems Fundamentals for Non-Electrical EngineersLiving Online
The focus is on the building blocks of electrical engineering, the fundamentals of electrical design and integrating electrical engineering know-how into the other disciplines within an organisation. Unnecessary theory will be minimised and you will focus on best practice over the duration of the workshop.
The workshop will commence by reviewing basic electrical circuits and electrical laws. You will then be exposed to the basic principles of electrical generation, transmission and distribution. Electrical distribution will then be covered in considerably more detail. The interesting area of electrical measurements as applied to single phase and three phase systems will then be reviewed. You will be exposed to earthing with a strong focus on safety issues. Transformers will then be examined with an emphasis on power transformers as used in the electrical distribution industry. The first day will be concluded with coverage of power system components in terms of isolators, fuses and circuit breakers.
The second day will commence with an examination of AC and DC motors, followed by a review of electrical lighting and illumination concepts. The power hungry topic of electrical heating in industry is then examined. The impact especially in the modern world of power electronics is discussed with a demonstration of the possible unpleasant harmonics arising from using this powerful technology. This then smoothly leads into the topic of dealing with power quality. The last three major topics are electrical power system protection, electrical safety and customer installations. The penultimate topic of great interest to executive management in a company (and indeed municipalities and governments) is load forecasting.
The workshop is concluded with modern developments such as substation automation, the smart grid, industrial data communications and the still controversial topic of carbon trading.
A workshop such as this is certainly not going to make you a professional electrical engineer - although many experienced electrical engineers have commented on how useful this course has been in broadening their perspective in other areas of the electrical world. But in two action packed and enjoyable days, you will leave with a valuable toolbox of skills in electrical engineering, thus becoming far more productive and safer in your career and in working with electrical engineers, technicians and managers.
MORE INFORMATION: http://www.idc-online.com/content/electrical-power-system-fundamentals-non-electrical-engineers-38
Occasionally we need dc power source which is adjustable along with protections. This slide will help you to create a circuit that can adjust the dc voltage and apply thereby.
Electric Power Systems Fundamentals for Non-Electrical EngineersLiving Online
The focus is on the building blocks of electrical engineering, the fundamentals of electrical design and integrating electrical engineering know-how into the other disciplines within an organisation. Unnecessary theory will be minimised and you will focus on best practice over the duration of the workshop.
The workshop will commence by reviewing basic electrical circuits and electrical laws. You will then be exposed to the basic principles of electrical generation, transmission and distribution. Electrical distribution will then be covered in considerably more detail. The interesting area of electrical measurements as applied to single phase and three phase systems will then be reviewed. You will be exposed to earthing with a strong focus on safety issues. Transformers will then be examined with an emphasis on power transformers as used in the electrical distribution industry. The first day will be concluded with coverage of power system components in terms of isolators, fuses and circuit breakers.
The second day will commence with an examination of AC and DC motors, followed by a review of electrical lighting and illumination concepts. The power hungry topic of electrical heating in industry is then examined. The impact especially in the modern world of power electronics is discussed with a demonstration of the possible unpleasant harmonics arising from using this powerful technology. This then smoothly leads into the topic of dealing with power quality. The last three major topics are electrical power system protection, electrical safety and customer installations. The penultimate topic of great interest to executive management in a company (and indeed municipalities and governments) is load forecasting.
The workshop is concluded with modern developments such as substation automation, the smart grid, industrial data communications and the still controversial topic of carbon trading.
A workshop such as this is certainly not going to make you a professional electrical engineer - although many experienced electrical engineers have commented on how useful this course has been in broadening their perspective in other areas of the electrical world. But in two action packed and enjoyable days, you will leave with a valuable toolbox of skills in electrical engineering, thus becoming far more productive and safer in your career and in working with electrical engineers, technicians and managers.
MORE INFORMATION: http://www.idc-online.com/content/electrical-power-system-fundamentals-non-electrical-engineers-38
Dear All,
Here i glad to introduced with a basics of Design Electrical which is helpfull to understand the concept of electrical.
I hope you like these concept & prefered the same.
Thanks& Regards,
Pankaj V. Chavan
( 95615 73214 )
Megger designs and manufactures portable electric test equipment. Megger products help install, improve efficiency, reduce cost and extend the life of electrical assets. The Megger brand is so well known these days that some maintenance professionals incorrectly use it as a verb when they refer to doing an insulation test.
Megger manufactures hand-held test equipment as well as larger insulation testers, oil test equipment and low resistance ohmmeters.
Megger DETEX Voltage Detectors are available in seven models that cover a range from distribution class to transmission line voltages up to 550kV.
Megger cable fault location solutions include : low voltage TDR underground cable fault locators, surge generator fault locators, cable fault pinpointing, high voltage DC test sets and high voltage (11kV-33kV-66kV-132kV) underground cable fault locators.
What is power transmission?
Basic structure of electric system
Generation, transmission, distribution, electricity in Pakistan
(NTDC) Pakistan
Transmission lines in Pakistan
Transmission pole design
Power transmission losses
Dear All,
Here i glad to introduced with a basics of Design Electrical which is helpfull to understand the concept of electrical.
I hope you like these concept & prefered the same.
Thanks& Regards,
Pankaj V. Chavan
( 95615 73214 )
Megger designs and manufactures portable electric test equipment. Megger products help install, improve efficiency, reduce cost and extend the life of electrical assets. The Megger brand is so well known these days that some maintenance professionals incorrectly use it as a verb when they refer to doing an insulation test.
Megger manufactures hand-held test equipment as well as larger insulation testers, oil test equipment and low resistance ohmmeters.
Megger DETEX Voltage Detectors are available in seven models that cover a range from distribution class to transmission line voltages up to 550kV.
Megger cable fault location solutions include : low voltage TDR underground cable fault locators, surge generator fault locators, cable fault pinpointing, high voltage DC test sets and high voltage (11kV-33kV-66kV-132kV) underground cable fault locators.
What is power transmission?
Basic structure of electric system
Generation, transmission, distribution, electricity in Pakistan
(NTDC) Pakistan
Transmission lines in Pakistan
Transmission pole design
Power transmission losses
Electricity can cause serious injury or even death which is why safety must come first when working with electricity or electrical devices. In order to avoid injury, prior to starting work on an electrical box such as an AC mains switch-board or a power supply, for example, you must first verify there is no AC voltage. If you can't completely isolate your device from the supply wires, how can you be sure that there's no voltage remaining? Enter a non-contact AC voltage detector.
There are several options available on the market and they range in price, but in true DIY fashion, with this kit, you are able to quickly and easily create your own non-contact AC voltage detector in less than an hour.
This manual is very much useful for PG students belongs to ME Power Electronics and Drives
By
M.MURUGANANDAM. M.E.,(Ph.D).,MIEEE.,MISTE,
Assistant Professor & Head / EIE,
Muthayammal Engineering College,
Rasipuram,
Namakkal-637 408.
Cell No: 9965768327
NO1 Uk best vashikaran specialist in delhi vashikaran baba near me online vas...Amil Baba Dawood bangali
Contact with Dawood Bhai Just call on +92322-6382012 and we'll help you. We'll solve all your problems within 12 to 24 hours and with 101% guarantee and with astrology systematic. If you want to take any personal or professional advice then also you can call us on +92322-6382012 , ONLINE LOVE PROBLEM & Other all types of Daily Life Problem's.Then CALL or WHATSAPP us on +92322-6382012 and Get all these problems solutions here by Amil Baba DAWOOD BANGALI
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6th International Conference on Machine Learning & Applications (CMLA 2024)ClaraZara1
6th International Conference on Machine Learning & Applications (CMLA 2024) will provide an excellent international forum for sharing knowledge and results in theory, methodology and applications of on Machine Learning & Applications.
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
CW RADAR, FMCW RADAR, FMCW ALTIMETER, AND THEIR PARAMETERSveerababupersonal22
It consists of cw radar and fmcw radar ,range measurement,if amplifier and fmcw altimeterThe CW radar operates using continuous wave transmission, while the FMCW radar employs frequency-modulated continuous wave technology. Range measurement is a crucial aspect of radar systems, providing information about the distance to a target. The IF amplifier plays a key role in signal processing, amplifying intermediate frequency signals for further analysis. The FMCW altimeter utilizes frequency-modulated continuous wave technology to accurately measure altitude above a reference point.
Hierarchical Digital Twin of a Naval Power SystemKerry Sado
A hierarchical digital twin of a Naval DC power system has been developed and experimentally verified. Similar to other state-of-the-art digital twins, this technology creates a digital replica of the physical system executed in real-time or faster, which can modify hardware controls. However, its advantage stems from distributing computational efforts by utilizing a hierarchical structure composed of lower-level digital twin blocks and a higher-level system digital twin. Each digital twin block is associated with a physical subsystem of the hardware and communicates with a singular system digital twin, which creates a system-level response. By extracting information from each level of the hierarchy, power system controls of the hardware were reconfigured autonomously. This hierarchical digital twin development offers several advantages over other digital twins, particularly in the field of naval power systems. The hierarchical structure allows for greater computational efficiency and scalability while the ability to autonomously reconfigure hardware controls offers increased flexibility and responsiveness. The hierarchical decomposition and models utilized were well aligned with the physical twin, as indicated by the maximum deviations between the developed digital twin hierarchy and the hardware.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
We have compiled the most important slides from each speaker's presentation. This year’s compilation, available for free, captures the key insights and contributions shared during the DfMAy 2024 conference.
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
Governing Equations for Fundamental Aerodynamics_Anderson2010.pdf
basic electrical manual 18 scheme
1. Basic Electrical Engineering Laboratory,18EEL17/27
Department of Electrical & Electronics ,S.T.J.I.T.Rnr ,SRM AP Page 1
Basic Electrical Engineering Laboratory, 18ELEL17/18ELEL27
[As per Choice Based Credit System (CBCS) scheme]
SEMESTER – I/II
NAME OF STUDENT
ROLL NO:
SECTION
BATCH NO :
Staff in charge
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS
S.T.J.INSITITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY RANEBENNUR -581115
Prepared by Prof. SANTHOSH RAIKAR M
More suggestion and feedback mail @: acadamiceeestjit@gmail.com
2. Basic Electrical Engineering Laboratory,18EEL17/27
Department of Electrical & Electronics ,S.T.J.I.T.Rnr ,SRM AP Page 2
Safety Precautions
1. SAFETY is of paramount importance in the Electrical Engineering Laboratories.
2. Electricity NEVER EXCUSES careless persons. So, exercise enough care and attention in
handling electrical equipment and follow safety practices in the laboratory. (Electricity is a good
servant but a bad master).
3. Avoid direct contact with any voltage source and power line voltage. (Otherwise and such
contact may subject you to electrical shock).
4. Wear rubber-soled shoes. (To insulate you from earth so that even if you accidentally contact a
live point, current will not flow through your body to earth and hence you will be protected from
electrical shock)
5. Wear laboratory-coat and avoid loose clothing. (Loose clothing may get caught on an
equipment/instrument and this may lead to an accident particularly if the equipment happens to
be a rotating machine)
6. Girl students should have their hair tucked under their coat or have it in a knot.
7. Do not wear any metallic rings, bangles, bracelets, wristwatches and neck chains. (When you
move your hand/body, such conducting items may create a short circuit or may touch a live point
and thereby subject you to electrical shock).
8. Be certain that your hands are dry and that you are not standing on wet floor. (Wet parts of the
body reduce the contact resistance thereby increasing the severity of the shock).
9. Ensure that the power is OFF before you start connecting up the circuit. (Otherwise you will
be touching the live parts in the circuit)
10. Get you circuit diagram approved by the staff member and connect up the circuit strictly as
per the approved circuit diagram.
11. Check power chords for any sign of damage and be certain the chords use safety plugs and
do not defeat the safety future of these plugs by using ungrounded plugs.
12. When using connection leads, check for any insulation damage in the leads and avoid such
defective leads.
13. Do not defeat any Safety devices such as fuse or circuit breaker by shorting across it. Safety
devices protect YOU and your equipment
14. Switch on the power to your circuit and equipment only after getting them checked up and
approved by the staff member.
3. Basic Electrical Engineering Laboratory,18EEL17/27
Department of Electrical & Electronics ,S.T.J.I.T.Rnr ,SRM AP Page 3
15. Take the measurement with one hand in you pocket. (To avoid shock in case you accidentally
touch two points at different potentials with your two hands)
16. Do not make any change in the connection without the approval of the staff member.
17. In case you notice any abnormal condition in your circuit (like insulation heating up, resistor
heating up etc.). Switch off the power to your circuit immediately and inform the staff member.
18. Keep hot soldering iron in the holder when not in use.
19. After completing the experiment show your readings to the staff member and switch off the
power to your circuit after getting approval from the staff member.
Electrical Symbols
Single-pole Single-throw
(SPST) Switch Single Pole Double-throw (SPDT) Switch
Double-pole, Single Throw (DPST) Switch
Fuse
4. Basic Electrical Engineering Laboratory,18EEL17/27
Department of Electrical & Electronics ,S.T.J.I.T.Rnr ,SRM AP Page 4
List of experiments:
1. Verification of KVL and KCL for DC circuits. -04
2. Measurement of current, power and power factor of incandescent lamp, fluorescent lamp, and
CFL and LED lamp. -06
3. Impedance calculation and verification for R-L and R-C circuits- using decade boxes.-09
4. Load test on a single phase transformer.-12
5. Voltage and Current relationships of three phase star/delta circuits.-14
6. Measurement of three phase power using two wattmeter method.-16
7. Speed load characteristic of a 3 phase induction motor.-18
8. Two way and three way Control of lamp and formation of truth table.-20
Demonstration Experiments (for CIE only):
1. Demonstration of fuse, MCB by creating a fault.-21-22
2. Demonstration of cut-out sections of electrical machines (DC machines, Induction machines
and synchronous machines)
Laboratory Outcomes
Get an exposure to common electrical components.
Make electrical connections by wires of appropriate ratings.
Understand the usage of common electrical measuring instruments.
Understand the basic functioning of electrical machines.
5. Basic Electrical Engineering Laboratory,18EEL17/27
Department of Electrical & Electronics ,S.T.J.I.T.Rnr ,SRM AP Page 5
Experiment no 1 : Verification of KVL and KCL for DC circuits.
Aim: Determination of Voltage and Current in DC Circuit
Apparatus required
Slno Apparatus Specification Quantity
1 RPS unit 0-24/30V 1
2 PMMC ammeter 0-2/5A 3
3 Rheostat 100 ohm 2A 3
4 Connecting wires - -
Theory :
Statement:
KCL: The algebraic sum of the currents meeting at a node is equal to zero.
KVL: In any closed path / mesh, the algebraic sum of all the voltages is zero.
Precautions:
1. Voltage control knob should be kept at minimum position.
2. Current control knob of RPS should be kept at maximum position.
Procedure for KCL:
1. Give the connections as per the circuit diagram.
2. Set a particular value in RPS.
3. Note down the corresponding ammeter reading
4. Repeat the same for different voltages
Procedure for KVL:
1. Give the connections as per the circuit diagram.
2. Set a particular value in RPS.
3. Note all the voltage reading
4. Repeat the same for different voltages Kcl
6. Basic Electrical Engineering Laboratory,18EEL17/27
Department of Electrical & Electronics ,S.T.J.I.T.Rnr ,SRM AP Page 6
Calculation
Slno Reading of
ammeter 1 (I1)
Reading of
ammeter 2 (I2)
Reading of
ammeter 3(I3)
I2+I3
1
2
3
4
Slno Reading of
voltmeter 1(V1)
Reading of
voltmeter 2
(V2)
Reading of
voltmeter 3(V3)
V2+V3
1
2
3
4
Apply the loop and nodal analysis calculate theoretical value of current and voltage from
network
7. Basic Electrical Engineering Laboratory,18EEL17/27
Department of Electrical & Electronics ,S.T.J.I.T.Rnr ,SRM AP Page 7
Experiment 2 Measurement of current, power and power factor of
incandescent, lamp, fluorescent lamp, CFL and LED lamp.
Aim: Measurement of current, power and power factor of incandescent lamp, fluorescent lamp,
CFL and LED lamp.
Apparatus Required:
Slno Apparatus Specification Quantity
1 Fluorescent tube 40W 1
2 Starter 5A 1
3 Choke coil 10A,230V 1
4 Wattmeter 2500,250V,10A 1
5 Voltmeter ammeter 250v,10/20A 2
Figure 1 fluorescent lab
8. Basic Electrical Engineering Laboratory,18EEL17/27
Department of Electrical & Electronics ,S.T.J.I.T.Rnr ,SRM AP Page 8
Theory:
1. The electrode of the starter which is enclosed in a gas bulb filled with argon gas, cause
discharge in the argon gas with consequent heating.
2. Due to heating, the bimetallic strip bends and causes in the starter to close. After this, the
choke, the filaments (tube ends) to tube and starter becomes connected in series.
3. When the current flows through the tube end filaments the heat is produced. During the
process the discharge in the starter tube disappears and the contacts in the starter move apart.
4. When sudden break in the circuit occur due to moving apart of starter terminals, this causes a
high value of e.m.f to be induced in the choke.
5. According to Lenz‟s, the direction of induced e.m.f in the choke will try to oppose the fall of
current in the circuit.
6. The voltage thus acting across the tube ends will be high enough to cause a discharge to occur
in the gas inside the tube. Thus the starts giving light.
7. The fluorescent lamp is a low pressure mercury lamp and is a long evacuated tube. It contains
a small amount of mercury and argon gas at 2.5 mm pressure. At the time of switching in the
tube mercury is in the form of small drops. Therefore, to start the tube, filling up of argon gas is
necessary. So, in the beginning, argon gas starts burning at the ends of the tube; the mercury is
heated and controls the current and the tube starts giving light. At each end of the tube, there is a
tungsten electrode which is coated with fast electron emitting material. Inside of the tube is
coated with phosphor according to the type of light.
8. A starter helps to start the start the tube and break the circuit. The choke coil is also called
blast. It has a laminated core over which enameled wire is wound. The function of the choke is to
increase the voltage to almost 1000V at the time of switching on the tube and when the tube
starts working, it reduces the voltage across the tube and keeps the currents constant.
Procedure:
1. Give the connections as per the circuit diagram
2. Fix the tube holder and the choke in the tube.
3. The phase wire is connected to the choke and neutral directly to the tube.
4. Connect the starter in series with the tube.
5. Switch on the supply and check the fluorescent lamp lighting.
9. Basic Electrical Engineering Laboratory,18EEL17/27
Department of Electrical & Electronics ,S.T.J.I.T.Rnr ,SRM AP Page 9
Tabular column
Slno Current Voltage Power Power factor
Power P=VICOS from above equation calculate power factor of different lamp
10. Basic Electrical Engineering Laboratory,18EEL17/27
Department of Electrical & Electronics ,S.T.J.I.T.Rnr ,SRM AP Page 10
Experiment no 3 Impedance calculation and verification for R-L and R-C
circuits- using decade boxes.
Aim Impedance calculation and verification for R-L and R-C circuits- using decade boxes.
Apparatus Required
Slno Components Range/type Quantity
1 Voltmeter 0-300V MI 1
2 Ammeter 0-10A MI 1
3 Wattmeter 300V 10A UPF/LPF 1
4 Autotransformer 1KVA 230V 1
5 Resistance inductance
and capacitance box
1
6 Connecting wire As per requirement
Theory:
Power in an electric circuit can be measured using a wattmeter. A wattmeter consists of two
coils, namely current coil and pressure coil or potential coil. The current coil is marked as ML
and pressure coil is marked as CV. The current coil measures the quantity that is proportional to
The current in the circuit and the pressure measures quantity that is proportional to voltage in the
Circuit. An ammeter is connected in series to the wattmeter to measure the current. A voltmeter
is connected in parallel to wattmeter to measure voltage. The power factor of the circuit is
calculated using the relation given below:
Circuit diagram
With resitive load
11. Basic Electrical Engineering Laboratory,18EEL17/27
Department of Electrical & Electronics ,S.T.J.I.T.Rnr ,SRM AP Page 11
Procedure:
1. Connect the circuit as shown in the circuit diagram
2. Switch on the supply and vary the auto transformer to build the rated voltage.
3. Vary the load according to current values are increases linearly for different ratings.
4. Note down the ammeter, wattmeter readings. Voltage will maintain constant.
5. After taking all the reading, bring the voltage back to minimum in the auto transformer.
6. Switch off the power supply. Remove the connections.
7. Calculate the power factor by the given formula
Procedure with RL/RC decade’s boxes
1. Connect the circuit as shown in the circuit diagram
2. Switch on the supply and vary the auto transformer to build the rated voltage.
3. Observe the reading of ammeter, voltmeter and wattmeter for various load values.
4. Vary the load according to current readings. Voltage is maintained constant.
5. After taking all the reading, bring the voltage back to minimum in the auto transformer.
6. Switch off the power supply.
7. Calculate the power factor by the given formula.
Actual power = OR x multiplication factor
Apparent power = VI watts
Power factor, Cos = (Actual power) / (Apparent power)
12. Basic Electrical Engineering Laboratory,18EEL17/27
Department of Electrical & Electronics ,S.T.J.I.T.Rnr ,SRM AP Page 12
Tabular column
Slno Current Voltage Power Power factor Impedance
Z= Z=V/I cosR/Z
13. Basic Electrical Engineering Laboratory,18EEL17/27
Department of Electrical & Electronics ,S.T.J.I.T.Rnr ,SRM AP Page 13
Experiment 4 Load test on a single phase transformer.
Aim Load test on a single phase transformer.
Apparatus Required
Slno Apparatus Specification Quantity
1 Ammeter 0-10A 2
2 Voltmeter 0-250V 2
3 Wattmeter 2500W,250V,10A 2
4 Resistive load - 1
5 Auto
transformer
- -
6 Connecting
wire
- -
Procedure
1) Connection are made as for circuit diagram
2) Switch on the DPST switch and vary the voltage with the help of autotransformer apply
rated voltage
3) Apply initial load with certain kw
4) Record the corresponding ammeter voltmeter and wattmeter reading
5) Repeat the step 3 for different load note down reading
6) Calculate efficiency and output power for given transformer
14. Basic Electrical Engineering Laboratory,18EEL17/27
Department of Electrical & Electronics ,S.T.J.I.T.Rnr ,SRM AP Page 14
Tabular column
Load
in kw
Voltage Current W1
wattmeter
W2
wattmeter
Input
power
Output
Power
Efficiency
V1 V2 I1 I2
15. Basic Electrical Engineering Laboratory,18EEL17/27
Department of Electrical & Electronics ,S.T.J.I.T.Rnr ,SRM AP Page 15
Experiment 5 Voltage and Current relationships of three phase star/delta
circuits.
Aim: Voltage and Current relationships of three phase star/delta circuits.
Apparatus Required
Slno Apparatus Specification Quantity
1 Voltmeter 0-250/500V 1
2 Ammeter 0-10/20A 1
3 Resistive load 2/3KW 1
4 Connecting
wire
Theory: refer the text book basic electrical engineering by B.L.Theraj volume 1
Circuit diagram
16. Basic Electrical Engineering Laboratory,18EEL17/27
Department of Electrical & Electronics ,S.T.J.I.T.Rnr ,SRM AP Page 16
Procedure:
1) Connection are made as for circuit diagram
2) Switch on three phase ac supply and apply the voltage with the help of autotransformer to
rated voltage autotransformer
3) Close the load switch and apply load of some Kw and record the voltmeter and ammeter
reading
4) Using relation of star connected circuit voltage and current formula to calculate parameter
Voltage Current Power Active power Reactive power
17. Basic Electrical Engineering Laboratory,18EEL17/27
Department of Electrical & Electronics ,S.T.J.I.T.Rnr ,SRM AP Page 17
Experiment no 6 Measurement of three phase power using two wattmeter
methods.
Aim Measurement of three phase power using two wattmeter methods.
Apparatus Required
Slno Apparatus Specification Quantity
1 Ammeter 0-10A 1
2 Voltmeter 0-250/500V 1
3 Wattmeter 2500,250V,10A 2
4 Load resistive 2kw 1
5 Connecting
wire
BRIEF THEORY: The connection diagram is shown in figure below. The sum of two wattmeter
readings gives the total power of the circuit irrespective of the fact that the circuit is balanced or
unbalanced and star-connected or delta-connected. The total power is given as the sum of two
wattmeter readings W1 and W2.
Total power of the load P = W1 + W2.
Precautions:
THE TPST switch must be kept open initially.
Load must not be applied while starting.
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PROCEDURE:
(i) Connect the circuit as per circuit diagram.
(ii) Vary the load.
(iii) Note down all the readings carefully in the observation table.
(iv) If one wattmeter reads negative or gives reverse readings, the readings of the wattmeter are taken
by reversing the current coil terminal.
Tabular column
Voltage Current Power W1 Power W2 Power factor
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Experiment no 7 Two way and three way Control of lamp and formation of
truth table.
Aim: To control a single lamp from two different places.
Apparatus Required
Slno Apparatus Quantity
1 Incandescent lamp 1 230v 40 w
2 Lamp holder 1
3 Two way switch 2 230V 5A
4 Connecting wires As required
Theory
1. A two way switch is installed near the first step of the stairs. The other two way switch is
installed at the upper part where the stair ends.
2. The light point is provided between first and last stair at an adequate location and height if the
light is switched on by the lower switch. It can be switched off by the switch at the Top or vice
versa.
3. The circuit can be used at the places like bed room where the person may not have to Travel
for switching off the light to the place from where the light is switched on.
4. Two numbers of two-way switches are used for the purpose. The supply is given to the switch
at the short circuited terminals.
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5. The connection to the light point is taken from the similar short circuited terminal of the
Second switch. Order two independent terminals of each circuit are connected through Cables.
Procedure:
1. Give the connections as per the circuit diagram.
2. Verify the connection
3. Switch on the supply
4. Verify the conditions
Switch s1 Switch 2 States
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8. Load test on three phase induction motor
Apparatus Required
Slno Apparatus Specification range Quantity
1 Voltmeter 0-500V
2 Ammeter 0-10A
3 Wattmeter 2500W,250/500V,10/20A
4 Autotransformer
5 Load 3 phase resistive load
3kw
Theory:refer basic electrical technology by B.L.Thearaj Volume II
Circuit diagram
Nature of graph
22. Basic Electrical Engineering Laboratory,18EEL17/27
Department of Electrical & Electronics ,S.T.J.I.T.Rnr ,SRM AP Page 22
Procedure
1. Connection are made as for circuit diagram
2. Keeping load switch is in open position close the supply switch run the 3 phase induction
motor with the help of 3 phase autotransformer by applying rated voltage
4. Now close the load switch apply the load in steps up to rated current of induction motor and
note down corresponding readings
5. Discharge the load in steps open the load switch by reducing supply voltages open supply
switch
6. Plot the graph of speed efficiency power factor and torque against output power
V in
volts
I in
amps
W1
in
watts
W2
in
watts
Pin
watts
Pout
in
watts
N in
rpm
Torque Cos
pi
%efficiency
pout/pin
F1
In
kg
F2
in
kg
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DEMONSTRATION EXPERIMENT
Demonstration of fuse, MCB by creating a fault.
Apparatus required
Slno Apparatus Specification Range Quantity
1 Ammeter 0-5/10A
2 Voltmeter 0-250V
3 Fuse element Lead tin/copper
4 Load Resitive
Theory : refer basic electrical technology by B.L.Thearaj Volume II
Circuit diagram
Procedure
1) Connection are made as for circuit diagram
2) Switch on DPST switch
3) Apply load till fuse element burn or rated current of fuse element
4) Identify the burning or breaking of fuse element
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Miniature circuit breaker
Procedure similar as fuse element
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Text Books:
1. Basic Electrical Engineering, D C Kulshreshtha, Tata McGraw Hill, Revised First Edition..
2. Principles of Electrical Engineering & Electronics, V.K. Mehta, Rohit Mehta, S.Chand,
Publications
3. .Fundamentals of Electrical Engineering and Electronic, B. L. Theraja, S. Chand & Company
Ltd, Reprint Edition 2013.