Barton On Sea Cliff Collapse
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The document discusses the causes and consequences of cliff collapse in Barton-on-Sea, Hampshire. The cliffs face southwest winds and storms from the sea, causing around 2 meters of erosion each year due to wave power. The cliffs are made of permeable and impermeable rocks, and two small streams flow over permeable land next to the cliffs. Coastal erosion has been exacerbated by a long history of sea level rise and urban development on top of the cliffs.
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The document summarizes various geographic features seen on two trips in the area, including Mormon rocks formed by ancient rivers and earthquakes, granular rocks showing changes over time, a stream bed and San Andreas fault caused by tectonic plates, cinder cones and lava flows from volcanoes, fossil falls from melting glaciers, petroglyphs and house rings from native Americans, metate holes from rocks in rivers, and Mt. Whitney being the highest point in the US. It also discusses Diaz Lake formed by an earthquake, Manzanar housing Japanese immigrants, tufa rocks in Mono Lake, hot springs heated by volcanoes, Convict Lake from glaciers, and mines, lakes, and power generation sites
Coastal Processes on the Holderness Coast
1) The UK coastline has been divided into coastal cells and sub-cells to simplify understanding coastal processes. The East Riding coastline is designated as sub-cell 2a.
2) Cliff erosion along the East Riding coast is complex and dynamic, driven by random wave and tidal forces. Erosion produces sediment that is sorted and transported south by these coastal processes. Beach levels fluctuate in response, impacting erosion rates.
3) Erosion occurs in four zones - the cliff face, nearshore beach, offshore clay face, and protected offshore seabed. Cliff erosion averages 1.7m/year while offshore erosion likely matches this rate, totaling around 3 million cubic meters of erosion
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The Gulf of Maine began forming 190 million years ago when the supercontinent Pangea broke up. By 50 million years ago, Pangea had fully broken apart and the Gulf of Maine had taken its current location. The second major event was 18,000 years ago when the Laurentide Ice Sheet advanced into the Gulf of Maine, depositing rocks and shaping the seafloor as it retreated 13,000 years ago. These two geologic events of continental breakup and glacial activity helped form the underwater landscape of the Gulf of Maine.
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2. Sea wall - To act as a hard barrier protecting the town from wave attack and sea level rise.
3. Beach replenishment - To replace sediment lost from the beach through coastal processes, maintaining a wide beach as protection.
4. Planting marram grass - To stabilise sand dunes and prevent/slow blowouts, protecting the hinterland from flooding and erosion.
5. Offshore breakwaters - To reduce wave energy reaching the shore by causing waves to break
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The Holderness Coast in eastern England is eroding rapidly, losing an average of 2 meters per year to the North Sea. Over the past 6,000 years, more than 30 villages have been lost to coastal erosion as waves batter the soft boulder clay cliffs. The cliffs are prone to collapse as rainwater enters cracks and causes the clay material to slump down onto narrow beaches that offer little protection from wave energy due to longshore drift carrying away sediment. Various erosional processes such as wetting and drying of cliffs, storm waves attacking the shoreline, and longshore drift reducing beach size threaten the remaining villages along the Holderness Coast.
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2) Cliff erosion along the East Riding coast is complex and dynamic, driven by random wave and tidal forces. Erosion produces sediment that is sorted and transported south by these coastal processes. Beach levels fluctuate in response, impacting erosion rates.
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The factors that have led to the Holderness coast suffering from erosion and the potential costs of this eroding coastline. Perfect for AS Level Geography.
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The Holderness Coastline in eastern England has some of the fastest erosion rates in Europe, averaging around 2 meters per year. The geology of the area, consisting of soft glacial till deposited over 12,000 years ago, is highly erodible and is being rapidly worn away by the sea. The village of Mappleton provides a case study of coastal management efforts, where rock groynes were constructed in 1991 to reduce erosion, but have shifted the erosion problem further south. Spurn Point at the southern end of the coastline consists of material deposited by longshore drift and acts as a barrier, though its position is now fixed through artificial defenses.
Hydrology
- 97% of Earth's water is salt water found in oceans and seas, while only 3% is freshwater. Most freshwater is frozen in glaciers and polar ice caps.
- Water cycles between the hydrosphere (oceans, lakes, rivers, atmosphere, and land) through the processes of evaporation, transpiration, condensation, and precipitation. This is known as the water or hydrologic cycle.
- The document discusses the water cycle in detail and provides examples of how it can be observed, such as through the formation and evaporation of puddles. It also defines the four processes involved and how they work.
2. barton on sea v3
This document compares the hard engineering strategies used at Barton on Sea to protect its coastline from erosion. It discusses the use of wooden and rock groynes as well as rock revetments to protect the toe of coastal slopes. While the revetment has been largely successful in holding the line, there have been some collapses within the slope system in 1975, 1993 and 2016. Boreholes will be drilled to better understand subsurface movement. In contrast, the coastline at Naish Cliff has not implemented engineering solutions due to the high cost and potential damage to the geological SSSI site.
"Know your water table" for IEEE Abhivyakti'14
This document discusses an app called "Know Your Water Table" that provides information about water tables. It would use a mobile device's location to access data from ISRO Bhuvan Earth Observation System and Central Ground Water Board of India to give a live feed of the current water table status for a location. It would also maintain an archive of past water table data to allow for comparisons over time or between locations. The app is intended for mobile users in India and would be available on Android and iOS platforms. It aims to provide basic information about water tables to help users understand local water table levels and estimate bore depths needed to access water.
Holocene sea level change
Sea levels have changed dynamically throughout the Holocene epoch due to the interplay between absolute sea level changes and vertical land movement. As ice sheets melted after the last glacial period, sea levels rose globally from -130m to current levels through a combination of glacio-eustatic sea level rise and local glacio-isostatic land rebound and subsidence. Records of past sea level changes are reconstructed from dated geological indicators to develop sea level curves. Interpreting these indicators requires understanding their relationship to contemporaneous tide levels.
Coastal Erosion And Management On The North Norfolk
Photos from various points along the N Norfolk coastline and details on the management strategies in place.
Case study of a squatter settlement – kibera, nairobi
This document provides information about the Kibera shanty town in Nairobi, Kenya. It describes the characteristics of Kibera, including that it is located on marshland that floods and houses between 800,000-1 million people in an extremely dense area. Living conditions are poor, with makeshift housing and limited access to water and sanitation. Attempts have been made to improve conditions, such as providing more affordable housing, electricity, water, and sanitation, but progress is slow. There is ongoing debate around whether Kibera represents a "slum of hope" or "despair."
3.4.2 Human Causes And Consequences Of Mass Movement V2
1. Human causes of mass movement include deforestation, building on steep slopes, road construction, and other activities that cause slope instability.
2. A specific case study from Indonesia in 2007 illustrates the consequences of human-induced mass movement, including deaths and damage from landslides caused by deforestation.
3. Responses to the Indonesian landslides included search and rescue efforts and calls to address the human causes of instability through reforestation and restricting building on steep slopes.
Revision booklet 2015 OCR B Geography
This document provides revision materials for a GCSE Geography exam, including key themes, contact information, and resources. It covers topics like rivers, coasts, and landforms. For rivers, it outlines landforms like V-shaped valleys, waterfalls, meanders, and floodplains. For coasts, it discusses landforms including headlands, bays, wave-cut platforms, and beaches. It also provides case studies, definitions of geographic terms, and exam practice questions.
Ground Water (Unit-V)
The document discusses groundwater sources, zones, and types of aquifers. It describes the saturated and unsaturated zones, including the soil water, intermediate vadose, and capillary fringe zones. The main types of aquifers are defined as aquifer, aquitard, aquiclude, and aquifuge based on their water transmission properties. Methods of artificial groundwater recharge include direct surface techniques like flooding basins and percolation tanks, and direct subsurface techniques like injection wells.
Water Resources Power Point Presentation
This document provides an overview of water resources and ways to conserve water. It discusses how water is used by humans for agriculture, industry, households and recreation. It notes that fresh water supplies are under threat from rising demand. The document outlines some good and bad ways people use water, and proposes conservation tips like taking shorter showers, fixing leaks, and running dishwashers only with full loads. It includes links to videos about saving water and the environmental crisis.
Water conservation ppt
The document discusses water conservation and provides simple ways to conserve water. It explains that water conservation is important because people use fresh water faster than it can be naturally replenished. Some tips include only running full dishwashers and washing machines, adjusting sprinklers to avoid watering paved areas, watering lawns in the morning or evening to reduce evaporation, and washing produce in a pan of water instead of running the tap.
Viewers also liked (19)
Coastal Erosion And Management On The North Norfolk
Coastal Erosion And Management On The North Norfolk
Case study of a squatter settlement – kibera, nairobi
Case study of a squatter settlement – kibera, nairobi
3.4.2 Human Causes And Consequences Of Mass Movement V2
3.4.2 Human Causes And Consequences Of Mass Movement V2
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Tourism is the main economic driver for the islands of St. Kitts and Nevis and Tenerife. It has largely replaced former industries like sugar production and brought economic benefits through job creation and revenue. However, overdependence on tourism leaves the economies vulnerable to downturns and tourism has also caused environmental issues through pollution, overdevelopment, and stress on resources.
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The coastal zone is defined as the narrow contact area between land and sea that is constantly changing due to land, air, and marine processes. Waves are often the dominant process shaping many coastlines. Key coastal landforms include bays, sand dunes, islands, groynes, caves, lagoons, headlands/points, and oil wells.
Tourism and development presentations
Tourism is a major industry in Thailand, contributing around 6.7% to GDP. Thailand's tropical climate and beaches, cultural sites like temples and palaces, and cities like Bangkok and Phuket attract over 11.5 million international tourists annually. However, events like the 2004 tsunami, bird flu outbreaks, and 2011 floods have caused temporary declines. While tourism drives economic growth and development, efforts are made to promote responsible tourism that respects local communities and minimizes environmental impacts.
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Y12 energy presentations
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Tropical rainforests are located near the equator. They are important because they support high levels of biodiversity and regulate the climate. Tropical rainforest structure consists of multiple canopy layers with few resources in the soil. Nutrients cycle rapidly through the system as vegetation dies and decomposes, returning nutrients to the soil. Plants are adapted to compete for limited sunlight and nutrients with features like buttresses, prop roots, and rapid growth.
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Group work involves forming a team, establishing norms, and performing tasks together. Effective groups make rules for participation, define member roles like spokesperson and timekeeper, and use thinking frameworks to consider issues from different perspectives. They also decide on a voting system to make decisions as a team.
City landuse
This document discusses a settlement related to Y7 in the city and includes a list of numbers from 1 to 10. It does not provide enough contextual information to generate a more detailed 3 sentence summary.
Intro pics globalisation
Globalisation refers to the increasing integration of economies around the world, particularly through trade and financial flows. It involves the removal of barriers between national borders and the increasing flow of goods, services, capital, data and people across international borders. Globalisation has increased economic interdependence between countries and accelerated economic activity and cultural exchange on a global scale.
Tourism Presentations
The document provides background information on tourism in Thailand. Some key points:
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The document outlines the personalized learning approach at a school. It discusses what the school, teachers, and pupils do to support personalized learning. The school provides flexible subject options, enrichment programs, leadership opportunities, and individualized education plans. Teachers vary their teaching styles, differentiate instruction, encourage thinking skills, and monitor student progress. Pupils organize themselves, apply skills across subjects, take responsibility for their learning, and become independent learners.
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Pupils are given extra responsibilities in group work such as time keeper, facilitator, and resource manager to encourage participation. Questioning techniques like think-pair-share are employed to boost engagement. Peer assessment and allowing time for student review of essays reduces marking workload while improving learning. Various ICT tools are utilized for classroom management and instruction including interactive whiteboards, timers, and student-led computer activities. Students are also engaged through managing resources, leading class activities, explaining concepts to peers, and being given extra processing time. The overall approach is for teachers to do less direct teaching and demand more independent work and learning from students.
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- 3. 2008 photo (after collapse)
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