Baroque architecture began in the early 1600s in Rome and spread across Europe, characterized by dramatic shapes and motifs. Key features included spiral columns, domes, rounded arches, and painted ceilings with gold. The style was popular for churches and palaces and encouraged by the Catholic Church. Rococo architecture emerged later as a more ornate style using elaborate curves, shells, leaves, and asymmetry with light colors. Examples include the Hermitage Winter Palace and Smolny Cathedral in St. Petersburg as well as the Wieskirche in Bavaria. Both styles marked a shift from classical to more expressive designs.