Background: Radio and television are two strong mass media in the present world. Due to
the technological development, programs of many international media are now available
in Bangladesh with the help of satellite technology. All the radio and television of modern
world air/broadcast creative programs from other sources in addition to their own
productions. This trend helps create a competitive platform for producing creative and
quality programs. Beside radio and television, online newspaper and radio and television
have also gained popularity among common people.
1. Bangladesh currently lacks a comprehensive Broadcasting Policy to regulate its growing broadcast media landscape which now includes over 10 TV channels and radio stations.
2. A Broadcasting Policy is needed to promote culture and values, ensure economic interests and national sovereignty, and make sure media fulfills social responsibilities, while also protecting freedom of expression.
3. The policy should maximize the positive impacts of media and minimize negative impacts. It should provide guidelines around content, ownership rules to prevent monopolies, and address consumer complaints. Having one overall policy is preferable to separate laws for different media types.
Development communication aims to improve quality of life through programs that address health, education, and social and economic development. It is a participatory process that empowers people to gain greater control over their environment and advance socially and materially. Effective development communication informs, instructs, inspires, insists on, and involves people to bring about positive social change and address issues like poverty, disease, education, and infrastructure. It communicates development messages and supports development planning and implementation to improve people's lives in a sustainable way without harming the environment.
This document discusses community radio, its purpose and role. It defines community radio as radio stations that are operated and influenced by the communities they serve, are non-profit, and provide content relevant to local audiences. Community radio aims to raise awareness, support development, and help during disasters. It focuses on social welfare, education, empowerment, health, conservation, and agriculture. Features include being non-profit, encouraging community participation, and using affordable technology. Community radio plays a role in public discourse, radical democracy, collective action, raising consciousness, and shaping identity within globalization. Issues include access, participation, and self-management through democratic structures.
Bangladesh has a mix of print, broadcast, and online media. Print media includes many newspapers published in Dhaka and elsewhere. State-owned television and radio channels exist alongside private broadcasters. Electronic and internet media are growing rapidly, with social media playing an important role. However, the government maintains some control and restrictions over media, and freedom of the press has faced challenges at various points due to censorship and harassment of journalists. Overall the media landscape is expanding but still navigates a restrictive policy environment at times.
The document discusses the impact of the internet on global communication. It notes that the convergence of computing and telecommunications has revolutionized international information exchange. The internet emerged from US military research in the 1960s and its development exploded with the establishment of the World Wide Web in 1989. The internet allows for instantaneous and inexpensive exchange of text, sound, and pictures globally through email, social media, video conferencing and more. This has significantly impacted business communication, intercultural communication, interpersonal communication, social networking, and political communication worldwide.
Development communication involves the strategic use of communication to promote socially beneficial goals. It represents communication at a macro level to facilitate national development, while development support communication applies at a micro level to specific community development programs. Key aspects of development communication include using opinion leaders and various communication channels to raise awareness and influence attitudes in support of development initiatives, while also addressing factors like culture, education, and participation that can influence change. Planning development communication campaigns involves understanding cognitive, emotional and behavioral aspects as well as techniques like persuasion and addressing potential resistance to change.
1. Bangladesh currently lacks a comprehensive Broadcasting Policy to regulate its growing broadcast media landscape which now includes over 10 TV channels and radio stations.
2. A Broadcasting Policy is needed to promote culture and values, ensure economic interests and national sovereignty, and make sure media fulfills social responsibilities, while also protecting freedom of expression.
3. The policy should maximize the positive impacts of media and minimize negative impacts. It should provide guidelines around content, ownership rules to prevent monopolies, and address consumer complaints. Having one overall policy is preferable to separate laws for different media types.
Development communication aims to improve quality of life through programs that address health, education, and social and economic development. It is a participatory process that empowers people to gain greater control over their environment and advance socially and materially. Effective development communication informs, instructs, inspires, insists on, and involves people to bring about positive social change and address issues like poverty, disease, education, and infrastructure. It communicates development messages and supports development planning and implementation to improve people's lives in a sustainable way without harming the environment.
This document discusses community radio, its purpose and role. It defines community radio as radio stations that are operated and influenced by the communities they serve, are non-profit, and provide content relevant to local audiences. Community radio aims to raise awareness, support development, and help during disasters. It focuses on social welfare, education, empowerment, health, conservation, and agriculture. Features include being non-profit, encouraging community participation, and using affordable technology. Community radio plays a role in public discourse, radical democracy, collective action, raising consciousness, and shaping identity within globalization. Issues include access, participation, and self-management through democratic structures.
Bangladesh has a mix of print, broadcast, and online media. Print media includes many newspapers published in Dhaka and elsewhere. State-owned television and radio channels exist alongside private broadcasters. Electronic and internet media are growing rapidly, with social media playing an important role. However, the government maintains some control and restrictions over media, and freedom of the press has faced challenges at various points due to censorship and harassment of journalists. Overall the media landscape is expanding but still navigates a restrictive policy environment at times.
The document discusses the impact of the internet on global communication. It notes that the convergence of computing and telecommunications has revolutionized international information exchange. The internet emerged from US military research in the 1960s and its development exploded with the establishment of the World Wide Web in 1989. The internet allows for instantaneous and inexpensive exchange of text, sound, and pictures globally through email, social media, video conferencing and more. This has significantly impacted business communication, intercultural communication, interpersonal communication, social networking, and political communication worldwide.
Development communication involves the strategic use of communication to promote socially beneficial goals. It represents communication at a macro level to facilitate national development, while development support communication applies at a micro level to specific community development programs. Key aspects of development communication include using opinion leaders and various communication channels to raise awareness and influence attitudes in support of development initiatives, while also addressing factors like culture, education, and participation that can influence change. Planning development communication campaigns involves understanding cognitive, emotional and behavioral aspects as well as techniques like persuasion and addressing potential resistance to change.
The document discusses various media conglomerates including their business activities and subsidiaries. It provides information on AT&T, Sony, Time Warner, and Viacom - four major media conglomerates that operate across different sectors like telecommunications, consumer electronics, entertainment, cable TV, broadcasting, publishing, movies and video games. The conglomerates own numerous brands and subsidiaries across these sectors.
Sensationalism in News (Pakistan and India)Rana Athar
The document discusses sensationalism in Pakistani media. It defines sensationalism as a style of reporting news that uses fear, anger, and excitement to increase viewership and profits rather than providing accurate information. The document argues that Pakistani media frequently focuses on superficial or sensational details of stories rather than broader issues. It provides several examples of how Pakistani media has exaggerated or misreported issues, potentially damaging national interests or people's reputations. The document concludes by suggesting limiting media exposure and choosing news sources carefully to avoid the negative effects of sensationalism.
This document discusses the issue of paid news in Indian media. It defines paid news as media coverage or content that is paid for by political parties or corporations. Paid news undermines democracy by misinforming the public and using money to influence elections. It has become widespread and highly organized in India. Several cases of paid news are also discussed from recent elections. Potential measures to address the problem include strengthening regulations, increasing transparency, and educating the public.
The document summarizes the history and recommendations of the two Press Commissions established by the Government of India. The First Press Commission was formed in 1952 under Justice J.S. Rajadhyaksha to inquire into the state of the press in India. It submitted its report in 1954 with recommendations like establishing a Press Council and appointing a wage board for working journalists. The Second Press Commission was formed in 1978 under Justice P.C. Goswami and Justice K.K. Mathew. Its 1982 report recommended that the press should be accessible to all and accountable to society, act as a liaison between the government and people, and the formation of a Newspaper Development Commission.
What do you mean by electronic media? Discuss the structure of electronic med...Md. Sajjat Hossain
Rapid communication through latest technology has facilitated speedy information
gathering and dissemination and this has become an essential part of the modern
society. It was Marshall McLuhan who said that electronic technology is reshaping
and restructuring patterns of social interdependence and every aspect of our
personal life. Extraordinary information explosion have dramatically shrunk time
and distance and have converted our world into a Global Village. Electronic media
have transformed communication and our ability to share, store and gain
information and knowledge.
Electronic media
Electronic media are media that use electronics or electromechanical audience to
access the content.
Electronic media is the media that one can share on any electronic device for the
audiences viewing, unlike static media (Printing) electronic media is broadcasted
to the wider community.
[https://www.skillmaker.edu.au/what-is-electronic-media/]
Electronic media typically refers to information (speeches, documentaries,
interviews, advertisements, daily news, financial reports, etc.) distributed through
radio and television.
Structure of a Typical Radio Station
PEMRA is responsible for regulating Pakistan's electronic media and issuing broadcast licenses. It was established in 2002 to encourage private electronic media and break the state's monopoly. PEMRA issues codes of conduct for broadcasters and cable operators regarding programs and advertisements. The codes prohibit content that is obscene, promotes violence or hatred, defames individuals/groups, or contradicts Islamic values. However, PEMRA is not fully independent as its chairman is appointed by the president and many members are government officials.
Communication & national devlopment approach by Wilbur SchrammSurbhi Shubham
Wilbur Schramm proposed using mass media to promote development in underdeveloped countries in the 1960s. He believed the media could hasten processes like increasing agriculture, health, and literacy. Schramm saw the need for a guide on how countries could optimize media for development. His work helped establish the important role of communication in political and economic development in emerging nations in Asia, Africa, Latin America, and the Middle East. He asserted that media could explain goals, raise aspirations, and create a climate for national development.
This document discusses PEMRA (Pakistan Electronic Media Regulatory Authority), its objectives, regulatory framework, need for regulation, categories of licenses, terms and conditions of licenses, and economic contribution of electronic media in Pakistan. PEMRA was established in 2002 to improve standards of information, education, and entertainment for people in Pakistan through various media like TV, radio, etc. It regulates establishment and operation of licensees and has formulated rules for licensing and functioning of different types of electronic media. PEMRA aims to safeguard national values while ensuring plurality.
Radio formats refer to the overall content broadcast on a radio station. There are many formats designed to reach specific audience segments based on demographics like age, ethnicity, and background. Popular formats include talk shows, interviews, and phone-in programs. Talk shows usually feature a host interviewing guests on various topics in segments separated by advertisements or music. Interviews can be opinion-based or informational, and require preparation, rehearsal, and knowledge of the subject. Phone-in programs allow listeners to share opinions on discussed topics by calling in. Effective radio interviews and phone-in programs require organization and an engaging host who can share the spotlight and promote guests.
what is folk media, genesis, characteristics and significance of folk media in development context, contribution of folk media in development of the society, limitations of mass media, advantages of folk media, comparison of folk media with electronic media.
Talk radio continues to attract a large audience of voters and active consumers who seek discussions of important issues ignored by other media. Radio has immediacy and intimacy as a real-time medium with staying power. The document discusses the differences between AM and FM radio stations and their uses, with AM hosting most talk shows due to lower production costs but poorer sound quality, while FM carries some talk and is less prone to interference. It also defines elements of talk radio like listener call-ins and advertising segments, and offers tips for speaking on radio like using plain language and vivid descriptions to aid comprehension.
Government schemes in india for developmentabin ab
The document discusses several key government schemes in India for development:
- The Kheda Communications Project aimed to develop local communication in Gujarat's Kheda district through educational television programs involving local audiences from 1975-1990.
- The Jhabua Development Communications Project uses satellite communication to broadcast development programs and training to rural and tribal communities in Madhya Pradesh.
- Aadhaar is India's biometric identity system administered by UIDAI, which has issued over 1.19 billion unique 12-digit ID numbers to Indian residents based on biometrics and demographics.
- SITE was a 1975 experimental satellite program jointly launched by NASA and ISRO to provide educational television to rural India and
The presentation explains about the Mass Media scenario, its Social responsibility and the phenomena of commercialization in Mass Media.theory, Change, Entertainment
This document provides definitions and explanations of key concepts related to rural journalism, sociology, development, and media. Rural journalism is defined as the collection, writing, editing and presentation of news from rural areas. Rural sociology studies social structures and conflicts in rural communities. Development aims to improve quality of life by empowering local communities. Problems facing developing nations include structural constraints like geography and access to markets. The media plays an important role in development by exposing issues, influencing policy, and empowering citizens.
Apex Bodies of Public Relations(in india and Internationally)Amrita Ghosh
The document discusses two apex bodies for public relations - the International Public Relations Association (IPRA) and the Public Relations Society of India (PRSI).
IPRA was established in 1955 to promote information exchange and cooperation among PR professionals globally. It has over 700 members from 80 countries and codes of conduct to guide ethical practice. PRSI was formed in 1958 as India's national PR body, with over 3000 members across 40 chapters. It aims to improve PR standards in India through training and upholding codes of ethics. Both organizations work to advance the profession through international cooperation, conferences, and recognition of excellence in the field.
Media conglomerates are large corporations that own many types of mass media assets such as movies, music, publishing, television networks, and websites. They range in size from multinational companies like General Electric and News Corp to smaller firms like Hearst Corporation. Many media conglomerates face criticism for concentrating ownership and potentially biasing content, while defenders argue they are meeting global consumer demand. The largest conglomerates include General Electric, Walt Disney Company, News Corp, Time Warner, Viacom, Bertelsmann AG, and Sony.
Participation is the act of participating, or being related to a larger whole.
Participation means the act of sharing, involving in any activity.
Another word for this is involvement. A person can enjoy participation in a club, a celebration, or even a conversation
Community radio can support small farming in several ways. It can broadcast programs on agriculture topics to educate small farmers. For example, one community radio station in Bangladesh broadcasts a daily 30-minute program on agriculture topics. It can also help connect small farmers to resources and markets. Community radio is an effective way to promote positive social change in rural communities.
The document discusses various media conglomerates including their business activities and subsidiaries. It provides information on AT&T, Sony, Time Warner, and Viacom - four major media conglomerates that operate across different sectors like telecommunications, consumer electronics, entertainment, cable TV, broadcasting, publishing, movies and video games. The conglomerates own numerous brands and subsidiaries across these sectors.
Sensationalism in News (Pakistan and India)Rana Athar
The document discusses sensationalism in Pakistani media. It defines sensationalism as a style of reporting news that uses fear, anger, and excitement to increase viewership and profits rather than providing accurate information. The document argues that Pakistani media frequently focuses on superficial or sensational details of stories rather than broader issues. It provides several examples of how Pakistani media has exaggerated or misreported issues, potentially damaging national interests or people's reputations. The document concludes by suggesting limiting media exposure and choosing news sources carefully to avoid the negative effects of sensationalism.
This document discusses the issue of paid news in Indian media. It defines paid news as media coverage or content that is paid for by political parties or corporations. Paid news undermines democracy by misinforming the public and using money to influence elections. It has become widespread and highly organized in India. Several cases of paid news are also discussed from recent elections. Potential measures to address the problem include strengthening regulations, increasing transparency, and educating the public.
The document summarizes the history and recommendations of the two Press Commissions established by the Government of India. The First Press Commission was formed in 1952 under Justice J.S. Rajadhyaksha to inquire into the state of the press in India. It submitted its report in 1954 with recommendations like establishing a Press Council and appointing a wage board for working journalists. The Second Press Commission was formed in 1978 under Justice P.C. Goswami and Justice K.K. Mathew. Its 1982 report recommended that the press should be accessible to all and accountable to society, act as a liaison between the government and people, and the formation of a Newspaper Development Commission.
What do you mean by electronic media? Discuss the structure of electronic med...Md. Sajjat Hossain
Rapid communication through latest technology has facilitated speedy information
gathering and dissemination and this has become an essential part of the modern
society. It was Marshall McLuhan who said that electronic technology is reshaping
and restructuring patterns of social interdependence and every aspect of our
personal life. Extraordinary information explosion have dramatically shrunk time
and distance and have converted our world into a Global Village. Electronic media
have transformed communication and our ability to share, store and gain
information and knowledge.
Electronic media
Electronic media are media that use electronics or electromechanical audience to
access the content.
Electronic media is the media that one can share on any electronic device for the
audiences viewing, unlike static media (Printing) electronic media is broadcasted
to the wider community.
[https://www.skillmaker.edu.au/what-is-electronic-media/]
Electronic media typically refers to information (speeches, documentaries,
interviews, advertisements, daily news, financial reports, etc.) distributed through
radio and television.
Structure of a Typical Radio Station
PEMRA is responsible for regulating Pakistan's electronic media and issuing broadcast licenses. It was established in 2002 to encourage private electronic media and break the state's monopoly. PEMRA issues codes of conduct for broadcasters and cable operators regarding programs and advertisements. The codes prohibit content that is obscene, promotes violence or hatred, defames individuals/groups, or contradicts Islamic values. However, PEMRA is not fully independent as its chairman is appointed by the president and many members are government officials.
Communication & national devlopment approach by Wilbur SchrammSurbhi Shubham
Wilbur Schramm proposed using mass media to promote development in underdeveloped countries in the 1960s. He believed the media could hasten processes like increasing agriculture, health, and literacy. Schramm saw the need for a guide on how countries could optimize media for development. His work helped establish the important role of communication in political and economic development in emerging nations in Asia, Africa, Latin America, and the Middle East. He asserted that media could explain goals, raise aspirations, and create a climate for national development.
This document discusses PEMRA (Pakistan Electronic Media Regulatory Authority), its objectives, regulatory framework, need for regulation, categories of licenses, terms and conditions of licenses, and economic contribution of electronic media in Pakistan. PEMRA was established in 2002 to improve standards of information, education, and entertainment for people in Pakistan through various media like TV, radio, etc. It regulates establishment and operation of licensees and has formulated rules for licensing and functioning of different types of electronic media. PEMRA aims to safeguard national values while ensuring plurality.
Radio formats refer to the overall content broadcast on a radio station. There are many formats designed to reach specific audience segments based on demographics like age, ethnicity, and background. Popular formats include talk shows, interviews, and phone-in programs. Talk shows usually feature a host interviewing guests on various topics in segments separated by advertisements or music. Interviews can be opinion-based or informational, and require preparation, rehearsal, and knowledge of the subject. Phone-in programs allow listeners to share opinions on discussed topics by calling in. Effective radio interviews and phone-in programs require organization and an engaging host who can share the spotlight and promote guests.
what is folk media, genesis, characteristics and significance of folk media in development context, contribution of folk media in development of the society, limitations of mass media, advantages of folk media, comparison of folk media with electronic media.
Talk radio continues to attract a large audience of voters and active consumers who seek discussions of important issues ignored by other media. Radio has immediacy and intimacy as a real-time medium with staying power. The document discusses the differences between AM and FM radio stations and their uses, with AM hosting most talk shows due to lower production costs but poorer sound quality, while FM carries some talk and is less prone to interference. It also defines elements of talk radio like listener call-ins and advertising segments, and offers tips for speaking on radio like using plain language and vivid descriptions to aid comprehension.
Government schemes in india for developmentabin ab
The document discusses several key government schemes in India for development:
- The Kheda Communications Project aimed to develop local communication in Gujarat's Kheda district through educational television programs involving local audiences from 1975-1990.
- The Jhabua Development Communications Project uses satellite communication to broadcast development programs and training to rural and tribal communities in Madhya Pradesh.
- Aadhaar is India's biometric identity system administered by UIDAI, which has issued over 1.19 billion unique 12-digit ID numbers to Indian residents based on biometrics and demographics.
- SITE was a 1975 experimental satellite program jointly launched by NASA and ISRO to provide educational television to rural India and
The presentation explains about the Mass Media scenario, its Social responsibility and the phenomena of commercialization in Mass Media.theory, Change, Entertainment
This document provides definitions and explanations of key concepts related to rural journalism, sociology, development, and media. Rural journalism is defined as the collection, writing, editing and presentation of news from rural areas. Rural sociology studies social structures and conflicts in rural communities. Development aims to improve quality of life by empowering local communities. Problems facing developing nations include structural constraints like geography and access to markets. The media plays an important role in development by exposing issues, influencing policy, and empowering citizens.
Apex Bodies of Public Relations(in india and Internationally)Amrita Ghosh
The document discusses two apex bodies for public relations - the International Public Relations Association (IPRA) and the Public Relations Society of India (PRSI).
IPRA was established in 1955 to promote information exchange and cooperation among PR professionals globally. It has over 700 members from 80 countries and codes of conduct to guide ethical practice. PRSI was formed in 1958 as India's national PR body, with over 3000 members across 40 chapters. It aims to improve PR standards in India through training and upholding codes of ethics. Both organizations work to advance the profession through international cooperation, conferences, and recognition of excellence in the field.
Media conglomerates are large corporations that own many types of mass media assets such as movies, music, publishing, television networks, and websites. They range in size from multinational companies like General Electric and News Corp to smaller firms like Hearst Corporation. Many media conglomerates face criticism for concentrating ownership and potentially biasing content, while defenders argue they are meeting global consumer demand. The largest conglomerates include General Electric, Walt Disney Company, News Corp, Time Warner, Viacom, Bertelsmann AG, and Sony.
Participation is the act of participating, or being related to a larger whole.
Participation means the act of sharing, involving in any activity.
Another word for this is involvement. A person can enjoy participation in a club, a celebration, or even a conversation
Community radio can support small farming in several ways. It can broadcast programs on agriculture topics to educate small farmers. For example, one community radio station in Bangladesh broadcasts a daily 30-minute program on agriculture topics. It can also help connect small farmers to resources and markets. Community radio is an effective way to promote positive social change in rural communities.
Ravi Singh shares insights from his experience in the public broadcasting industry, highlighting how the rise of internet and mobile platforms, as well as social media applications, have transformed the television and new media broadcast industry. He also discusses Knowledge Network's role as British Columbia's public broadcaster and how it has adapted to the digital revolution by making its content available anytime, anywhere on multiple platforms and devices.
The South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) is an intergovernmental organization consisting of 8 member states in South Asia: Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, the Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka. SAARC was established in 1985 when its Charter was formally adopted, with the goal of promoting economic and social progress among the countries of South Asia. Key areas of cooperation include agriculture, rural development, science and technology, culture, and transportation.
Satellite communication uses satellites to relay radio signals between a source and receiver. There are over 2,000 communication satellites in orbit used by private and government organizations. The document discusses how satellite communication is used in Mongolia, noting that DDISHTV was established in 2008 to broadcast more television channels to rural areas using Ku-band technology and small satellite dishes. DDISHTV uses the Apstar 5 and Telstar 18 satellites to broadcast over 50,000 customers across Mongolia and parts of Asia.
This document summarizes a presentation given in Hanoi, Vietnam on digital broadcasting and spectrum arrangement. It provides an overview of television broadcasting in Vietnam, including the benefits of digitization for broadcasters and telecommunications. Vietnam's digital television roadmap is outlined, which involves transitioning from analog to digital television between 2011-2020. The document also discusses Vietnam's plans for allocating spectrum for digital television services and freeing up the digital dividend spectrum between 694-790 MHz for other broadband services after 2020.
Este documento establece las bases legales de un concurso organizado por Trasmediterranea para sortear entradas al partido del RCD Mallorca el 25 de marzo de 2017. Los participantes podrán optar al premio reaccionando a la publicación del concurso en Facebook de Trasmediterranea entre el 14 y 17 de marzo. Se sortearán 25 pares de entradas y los ganadores deberán enviar sus datos a Trasmediterranea para recoger las entradas entre el 23 y 24 de marzo.
TV, Radio and New Media Broadcasting Community of Practice, Erwin Verbruggen,...FIAT/IFTA
The document discusses challenges facing broadcast archives in preserving vast amounts of audiovisual media across different formats. It notes the diversity of thousands of broadcast organizations across countries with varying laws and digitization progress. Archives are shifting from tape to digital workflows and dealing with legacy formats while production moves increasingly online. The Presto4u project aims to help address these challenges through knowledge sharing, best practices, and community building among broadcast archives.
The media landscape in Bangladesh includes print, broadcast, and online outlets. While the constitution protects press freedom, the government places some restrictions. Print publications are privately owned and offer diverse views. Television is the main news source with over 100 channels, most privately owned. Radio includes state-run and private stations. Internet usage is growing, with many online newspapers. However, journalists face harassment and threats to freedom of the press, including some outlets being closed by the government.
This document summarizes key information about satellite communication. It begins by listing the group members and then defines what a satellite and communication are. It states that a communications satellite relays radio signals between transmitters and receivers on Earth via a transponder. It notes some key early satellites like Sputnik 1 and the parts of a typical satellite. The document outlines that satellites orbit due to gravity and provides details on the size, locations, and numbers of communication satellites operated by different countries. It concludes by mentioning Pakistan's communications satellites.
The document discusses new media and its history and impact. It defines new media as digital technologies like the internet, websites, and interactive content. New media allows on-demand access from any device and user interactivity. Examples mentioned include social media, CDs, DVDs, and digital technologies transforming old media. The rise of new media has led to increased media fragmentation and availability of content. New media has both positive impacts like more communication and negative impacts like manipulation. In Bangladesh, new media use has grown rapidly via internet and smartphones, influencing public opinion and protests.
(1) Television, radio, and newspapers dominated mass communication in the 20th century, but the rise of the internet has introduced networked communication as a new model.
(2) Networked communication is shaped by three forces: communicational globalization processes, new forms of mediation like self-mass communication and multimedia interpersonal communication, and different levels of interactivity.
(3) This new communicational paradigm is characterized by rhetoric based on moving images, new dynamics of accessibility and mobility, the social value of user-generated content, and the coexistence of different types of content and narratives.
The document discusses modern trends in broadcasting such as the transition from analog to digital television and radio. It explores questions around the future of broadcasting delivery systems and the impact of computers and the internet. Key points include the Philippines transitioning terrestrial television broadcasting from analog to digital by 2015, and digital television allowing for multicasting of multiple lower definition programs on a single channel. Modern trends in radio broadcasting discussed include terrestrial digital radio, satellite radio, internet radio, and podcasting.
Broadcast media refers to communication methods like television, radio, newspapers and magazines that supply media and press materials. Digital radio provides CD-quality sound and additional data transmission capabilities. Digital television offers standard, enhanced, and high definition formats and provides advantages like more channels, multimedia services, and improved audio/video quality over analog TV. Ebooks are electronic versions of printed books that can be read on computers or ebook readers, providing benefits such as adjustable fonts, searchability, and low distribution costs, but also disadvantages like incompatibility, higher prices than print books, and screen limitations compared to paper.
Satellite radio uses satellites to broadcast radio signals over a wide geographic area. It was pioneered in the 1990s to provide digital audio services to Africa and Asia. Two main players, Sirius and XM, launched geosynchronous satellites to broadcast over 150 commercial-free music and talk channels to vehicles and homes in North America. Satellite radio offers advantages over terrestrial radio like no commercials or signal interruptions, but requires a subscription fee and dedicated receiver. Its future outlook is positive as the technology integrates further into vehicles.
Television and radio provide advantages for advertisers but also have limitations. Television allows for high production quality commercials with sight, sound and motion to reach a mass audience, but has high costs and limited attention spans. Radio has lower costs but also has creative and audience fragmentation limitations. Both media are sold in time segments and have network and local options. New technologies like DVRs, cable, satellite and online media are changing how consumers experience traditional broadcast media.
This document summarizes the Small Optical User Terminal (SOUT) designed for optical communication between low Earth orbit and geostationary orbit satellites. The SOUT uses lasers for transmission and reception, with integrated transmitters, fine pointing loops to correct for disturbances, and an optical bench. It is compact in size at 200x200x150mm and has the potential to enable high-capacity intersatellite links with advantages over microwave technologies in terms of mass and power consumption.
Ministry of Information, Government of the People's Republic of Bangladesh has announced New Community Radio Installation Broadcast and Operation Policy 2017 by Bangladesh Gazette on 8 February 2018.
According to the preamble of Bangladesh Gazette, At the age of the enormous development of science and information technology the world turns to be a ‘Global Village’. It has been assumed that the importance of radio has declined at the age of the global domination of electronic media but in reality, the importance of radio hasn’t decreased in developed, developing & least developed countries. Moreover, radio is playing the vital role by its new initiatives of creative programming to develop education, culture, humanitarian values, and awareness for the cross-section of people of the society. In continuation of these realities, a number of community radios have been installed which are dedicated to the different grass root communities and population of the society of Bangladesh.
These radio stations, known as community radio have been operating in local dialects of the peripheral communities, and with their participation and management. Community Radios are engaged with the help of modern knowledge and technology to bring positive change in the society by local folk culture.
Mass media consists of various means of communicating information to large audiences like television, radio, newspapers, and the Internet. There are different types of mass media including print, cinema, radio, television, the Internet, and mobile phones. Mass media has important social responsibilities such as contributing to socialization, increasing awareness of issues, being fair and unbiased, supporting culture, condemning crimes, promoting education, giving voice to underrepresented groups, helping develop public opinion, assisting state development efforts, supporting democracy, and addressing public issues.
This document discusses communication and publicity strategies for agricultural censuses. It emphasizes that effective communication is essential to ensure public acceptance and cooperation. A communication strategy should identify target audiences, develop clear messages about the census purpose and confidentiality of data, and select appropriate communication channels. The strategy is implemented through a variety of tools like media events, advertising, training staff, and community meetings to educate respondents and promote participation. Monitoring coverage and feedback allows improving the strategy during census implementation.
This document discusses media and social issues in India. It notes that while India has seen significant development and social changes since 1947 that have increased awareness of issues facing the poor, women, and children, widespread poverty, illiteracy, inequality, and oppression still exist in the state of Bihar. It also discusses how the media in India has grown rapidly but often prioritizes profit over its potential role in social transformation. The document advocates for reforms like regulating media ownership to prevent monopolies and increasing support for community radio and television to expand access.
Mass media includes television, radio, newspapers, movies, and the internet. It has evolved over time from print to include newer forms of media like mobile phones and the internet. Mass media has an important social responsibility which includes contributing to socialization, raising awareness of issues, being fair and unbiased, supporting culture and education, giving voice to underrepresented groups, supporting democracy, and assisting with development efforts.
Census communication and publicity: Technical Session 16bFAO
The document discusses the importance of communication and publicity strategies for agricultural censuses. It notes that the main goals are to raise awareness of the census purpose and ensure cooperation from respondents. An effective strategy involves situational analysis, identifying target audiences, developing messages, selecting appropriate communication channels and tools, and implementing the plan over time. It provides examples of communication materials and channels used in Cambodia and Canada, emphasizing the role of various media, meetings, and promotional items in getting census messages to rural communities. Proper monitoring and sufficient budgets are also highlighted as important for evaluation and success.
The research proposal aims to examine the role and administrative issues of electronic media in Pakistan. Specifically, it seeks to determine whether current television shows educate the public or are made for financial gain. It also aims to assess the impact of competition and staff training on media organization performance. The conceptual framework shows how media influence and policy shape content like dramas and news, which can change audience behaviors and perceptions. The hypotheses predict relationships between media and issues like violence, time with family, and changing mindsets. The background provides context on the growth of electronic media in Pakistan and its role in information, entertainment, and advertising. It also discusses the regulatory body PEMRA and issues like negative content and influence of Western propaganda. The methodology will involve
Development communication involves using communication processes and media to promote social and economic development, especially in developing countries. It integrates strategic communication into development projects based on an understanding of local communities. Development communication aims to support development initiatives by disseminating messages that encourage public support. Some examples include informing people about projects, illustrating project benefits, and recommending support. Development communication is not just about informing but also engaging audiences and committing to public welfare. It plays an important role in India by educating people and fostering social integration to support national development goals.
This document provides an introduction and overview of a media advocacy toolkit developed by the Philippine NGO Council on Population, Health and Welfare Inc. to help media practitioners promote reproductive health, population, and sustainable development issues. The toolkit aims to enhance media skills in popularizing these topics through print and broadcast media. It discusses advocacy and the media's role as advocates, and provides tips on planning and producing development radio programs to raise awareness and influence policymakers and the public.
The document outlines a mid-term communications strategy for Yemen's National Dialogue Conference from April to July 2013. The strategy aims to 1) educate and mobilize citizens on the dialogue process and issues, 2) inform and conduct outreach, and 3) promote participation and engagement. Key activities include radio, TV, and online content production, workshops, and establishing feedback mechanisms. The strategy seeks to make the process inclusive and transparent to build public confidence and ownership of reforms.
This Youth Manifesto is a political document especially if we go by the definition of politics as “who gets what, when and how”. It arose out of youth consultative meetings country-wide.
This document discusses the role of free media in development goals. It notes that the World Press Freedom Day 2014 focused on shaping the post-2015 development agenda. Good governance is seen as key to achieving development goals, and free media is a prerequisite for good governance by ensuring transparency, accountability, and an informed public. Free media contributes to development goals by safeguarding freedom of speech and access to information. It also helps promote transparency in governance, which is another important component of good governance. However, Nepalese media still needs to be more transparent about its own funding sources to fulfill its role in ensuring transparency.
Training Manual for Youth Social Media Advocates YouthHubAfrica
YouthHubAfrica (YHA) to expand its reach to young Nigerians who are existing social media influencers and empower them with requisite skills and resources that will help them share information with other young persons within their communities and their social networks both online and offline.
The Youth Social Media Advocates (YSMA) program will build a community of young advocates who will use social media as an effective tool and strategy to raise awareness, share impact stories, and connect with relevant stakeholders to drive social change solely within the UNFPA Nigeria areas of works.
The document discusses the importance of developing an effective communication and publicity strategy for an agricultural census. It notes that the strategy should aim to raise awareness, ensure cooperation, and build trust. The key elements that should be addressed include: conducting a situation analysis; identifying target audiences such as rural populations and government; developing messages about the purpose and benefits of the census; selecting appropriate communication channels and promotional tools; and creating an implementation plan. An effective strategy using various media outlets, community engagement, and clear messaging is essential for obtaining an accurate census.
SAKIS-914 COMMUNITY RADIO STATION Modul By (Kedir Adem Mohammed).pdfssuser6997fb
it is good if it is possible to create favorable conditions to establish TV Park Mini media and community radio, which is one of the local media that can make information accessible to citizens.
Bangladesh NGOs Network for Radio and Communication (BNNRC) is in Special Consultative Status with the Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) accredited with World Summit on the Information Society (WSIS) of the United Nations and UN WSIS prize winner 2016 and Champion 2017. BNNRC's outreach extends to local, national and international forums for communicating Knowledge for Media.
BNNRC’s approach to media development is both knowledge-driven and context-sensitive, and it takes into account the challenges and opportunities created by the rapidly changing media environment in Bangladesh including community radio development giving voices for the voiceless.
BNNRC now strives for the following core interventions to contribute in achieving 7th five Years Plan of Government of Bangladesh, UN World Summit on the Information Society (UN WSIS) Action Plan, and UN Sustainable Development Goals (UN SDGs) through: Community Media Development (Community Radio & Community TV Community Film) for amplifying voices for the voiceless, Right to Information (RTI) for ensuring improved livelihood of the marginalized, ICT for Development for Bridging the Digital Divide in rural areas, Amateur Radio or HAM Radio for Disaster Risk Reduction, Community Film for Social Transformation.
BNNRC is actively working to improve recognition of the community electronic media sector (Community Radio, Community TV, Community Film) & its work in and involvement with the communities. BNNRC represent the community electronic media sector to Government, Industry, Regulatory Bodies, Media, Academia and Development Partners from 2000. BNNRC is supported by contributions from different development organizations worldwide who share a commitment in building a free, independent and pluralistic community media of voices for the voiceless.
BNNRC in August 2016 organized dialogues through community radios across the country for building capacity of the community radio broadcasters about their participation in line with Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). As part of its challenges, BNNRC held the participatory programs to enhance knowledge and awareness of the community radio broadcasters so that they could integrate SDGs agenda in their on-going programs. The initiative facilitated increased services in local communities about the opportunities for economic growth, challenges on environmental protection and the sustainable development for livelihood development.
The document provides a history of the development of public relations. It discusses how PR has evolved from early uses of persuasive communication by leaders to shape public opinion, to the modern practice of two-way communication, research, and strategic planning. Key developments included the professionalization of PR in the 1920s in the US, the growth of PR's role in politics and nation-building in the 20th century, and the rise of PR agencies and in-house corporate PR departments. The document also summarizes models of PR, such as press agentry, public information, two-way asymmetric, and two-way symmetric.
Analyzing the role of reporting; need and influence in the situation;Zarmeen Durrani
ANALYZING THE ROLE OF REPORTING; NEED AND INFLUENCE IN THE SITUATION
MEDIA CONTRIBUTION TO GOVERNMENT POLICY
USING MEDIA FOR HUMANITARIAN RESPONSES
EARLY WARNINGS
LOCAL MEDIA
COVERING CONFLICTS
“YOUTH AND ARMED CONFLICT: TO EXPRESS WITHOUT A FEAR, TO PROGRESS WITHOUT A T...Kebareileng Matlhape
The document is a declaration from the 15th Melaka International Youth Dialogue held in Malaysia from June 22-24, 2015. It was attended by 210 youth from 43 countries to discuss the theme of "Youth and Armed Conflict." The declaration notes that youth are disproportionately affected by armed conflicts and calls on public, private, and nonprofit sectors as well as media and youth themselves to take various actions to address the causes and impacts of armed conflicts and promote peace among nations and a conflict-free generation for youth. It recommends training government employees, developing policies to prevent conflict, ensuring youth involvement in decision-making, and other steps to protect youth rights and livelihoods.
Community radio in Bangladesh faces both prospects and challenges. There are now 14 community radio stations operating with 2 more soon to start. The key strategic objectives for community radio in Bangladesh are to create an enabling environment through supportive policy, build capacity of local officials, ensure community representation and ownership, and identify challenges to growth. Some challenges faced include unreliable electricity, lack of quality programming and trained staff, and socio-political pressures. Opportunities include government support for civil society and awareness of marginalized community rights. Annual reviews help stations improve community participation, skills, and address issues like unreliable electricity and staff turnover.
Similar to Bangladesh : National Broadcast Policy (English) (20)
Community radio stations provide essential services to local communities but face challenges in maximizing their impact. They must enhance broadcasters' skills in areas like digital technologies and integrating STEAM subjects into programming while avoiding online risks. Stations also need to accelerate ICT applications to benefit communities, introduce new formats like fact-checking and mobile journalism, and take a "training plus" approach to build multi-generational reach and sustain their role in serving the public interest.
The document discusses the history and evolution of community radio around the world from the experimental period in the 1900s-1940s to the current resurgence period from the 1990s to today. It then focuses on community radio in Bangladesh, highlighting strategies for women's empowerment, child development, and an inclusion strategy. Finally, it outlines requirements for community radio broadcasting to build a sustainable society, including focusing on capabilities, re-skilling broadcasters, using social media and websites, and using new formats and technologies like mobile journalism, infographics, and emerging technologies.
Journalists face unprecedented challenges covering COVID-19 accurately, fairly, and safely. They must verify facts, check sources, and combat misinformation on social media. Their stories must be based on truth and science, not opinions or speculation. Media should focus more on affected communities through an equity lens, help people adapt to the new normal, and accelerate use of technology. They must revisit ensuring timely, reliable information reaches the public to counter "infodemics" and support livelihoods. Further focus is needed on media guidelines for COVID-19, protecting journalists, pandemic reporting skills, and vaccine education.
The document discusses the role of community radio stations in Bangladesh in providing information to communities during the COVID-19 pandemic. It outlines objectives to animate collaboration between organizations and communities to maintain normal daily life and livelihoods during the initial response phase from March to May 2020. It then discusses adapting programming to build community resilience and cope with the "new normal" from June 2020 onward. Challenges facing community radio stations due to lost revenue are also described, as well as calls for government support to empower rural communities through a COVID-19 crisis fund, public health campaigns, and ensuring access to an existing social fund.
The document discusses the role of community radio stations in Bangladesh during the COVID-19 pandemic. It describes how stations developed awareness programs from March to May 2020 to protect lives and livelihoods. The objectives were to coordinate response efforts between organizations and keep daily life and livelihoods functioning. Moving forward, the focus is on building resilience and using technology to benefit communities. However, challenges increased as resources decreased due to cancelled advertising, grants, and other income sources. The document calls for government support through a COVID-19 crisis fund, using community radio for information campaigns, and ensuring access to a social obligatory fund to help stations remain viable in responding to disasters.
Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina said that her government is trying its best to provide support and mitigate hardship for unattended and vulnerable groups during the COVID-19 outbreak. She noted that there is a large population outside of societal attention currently and the government is trying various ways to minimize their suffering. The document outlines three principles for shaping responses to crises: viewing responses through an equity lens; focusing on enhancing people's capabilities; and following a coherent multidimensional approach. It also discusses roles for broadcasters during COVID-19 such as building knowledge, amplifying trusted information, increasing collective action, and exercising safety and security measures.
Right to Information Act, independent Information Commission,
private television channels, numerous community radios, print and electronic media including the online news portals, social
Election Manifesto 2018 communication media and the countrywide internet access have ensured the rights to information of the people by creating free flow of information, which is unprecedented.
3.30 FREEDOM OF THE MEDIA AND UNHINDERED FLOW OF
INFORMATION.
Awami League is committed to ensure the freedom of the media and unhindered flow of information. Unhindered freedom of the media has already been established in the light of Article 39 of the Constitution.
All the branches of the media have flourished on a large scale. The Election Manifesto 2018 country enjoys a free flow of information through 33 TV channels licensed), 16 FM Radios (28 licensed), 17 Community Radios licensed) and numerous newspapers and online news portals.
Right to Information Act, independent Information Commission,
private television channels, numerous community radios, print and electronic media including the online news portals, social
Election Manifesto 2018 communication media and the countrywide internet access have ensured the rights to information of the people by creating free flow of information, which is unprecedented.
3.30 FREEDOM OF THE MEDIA AND UNHINDERED FLOW OF
INFORMATION.
Awami League is committed to ensure the freedom of the media and unhindered flow of information. Unhindered freedom of the media has already been established in the light of Article 39 of the Constitution.
All the branches of the media have flourished on a large scale. The Election Manifesto 2018 country enjoys a free flow of information through 33 TV channels licensed), 16 FM Radios (28 licensed), 17 Community Radios licensed) and numerous newspapers and online news portals.
http://manifesto2018.albd.org/…/manife…/Manifesto-2018en.pdf
- Bangladesh NGOs Network for Radio and Communication (BNNRC) is a media development organization that specializes in campus radio and TV broadcasting.
- BNNRC aims to serve the educational, developmental, social, and cultural needs of campus communities through relevant sharing of information programs.
- The primary purposes are to involve community members in program production and broadcasting skills training to build capacity. This helps create inclusive knowledge societies and empowers university communities by increasing access to information.
- Bangladesh NGOs Network for Radio and Communication (BNNRC) is a media development organization that specializes in campus radio and TV broadcasting.
- BNNRC aims to serve the educational, developmental, social, and cultural needs of campus communities through relevant sharing of information programs.
- The primary purposes are to involve community members in program production and broadcasting skills training to build capacity. This helps create inclusive knowledge societies and empowers university communities by increasing access to information and knowledge.
SDGs Implementation Review (SIR) Report: Community Radio Broadcasting for Empowering Rural People for Achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in rural Bangladesh
This document provides information about the Bangladesh NGOs Network for Radio and Communication's (BNNRC) efforts to promote the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) through various media projects. BNNRC is a media development organization that works with the Ministry of Information in Bangladesh. It implements projects to increase reporting and awareness of the SDGs, raise awareness of barriers affecting the SDGs, and incorporate marginalized voices. Through capacity building, research, and technical support to media organizations, BNNRC aims to influence decision-makers and the public on the SDGs. BNNRC and other organizations are implementing several projects through 2020 focused on strengthening independent media, localizing the SDGs through community radio, improving journalism quality
Bangladesh - Least Developed Countries (LDCs) to Developing Country (DC): Sustainable Development Goals(SDG) & 7th Five Years Plan in line with Women and Children
Community Journalism and the Sustainable Development Goals SDG Reporting for Community Radio:
Engaging Community Radio for Achieving Sustainable Development Goals in Bangladesh
A new booklet on the best practices/success stories including the learning and experiences of the Community Radio stations in India has been published
Community Radio for CHANGE: A Booklet to capture the best practices/success stories including the learning and experiences of the Community Radio stations in India.
Areas of practices/success stories including the learning and experiences of the Community Radio
1. Response to Disaster and Conflict Situation
2. Justice to marginalized community
3. Livelihood and Agriculture
4. Empowerment and Engagement of Women
5. Innovation through Community Radio
Concept and Documented by Young India, Konak, Odisha
Published by: Action Aid, Odisha Regional Office, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
Ministry of Information, Government of the People's Republic of Bangladesh has announced New Community Radio Installation Broadcast and Operation Policy 2017 by Bangladesh Gazette on 8 February 2018.
According to the preamble of Bangladesh Gazette, The world becomes a “Global Village” due to enormous development of advertisement and Information Technology (ICT). It has been assumed that the importance of radio is declining due to the dominating role of electronic media globally but the importance of radio is retaining significantly in developed, developing & least developed countries. Moreover, radio is playing a vital role to improve the area of education, culture, human values & dignity, awareness building and cultural development with a new dimension.
In this consequence, significant numbers of radio stations were established under the community policy 2008 dedicating for the marginalized communities. These radios are known as “community radio”, operating with the participation and management of marginalized communities in their dialect. Community radios engage in social transformation by using cultural diversity with the support of knowledge and technologies.
Community radio is the “Voice of the Voiceless”. To make the Community Radio reach wider, accelerate and appropriate, the new “Community Radio Installation, Broadcast and Operation Policy 2017” has been developed and approved by reviewing the existing policy.
The document outlines an initiative to create awareness of right to information laws through community radio programs and community dialogues. It aims to motivate community radio broadcasters to produce interactive programs on issues related to the right to information act and encourage them to promote this issue. The activities include awarding best community radio programs on the right to information law and conducting two community dialogues on the act to sensitize local communities in Gaibandha and Sitakunda. Major recommendations are to organize regular community dialogues at the union and college level and use the right to information in community radio reporting.
More from Bangladesh NGOs Network for Radio and Communication (20)
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Recent years have seen a disturbing rise in violence, discrimination, and intolerance against Christian communities in various Islamic countries. This multifaceted challenge, deeply rooted in historical, social, and political animosities, demands urgent attention. Despite the escalating persecution, substantial support from the Western world remains lacking.
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Christian persecution in Islamic countries has intensified, with alarming incidents of violence, discrimination, and intolerance. This article highlights recent attacks in Nigeria, Pakistan, Egypt, Iran, and Iraq, exposing the multifaceted challenges faced by Christian communities. Despite the severity of these atrocities, the Western world's response remains muted due to political, economic, and social considerations. The urgent need for international intervention is underscored, emphasizing that without substantial support, the future of Christianity in these regions is at grave risk.
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Bangladesh : National Broadcast Policy (English)
1. Draft
Government of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh
National Broadcast Policy-2013
( For Stakeholders and Mass People Comments)
Ministry of Information
2. Chapter 1
Broadcast Policy
1.1 Background: Radio and television are two strong mass media in the present world. Due to
the technological development, programs of many international media are now available
in Bangladesh with the help of satellite technology. All the radio and television of modern
world air/broadcast creative programs from other sources in addition to their own
productions. This trend helps create a competitive platform for producing creative and
quality programs. Beside radio and television, online newspaper and radio and television
have also gained popularity among common people.
In line with the spirit of liberation war, the constitution of the People’s Republic of
Bangladesh consider the freedom of news media a basic right. Article 39 of the
constitution has ensured freedom of thinking of every citizen.
A large portion of radio and television listener base, are children, juvenile and youth who
are easily influenced by the programs of radio and television and other online media.
Thus TV, radio and online media plays a role in shaping the minds of new generation.
Since other family members of different age also watch/listen to these programs, the ratio
of impact that these media put on one’s mind varies drastically. In addition, it is necessary
to scrutinize if the programs run by these media are harmonious with the spirit and ideal
of liberation war, and the country’s social, cultural, geographical and political tradition
and values.
Moreover, it is the duty of the government to ensure the social responsibility of these
programs an advertisement. Broadcast media plays an important role in building up a
child-friendly society. So it is essential to put stress on monitoring broadcast media to
prevent degradation of social values. Considering the abovementioned points, it is crucial
to have a relevant policy for all, both government and non-government online radio and
television.
In line with the abovementioned contexts, this policy has been formed to develop a free,
open, multi-dimensional, liable and effective broadcast sector in the country.
3. 1.2 Motive and aim
1.2.1
Speeding up the country’s broadcast system without hampering the smooth run of
both government and non-government broadcast media.
1.2.2
Maintaining international regulations and standard in expressing opinions through this
media and upholding its freedom, as well as bringing variety, credibility, neutrality
and ensuring free flow of information.
1.2.3
Keeping intact the basic rights of citizen and individual freedom, ensuring freedom of
mass media and its liabilities.
1.2.4
Undertaking initiatives to help establishment of non-government mass media and
providing necessary assistance.
1.2.5
Creating a platform for open and healthy competition in establishment mass media
under both public and private supervision.
1.2.6
Speeding up the broadcast sector and developing skills in this sector through publicprivate partnership;
1.2.7
Raising awareness among the common mass abut different issues of public interest
through broadcast media so that they can participate in development programs,
especially education, agriculture, women empowerment and poverty alleviation;
1.2.8
Ensuring the role of non-government mass media in reducing disparity/discrimination
and establishing the rule of equality in all levels of the society.
1.3 Main Aspects
1.3.1
Developing an organizational structure to provide license of broadcast service,
monitoring it and maintaining its standards;
1.3.2
Brining the sector under a coordinated system and establishing fair governance in the
sector through providing license;
1.3.3
Making sure that the media broadcast programs respecting the spirit, ideal and history
of the liberation war, public interest, social values and state policy.
1.3.4
Defining the role of broadcast sector in empowering women and marginal
communities of the country;
1.3.5
Developing community broadcast through targeting a specific area or groups of
people;
1.3.6
Ensuring that no programs conflicts with basic individual rights as described in the
constitution of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh;
1.3.7
Help establish discipline in the society and prevent moral degradation;
4. 1.3.8
Ensuring the contribution of the country’s broadcast sector to socio-economic
development and poverty eradication, through raising awareness among people;
1.3.9
Establishing good governance and upholding human rights through bringing
transparency and liability in the society;
1.3.10 Ensuring social responsibility of the broadcast media and patronising local culture by
not airing any program or advertisement that go against social values.
1.4 Strategies
1.4.1
Taking advise/suggestion from all stakeholders for forming and implementing this
policy;
1.4.2
Forming an organisational structure and new laws & regulations for implementing
this policy;
1.4.3
Undertaking necessary initiatives to establish a platform for healthy competition
through public-private partnership;
1.4.4
Forming an independent broadcast commission for the effective implementation of
this policy and its inspection.
1.4.5
This broadcast commission will form necessary broadcast regulations to set a standard
for programs and implement the standard.
Chapter two
Broadcast License
2.1 Giving License
2.1.1
All private radio, television, community radio, online radio and television have to get
license from the government;
2.1.2
The broadcast commission will form a coordinated policy for issuing license;
2.1.3
Based on the license, the commission will make recommendation for giving license;
2.1.4
A transparent, competitively open and independent law/regulation/policy will be
formed for providing license after discussing with stakeholders. The policy will
describe license giving process, requirement for license, ineligibility of getting license
and scrapping license;
2.1.5
All the running private radio and television who already acquired approval of
Information Ministry, need to reacquire their license in line with the new policy;
2.1.6
The Ministry of Information will take all necessary decisions until the concerned
law/regulation/policy is formed.
5. Chapter three
Program broadcast related regulations
3.1 Glorious Liberation War and history
3.1.1 The main purpose of program broadcast will be ensure free flow of information,
spreading education, inspiring people to take part in development works and
providing them a source of pure entertainment. All radio and television should follow
this principle in broadcasting program and news;
3.1.2
The spirit and ideology of liberation war, basic principles of the state and
governmental ideology and policies should be upheld;
3.1.3
Programs have to uphold the proper history of independence and glorify the freedom
fighters;
3.2 News and Entertainment Programs
3.2.1
No ideology of political parties should be promoted through any program or
advertisement;
3.2.2
Broadcast of misinformation r distorted truth is strictly prohibited in discussion or talk
shows. However participants can present their argument with relevant information
and logic;
3.2.3
The following government-approved programs of social interest have to be broadcast,emergency weather update, healthcare bulletin, urgent announcements, government
press note, and other governmental notifications.
3.3 Language, Culture and Religious Sentiment
3.3.1
Programs have to reflect the country’s native culture, tradition and ideology and
connect them local culture to inspire regional culture with patriotism;
3.3.2
Native culture, tradition and ideologies of minor ethnic groups have to be reflected for
the sake of their advancement;
3.3.3
Have to hunt and bring out artist from the rural/marginal regions and inspire them to
enrich culture;
3.3.4
Emphasize on the appropriate pronunciation of Bangla and maintain a standard to
establish state language at an upper level. In no circumstances this standard can be
brought down;
6. 3.3.5
Show due respect to all religion and religious sentiment;
3.3.6
Play important role in establishing equal rights and participation of women in all
spheres of political, economic, religious and social life through broadcasting different
inspirational program and reflect this tendency.
3.4 Development Activities
3.4.1
Inspiring development activities, especially voluntary works, producing programs to
implement this goals and making detailed reports on development projects. Raise
awareness among the people about the value of labour and the necessity of physical
labour, in this regard no programs can be run that degrades any profession;
3.4.2
Inspire people to raise agricultural and industrial output to make the country self
reliant. Especially inspiring the farmers, labours and other concerned group to play
sustainable role;
3.4.3
Raising awareness among the people about the adverse impact of population growth
through various programs and making them take necessary actions against this.
Special attention needs to be given on established customs and decency while
broadcasting population control activities;
3.4.4
Inspiring common people to contribute to industrial development as well as
technological innovation;
3.4.5
Guiding the youth to apply their creative thinking and power in practical field and
providing effective suggestions for solving their problems;
3.4.6
Contain adequate and specific direction for helping morality, getting rid of prejudices
and eradicating activities responsible for social degradation;
3.4.7
Raising awareness among government staffs and common mass for preserving
national resources.
3.5 Entertainment Programs
3.5.1
Staying away from broadcasting any programs that contains or inspires
hostility/discrimination towards children and women;
3.5.2
Giving special attention in broadcasting programs that put negative impact on
children psychology, and their moral development
7. 3.5.3 Use of dialects in drama, folk and cultural programs is allowed but use of dialects to
mock specific region or community is prohibited;
3.5.4 Programs cannot contain any indecent remarks or attitude, and display criminal
strategies that can help rising new ways committing crimes.
3.5.5. Any program that hearts humanistic sentiment, news that depicts scenes of actual
murder, heinous murders, images or footage of dead bodies of people who dies in an
accident or committed suicide and images of any women or children who were
victims of physical oppression and rape must not be reproduced;
3.5.6
Scenes showing physical attack on any human or animal or by any means hearting the
human sentiment of general mass must not be reproduced;
3.5.7
Perverted images whether its source be domestic or international must not be
reproduced. Programs instigating violence, criminal activities and by any means
contradicting national culture must not be presented.
3.6 Educational Programs
3.6.1
The programs must relate to the betterment of the educational system for the overall
benefit of the mass and may look forward to taking education to the poverty stricken
people or people living in remote areas;
3.6.2
The programs must be cooperating to the need of a knowledge abased society and
must be made in a manner that would catalyze the goal and must be information
based;
3.6. 3 The programs must catalytic in raising awareness among the masses of being educated
and thr program s must to designed to create interest in education among the masses;
3.7 Others
3.7.1
Every radio or television station must have a specified “charter of duties” and an
editorial policy;
3.7.2
In case of non-government publications, no program should violate “The Censorship
of Films Act 1963” or any regulations under the act.
Chapter- 4
Advertisement Oriented Regulations
4.1 Political and Religious personalities and Advertisement
4.1.1
Political personalities, foreign diplomats and national heroes can’t be included in
advertisement of products. But, In advertisements pivoting social awareness or social
positive change, famous citizens can be included and their personal consent must be
taken;
4.1.2
The language, scenes or commandments must not be such that they hurt the religious
or political sentiments of any group of people. The use of religious sentiment for
product sentiment must be avoided and thus images or footages of mosques, temples,
8. churches in product advertisement must be avoided. But depending on the subject or
context of the advertisement, the images of footages of the religious institutes may be
reproduced must caution must be preserved that this doesn’t hurt the religious
sentiment of any citizen;
4.1.3
Any advertise that may cause degradation or conflict regarding relations with friendly
nations can’t be presented;
4.1.4
Advertisements that may cause hatred or conflict between different or in between the
same religious groups can’t be presented;
4.2 Product, product quality and consumers rights preservation
4.2.1
In case of advertisements of products enlisted under the Bangladesh Standard and
Testing Institute (BISTI), the products must present the quality control certificate
from BISTI. In case of other products, the quality control certificate given by related
authorities must be presented;
4.2. 2 The advertisement must not describe or place demand for any issue that is intended
for exploitation of the rights of the people;
4.2.3
The advertisement must not compare or show superiority against any competitive
product. Defamatory remarks can’t be made about any other product than that being
advertised.
4.2.4
An advertisement can’t be shown in the form of news. Programs and advertisements
must be differentiable. Plays or other programs can’t depict a particular
advertisements or aspects of any particular advertisement;
4.2.5
The audio used in an advertisement must maintain a certain quality and must be good
to hear. It must not be too chaotic or irritating to the ear. The advertisement must not
include dirty or perverted dialogues, quotation, jingle, abuse etc.
4.2.6
No national or international songs or parts of the songs can’t be used in
advertisements without the conscious of the composer and copy right holder;
4.2.7
Plagiarism of any sort or type can’t be allowed;
4.2.8
In case of advertisements of medicines, hospitals, clinics, diagnostic centers, health
centers etc. a clarification certification from the Health Ministry or any associated
commission has to be taken;
4.2. 9 Career advice in advertisements must be avoided. In case of advertisements of
medicines or health oriented products, specialist doctors can’t be presented as
specialist and advice from them including their name can’t be depicted in the
advertisement. Similarly, in case of commercial products, specialist advice has to be
avoided. But in advertisements intended for social awareness e.g. AIDS, dengue,
tuberculosis etc and also in advertisements showing drug control, repercussions of
acid attacks etc , advice from named specialist can be used with permission;
4.2.10 Local models must be used in case of advertisements of national or international
products who’s product is produced in Bangladesh. But, in case of national products
or service can use a limited number of foreign models;
4.2. 11 In case of foreign products that have been produced outside of the country can use
international models;
9. 4.2.12 Environment damager or environment unfriendly scenes can’t be shown in the
advertisement;
4.2.13 Nation owned buildings and monuments like the parliamentary building, Prime
Minister’s office, Principal’s office, court or the proceedings of the court, Military
area, Shaheed Minar, the national monument etc cannot be depicted in commercials;
4.3
The war of freedom of Bangladesh, language or culture;
4.3.1
Reference to the Independence Day, war of freedom, mass upsurge, language
movement etc, can’t be made in whether directly or indirectly in an advertisement in
order to retain the integrity and auspiciousness of the events;
4.3.2
If a station is in doubt or suspicious about any content of an advertisement about its
quality, acceptability etc than the respective station must refer to the concerned
authority to give a verdict;
4.3.3
Advertisements that are conflicting with the culture of Bangladesh, inflicting
hopelessness among the youth or causing any distortion of culture can’t be acceptable.
Advertisements that uphold economic or social disparity among the youth, advertising
concerned with physical deficiencies or advertisements depicting body structure or
those that bring up the concept of not giving the right value of labor has to be
avoided;
4.3.4
In case of transmission in radio and television, these must be in cognizance with the
prevalent laws and regulations of the country, the country’s culture and traditions. The
advertisement must not depict any concepts such that the unity of the nation is
hampered;
4.3.5
The models that take part in the advertise must be dressed properly and acceptably;
4.4 Women and Child Rights
4.4.1
The advertisement must not depict scenes such that children are doing defamation,
taking part in conflicts, causing chaos etc and the advertisements must look to develop
positive character skills among the children;
4.4.2
Any advertisement that may cause a child to be harassed in idealistic, mental or
physical way would not be acceptable. The natural simplistic and gullible nature of
the child can’t be misused in a way to again commercial benefit;
4.4.3 Advertisements of powdered milk products can’t use models under the age of 5 nor
can the advertisements depict images of children under five. Super imposition of the
following two statements must be ensured in the advertisement:
a)
b)
4.4.4
“There is no alternative to breast feeding for the healthy development
of a child” – at least 5 seconds, and
“ This powdered milk is not for children under the age of 1”- at least 5
seconds.
Child advertisements must not depict any footage that may cause children to be
misled, directly influencing the child or any footage that may hinder the mental or
physical development of the child.
10. 4.4.5
Advertisements of any food product or beverage must clearly show the product’s
nutrient constituents and the health effects. This information must be clearly super
imposed in the advertisement;
4.4.6
Advertisements must not depict scenes of dangerous objects such as explosives,
lighting matches, petrol or other incinerating materials, risky machinery including
electrical machineries, drugs and medicines etc. Under all circumstances, the safety of
the children in the advertisement must be ensured and be given priority. No risky
scenes can be shown;
4.4.7
When broadcasting the advertisements, internationally recognized procedures must be
followed and logical break periods must be set. If any complaints are filed in regard of
this matter, Broadcasting Commission will give the proper guidance;
4.4.8
The advertisement must not depict any scenes that may inflict fear. Scenes of
hanging, strangling, suicide, separation of body parts etc cannot be shown. Any scene
that inflicts mental stress on child, old persons or ill persons must not be shown;
4.4.9
The advertisement must not show scenes of rape, perverted images or videos, violence
against women, downgrading of the physical, social and economic status of women,
teasing of teenage women or female adult.
4.5 Miscellaneous
4.5.1
The advertisements can’t mock the military forces or law enforcing agencies of the
country. Advertisements for commercial purpose of any product cannot take members
of the military or the law enforcing agencies as models. In cases of advertisements
relating to awareness programs or social issues, members of the military or law
enforcing agencies may act as models with permission from the authorities. Notices or
recruitment announcements of the law enforcers can be broadcasted;
4.5.2
Improvement of moralities, freeing the society of prejudices and tackling acts against
society must have emphasis and the advertisements must clearly point out ways of
achieving the above stated goals;
4.5. 3 Proper license related to advertisements must be maintained by the respective radio or
television authorities. If there are any infringements of the laws related to advertizing,
the government has right to take steps against the authority of the radio/ TV station;
4.5. 4 Caution must be maintained in case of reproduction of scientific data, terms, and
statistics so that the viewers are not misled. Any controversy or dispute regarding the
representation of such data will lead to the authority of the advertisement to be
accountable;
4.5.5
TV programs must be presentable, refined, well thought and must show scenes which
are socially acceptable;
4.5. 6 In case of advertisements of sanitary napkins, condoms and other products of family
planning, the scenes must not be perverted and must be well presented;
4.5.7
The advertisements of the following listed products cannot be broadcasted:
1)
Loan companies or financial institutes which do not have clearance certificates
from Bangladesh Bank or non-licensed loaning institutes;
2)
Club for making pen friends, night clubs, bars or any socially disregarded
clubs or associations;
11. 3)
Fortune tellers or related;
4)
Non-licensed business or recruitment institutes/ service/ bureau;
5)
Bidding, gambling or related agencies/ individuals/institutes;
6)
Cigarette or other detrimental smoking products;
7)
Alcohol, marijuana, heroin or other socially unacceptable drugs which are
detrimental to health;
8)
Any alcoholic product regardless of the amount or percentage of alcohol
present;
9)
Products claiming to increase size of women’s personal body parts, slimming
products for men, women or children, weight loss products, non-licensed medical
drugs or medication for body figure maintenance, weakness in sexual acts or early
aging curing special cheap drugs, medication, magic tricks, pendants etc;
10)
Illegal collection of funds related campaigning;
11)
Disputes in business or schools related campaigning etc;
12)
Real estate or apartments which are not government certified.
4.5.8
These set of broadcasting regulations would be formulated by the Broadcasting
Commission. The government can take steps according to the existing laws in these
issues until the Broadcasting Commission is formed. In this case, if a dispute arises
between the advertiser and the radio/ TV authority, the government’s decision would
be regarded as final.
CHAPTER 5
Cases of non-qualification in case of program broadcasting
5.1.1
Failure to abide by the rules and regulations quoted in the following act and the
advertisement act.
5.1.2
Cases of mockery of the national motto or goal, mockery or derogatory remarks about
the people of Bangladesh or disrespect of the national character of Bangladeshi people
or any remark or broadcast that may disregard the sovereignty of Bangladesh;
5.1.3. Broadcast that depicts disunity or mass distrust, class or origin oriented divide,
mockery of any religion, derogatory remarks or personal attacks or causes religious or
racial divide between different sects of people;
5.1.4
Information that causes personal defamation can’t be broadcasted. But, in cases where
the information is of a person who has carried out an activity against the cause of the
state, the representation of information of the activities that that person has carried out
against the cause of the state will not fall under this privacy violation;
5.1.5
Broadcast of secret information either governmental or military which may put
national security at risk;
5.1.6
Broadcast which can inflict an attack on a religious sentiment, motivating
infringements of laws or causing public sympathy to develop for infringements of
law;
12. 5.1.7
Broadcast which causes mockery or derogatory remarks against a military or law
enforcing officer, mockery of government officials who works against crime, who
determines the magnitude of crime or officer involved in affirming the punishments of
a crime ;
5.1.8
Leakage of information to any country or broadcasting that may cause distrust or
conflict between Bangladesh and any other country, broadcasting of propaganda
against a friendly country of Bangladesh that may cause distrust among the nations;
5.1.9
Tampering of historical data concerning a certain sect of the population, certain race
disrespectful presentations against such groups;
5.1.10 Broadcast of scenes of rape, violence against women or children, illegal business with
women and children, teasing, prostitution, disturbing body postures or use of socially
acceptable bed scene to amalgamate it with other scenes;
5.1.11 Physical violence or scenes depicting extreme agony during child birth, sexual
disease, uncontrolled excessive bleeding, deep cuts and bruises, actual hanging
scenes, ravage murder scenes, strangling scenes etc can’t be broadcasted;
5.1.12 Depicting a rebel, act of violence having political motive;
5.1.13 Broadcasts that grow sympathy for breakers of law and order.
CHAPTER 6
Broadcasting Commission
6.1 Structure of the Broadcasting Commission
6.1.1
A Broadcast Commission would be formed to issue Broadcasting licenses, to ensure
the overall standard of broadcasting, the stop unjust and unfair broadcasting topics,
and observe and handle the broadcasts that cause unwarranted infringement of
privacy;
6. 1.2 The Broadcast Commission will take complaints about programs, information and
advertisement from the people and try to take actions based on the complaints;
6.1.3. This commission will be a monitored agency;
6.1.4
This commission will have one chairman and number of members according to the
need of the commission;
6.1.5. The chairman and the members of the commission will be formed by a
Committee formed by the Information Ministry and will be appointed
Honorable President. The Search Committee will ensure that the all stake
have participatory roles and so the stakeholders would include government
women activist, media personnel and specialist, journalists, teachers, civil
representative and Freedom of Expression specialist.
6.1.6
Search
by the
holders
officer,
society
The Commission will conduct the following tasks:
1)
To ensure that the Broadcast Policy and code put forward by the commission
are being executed consistently;
13. 2)
3)
Broadcasting Commission can inspect any broadcasting institute;
4)
If this commission finds any broadcast as not fit for broadcasting or is
violating Broadcasting Policy, it can command the respective institution to
show- cause for the anomaly that the commission found. The Commission will
also file a report against the anomaly to the Government;
5)
The commission can propose to the government to cancel licenses of
broadcasting for particular cases where there is strict violation of the
Broadcast Policy or the prevailing general law of the country;
6)
6.2
To collect broadcasted programs and news oriented weekly/ forth night/
monthly/ annual reports from the broadcasting institutes and submit it to the
Information Ministry;
For cases if adding or change in the law, the commission will take advice from
the stake holders.
CODE OF GUIDANCE
6.2.1
Broadcast Commission will formulate a Code of Guidance for the broadcasting
institutes and the regulators and from time to time will take advice from the stake
holders to make adjustments, or amendments;
When forming this Code of Guidance the commission will ensure the following listed issues:
a)
b)
c)
d)
Taking into account the extent of violations and sorting out the unjust and
unfair issues;
To ensure that unwarranted infringement of privacy is not done;
To ensure that each radio and Television channel follows specified Charter of
Duties, Disclosure Policy and Editorial Policy.
6.3 Complaints and steps regarding the complaints:
6.3.1
If a citizen or institution feels that specified broadcast or broadcasts have violated
their rights, they can file a complaint against the broadcasting institute to the
Broadcast Commission within 30 days of the specified broadcast;
6.3.2. The Commission will examine the complaint and then hear the response regarding the
issue from both sides and reach a conclusion, then the Commission can propose
plausible steps to the government if necessary;
6.3.3
If the complaint is proved true than Government can take measures under specified
clauses to set a punishment for the violator.
Translated by: Bangladesh NGOs Network for Radio and Communication (BNNRC)
House: 13/1 Road: 2 Shamoli, Dhaka 1207
ceo@bnnrc.net, www.bnnrc.net