The document discusses embedded systems and microcontrollers. It provides details about the 8051 and 8085 microcontrollers, including their architecture, pins, applications, addressing modes, and interrupts. The 8051 has features like 4KB ROM, 128B RAM, timers, serial port, I/O ports. Common applications include digital clocks and traffic lights. It uses addressing modes like immediate, register indirect, and direct. The 8085 is an 8-bit microprocessor with multiplexed address/data bus and works on a 5V supply.
Live B tech Projects & Industrial Training @Technogroovy Technogroovy India
like our page for more updates:
https://www.facebook.com/Technogroovyindia
With Best Regard's
Technogroovy Systems India Pvt. Ltd.
www.technogroovy.com
Call- +91-9582888121
Whatsapp- +91-8800718323
This slides includes all the necessary steps to Program 8051 family micro-controller. A fresher will be able to simulate LCD in Proteus Using C in Keil !!
BASIC INFORMATION OF ARCHITECTURE OF MICRO-CONTROLLER 8051 AS PER GTU SYLLABUS. Please Comment if u Like.. n Give u r feedback..
For More Information Go to
http://www.noesiseducation.blogspot.com
Live B tech Projects & Industrial Training @Technogroovy Technogroovy India
like our page for more updates:
https://www.facebook.com/Technogroovyindia
With Best Regard's
Technogroovy Systems India Pvt. Ltd.
www.technogroovy.com
Call- +91-9582888121
Whatsapp- +91-8800718323
This slides includes all the necessary steps to Program 8051 family micro-controller. A fresher will be able to simulate LCD in Proteus Using C in Keil !!
BASIC INFORMATION OF ARCHITECTURE OF MICRO-CONTROLLER 8051 AS PER GTU SYLLABUS. Please Comment if u Like.. n Give u r feedback..
For More Information Go to
http://www.noesiseducation.blogspot.com
The microprocessor is the core of computer systems.
Nowadays many communication, digital entertainment, portable devices, are controlled by them.
A designer should know what types of components he needs, ways to reduce production costs and product reliable.
This presentation discusses the internal architecture of Intel 8051. It discusses basic families of 8051, the programmer view, register sets and memory organiszation of 8051
The microprocessor is the core of computer systems.
Nowadays many communication, digital entertainment, portable devices, are controlled by them.
A designer should know what types of components he needs, ways to reduce production costs and product reliable.
This presentation discusses the internal architecture of Intel 8051. It discusses basic families of 8051, the programmer view, register sets and memory organiszation of 8051
Presentation On: "Micro-controller 8051 & Embedded System"surabhii007
The presentation is dealing with majors about 'An Embedded System' along with 'Micro-controller' with it's base peripherals & parameters.
Hope It'll be helpfull!
Responsive web design (RWD) is an approach to web design aimed at crafting sites to provide an optimal viewing and interaction experience like easy reading and navigation with a minimum of resizing, panning, and scrolling across a wide range of devices (from desktop computer monitors to mobile phones).
Responsive web design is becoming more important as the amount of mobile traffic now accounts for more than half of total internet traffic. This trend is so prevalent that Google has begun to boost the ratings of sites that are mobile friendly if the search was made from a mobile device. This has the net effect of penalizing sites that are not mobile friendly.
The responsive web design responds to the needs of the users and the devices they’re using. The layout changes based on the size and capabilities of the device and provides the enhanced user-experience by re-structuring the contents as per the end-user devices. With plethora devices releasing every day, this has gained significance in the web designing and along with it came the testing challenges. In this workshop, we are going to discuss the challenges in testing RWD websites and how to overcome those by using the tools available online.
Why Galen?
Galen is an open source framework built for responsive websites. It provides the feasibility to test the various pages on screen sizes and browsers. The test and spec files can be written in plain English which makes it easier for the business people to understand and contribute.
This is a presentation I have done in ISEC conference with theme as "Women in IT and challenges". The presentation covers the following
1. What are the common challenges women face at workplace
2. What are different policies being adopted by several organizations to help women
3. What are the un noticed daily challenges faced by women
4. What can an organization or a team or an individual do to help a woman achieve work life balance
5. As a woman what can one expect from the organization, project team, family and partner
Responsive web design (RWD) is an approach to web design aimed at crafting sites to provide an optimal viewing and interaction experience—easy reading and navigation with a minimum of resizing, panning, and scrolling—across a wide range of devices (from desktop computer monitors to mobile phones).
Galen is an emerging tool which provides ease in RWD testing.
Key Trends Shaping the Future of Infrastructure.pdfCheryl Hung
Keynote at DIGIT West Expo, Glasgow on 29 May 2024.
Cheryl Hung, ochery.com
Sr Director, Infrastructure Ecosystem, Arm.
The key trends across hardware, cloud and open-source; exploring how these areas are likely to mature and develop over the short and long-term, and then considering how organisations can position themselves to adapt and thrive.
GraphRAG is All You need? LLM & Knowledge GraphGuy Korland
Guy Korland, CEO and Co-founder of FalkorDB, will review two articles on the integration of language models with knowledge graphs.
1. Unifying Large Language Models and Knowledge Graphs: A Roadmap.
https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.08302
2. Microsoft Research's GraphRAG paper and a review paper on various uses of knowledge graphs:
https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/blog/graphrag-unlocking-llm-discovery-on-narrative-private-data/
Essentials of Automations: Optimizing FME Workflows with ParametersSafe Software
Are you looking to streamline your workflows and boost your projects’ efficiency? Do you find yourself searching for ways to add flexibility and control over your FME workflows? If so, you’re in the right place.
Join us for an insightful dive into the world of FME parameters, a critical element in optimizing workflow efficiency. This webinar marks the beginning of our three-part “Essentials of Automation” series. This first webinar is designed to equip you with the knowledge and skills to utilize parameters effectively: enhancing the flexibility, maintainability, and user control of your FME projects.
Here’s what you’ll gain:
- Essentials of FME Parameters: Understand the pivotal role of parameters, including Reader/Writer, Transformer, User, and FME Flow categories. Discover how they are the key to unlocking automation and optimization within your workflows.
- Practical Applications in FME Form: Delve into key user parameter types including choice, connections, and file URLs. Allow users to control how a workflow runs, making your workflows more reusable. Learn to import values and deliver the best user experience for your workflows while enhancing accuracy.
- Optimization Strategies in FME Flow: Explore the creation and strategic deployment of parameters in FME Flow, including the use of deployment and geometry parameters, to maximize workflow efficiency.
- Pro Tips for Success: Gain insights on parameterizing connections and leveraging new features like Conditional Visibility for clarity and simplicity.
We’ll wrap up with a glimpse into future webinars, followed by a Q&A session to address your specific questions surrounding this topic.
Don’t miss this opportunity to elevate your FME expertise and drive your projects to new heights of efficiency.
LF Energy Webinar: Electrical Grid Modelling and Simulation Through PowSyBl -...DanBrown980551
Do you want to learn how to model and simulate an electrical network from scratch in under an hour?
Then welcome to this PowSyBl workshop, hosted by Rte, the French Transmission System Operator (TSO)!
During the webinar, you will discover the PowSyBl ecosystem as well as handle and study an electrical network through an interactive Python notebook.
PowSyBl is an open source project hosted by LF Energy, which offers a comprehensive set of features for electrical grid modelling and simulation. Among other advanced features, PowSyBl provides:
- A fully editable and extendable library for grid component modelling;
- Visualization tools to display your network;
- Grid simulation tools, such as power flows, security analyses (with or without remedial actions) and sensitivity analyses;
The framework is mostly written in Java, with a Python binding so that Python developers can access PowSyBl functionalities as well.
What you will learn during the webinar:
- For beginners: discover PowSyBl's functionalities through a quick general presentation and the notebook, without needing any expert coding skills;
- For advanced developers: master the skills to efficiently apply PowSyBl functionalities to your real-world scenarios.
State of ICS and IoT Cyber Threat Landscape Report 2024 previewPrayukth K V
The IoT and OT threat landscape report has been prepared by the Threat Research Team at Sectrio using data from Sectrio, cyber threat intelligence farming facilities spread across over 85 cities around the world. In addition, Sectrio also runs AI-based advanced threat and payload engagement facilities that serve as sinks to attract and engage sophisticated threat actors, and newer malware including new variants and latent threats that are at an earlier stage of development.
The latest edition of the OT/ICS and IoT security Threat Landscape Report 2024 also covers:
State of global ICS asset and network exposure
Sectoral targets and attacks as well as the cost of ransom
Global APT activity, AI usage, actor and tactic profiles, and implications
Rise in volumes of AI-powered cyberattacks
Major cyber events in 2024
Malware and malicious payload trends
Cyberattack types and targets
Vulnerability exploit attempts on CVEs
Attacks on counties – USA
Expansion of bot farms – how, where, and why
In-depth analysis of the cyber threat landscape across North America, South America, Europe, APAC, and the Middle East
Why are attacks on smart factories rising?
Cyber risk predictions
Axis of attacks – Europe
Systemic attacks in the Middle East
Download the full report from here:
https://sectrio.com/resources/ot-threat-landscape-reports/sectrio-releases-ot-ics-and-iot-security-threat-landscape-report-2024/
The Art of the Pitch: WordPress Relationships and SalesLaura Byrne
Clients don’t know what they don’t know. What web solutions are right for them? How does WordPress come into the picture? How do you make sure you understand scope and timeline? What do you do if sometime changes?
All these questions and more will be explored as we talk about matching clients’ needs with what your agency offers without pulling teeth or pulling your hair out. Practical tips, and strategies for successful relationship building that leads to closing the deal.
Accelerate your Kubernetes clusters with Varnish CachingThijs Feryn
A presentation about the usage and availability of Varnish on Kubernetes. This talk explores the capabilities of Varnish caching and shows how to use the Varnish Helm chart to deploy it to Kubernetes.
This presentation was delivered at K8SUG Singapore. See https://feryn.eu/presentations/accelerate-your-kubernetes-clusters-with-varnish-caching-k8sug-singapore-28-2024 for more details.
JMeter webinar - integration with InfluxDB and GrafanaRTTS
Watch this recorded webinar about real-time monitoring of application performance. See how to integrate Apache JMeter, the open-source leader in performance testing, with InfluxDB, the open-source time-series database, and Grafana, the open-source analytics and visualization application.
In this webinar, we will review the benefits of leveraging InfluxDB and Grafana when executing load tests and demonstrate how these tools are used to visualize performance metrics.
Length: 30 minutes
Session Overview
-------------------------------------------
During this webinar, we will cover the following topics while demonstrating the integrations of JMeter, InfluxDB and Grafana:
- What out-of-the-box solutions are available for real-time monitoring JMeter tests?
- What are the benefits of integrating InfluxDB and Grafana into the load testing stack?
- Which features are provided by Grafana?
- Demonstration of InfluxDB and Grafana using a practice web application
To view the webinar recording, go to:
https://www.rttsweb.com/jmeter-integration-webinar
Unsubscribed: Combat Subscription Fatigue With a Membership Mentality by Head...
8051
1.
2. • The embedded system is a combination of computer hardware,
software additional electrical & mechanical parts
• A computer is used in such devices primarily as a means to simplify
the system design and to provide flexibility.
• Embedded systems employ the use of a RTOS (Real-Time
Operating System).
4. Microcontroller
• A smaller computer.
• On-chip RAM, ROM, I/O ports...
• Example:- Motorola’s 6811, Intel’s 8051 and PIC 16X
CPU RAM ROM
A single chip
Serial
I/O Timer COM
Port Port
Microcontroller
5.
6. The 8051 Microcontroller :
• The 8051 is the first microcontroller of
the MCS-51 family introduced by
Intel Corporation at the end of the
1970’s.
• The 8051 family characteristics:
○ The 8051 family characteristics:
○ 4K Bytes ROM
○ 128 Bytes RAM
○ two timer/counters (16 bit)
○ A serial port
○ 32 input/output port
○ Interrupt controller
8. IC 8051 Pin Description
Voltage Supply
(+5V)
Ground
9. IC 8051 Pin Description
Port 0 from
Pin-39 to Pin-32
An 8-bit open drain
bidirectional port.
DUAL
FUNCTION
Used to access both
data and address
10. IC 8051 Pin Description
Port 1 from
Pin-1 to pin-8
8-bit bidirectional
I/O port with
internal pull-ups
11. IC 8051 Pin Description
Port 2 from
Pin-21 to pin-28
Used to access
address and I/O
12. IC 8051 Pin Description
P3.0 : RxD(serial input port)
P3.1 :TxD (serial output port)
P3.2 :INT0 (external interrupt 0)
P3.3 :INT1 (external interrupt 1)
P3.4 :T0 (timer 0 external input)
P3.5 :T1 (timer 1 external input)
P3.6 :WR (external data memory write strobe)
P3.7 :RD (external data memory read strobe)
Port 3 from
Pin-10 to Pin-17
13. IC 8051 Pin Description
External memory
reset
Add. Latch
enable
Program Store
Enable
crystal
14. IC 8051 Daily Applications
Digital clock
Moving message display
7 segment display Traffic Light
15. IC 8051 Addressing Modes
•Immediate addressing modes
ADD A, #23h (Add immediate data to Acc)
•Register addressing modes
ADD A, R2 (Add register to Accumulator)
•Direct addressing modes
ADD A, 40h (Add data at location 40h to Accumulator)
•Register Indirect addressing modes
ADD A,@R2 (Add indirect RAM to Acc)
16. Interrupts in 8051
• An interrupt is an external or internal event that interrupts the microcontroller to
inform it that a device needs its service
• The advantage of interrupts is that the microcontroller can serve many devices
(not all at the same time)
Program Program
Interrupt service
time
17. Interrupts in 8051
EA - ET2 ES ET1 EX1 ET0 EX0
Internal Interrupts
EX0 Enables or disables external interrupt
ET0 Enables or disables timer 0 overflow interrupt
EX1 Enables or disables external interrupt 1
ET1 Enables or disables timer 1 overflow interrupt
ES Enables or disables the serial port interrupt
ET2 Enables or disables timer 2 overflow or capture interrupt
-- Not implemented, reserved for future use
EA Disables all interrupts
External Interrupts
P3.2 :INT0 (external interrupt 0)
P3.3 :INT1 (external interrupt 1)
18. General Purpose
Microprocessor
• CPU for Computers
• No RAM, ROM, I/O on CPU chip itself
• Example--Intel’s x86: 8086,8088,80386,80486, Pentium
Data Bus Many chips on mother
CPU board
General-
Purpose Serial
Micro- RAM ROM I/O Timer COM
processor Port Port
Address Bus
General-Purpose Microprocessor System
19.
20. The 8085 Microprocessor :
• The features of INTEL 8085 are :
• It is an 8 bit processor.
• It is a single chip N-MOS device with
40 pins.
• It has multiplexed address and data
bus.(AD0-AD7).
• It works on 5 Volt dc power supply.
• The maximum clock frequency is 3
MHz while minimum frequency is
500kHz.
• It provides 74 instructions with 5
different addressing modes.
22. IC 8085 Pin Description
•AD0-AD7: Multiplexed Address and data lines.
•A8-A15: Tri-stated higher order address lines.
•ALE: Address latch enable is an output signal.It goes high when operation is
started by processor .
•S0,S1: These are the status signals used to indicate type of operation.
•RD¯: Read is active low input signal used to read data from I/O device or
memory.
•WR¯: Write is an active low output signal used write data on memory or an
I/O device.
23. IC 8085 Pin Description
• READY: This an output signal used to check the status of output device.If
it is low, µP will WAIT until it is high.
• TRAP: It is an Edge triggered highest priority , non mask able interrupt.
After TRAP, restart occurs and execution starts from address 0024H.
• RST 5.5,6.5,7.5: These are maskable interrupts and have low priority than
TRAP.
• INTR¯&INTA: INTR is a interrupt request signal after which µP generates
INTA or interrupt acknowledge signal.
•IO/M¯: This is output pin or signal used to indicate whether 8085 is working
in I/O mode(IO/M¯=1) or Memory mode(IO/M¯=0 ).
24. IC 8085 Pin Description
•HOLD&HLDA: HOLD is an input signal .When µP receives HOLD signal it
completes current machine cycle and stops executing next instruction. In
response to HOLD µP generates HLDA that is HOLD Acknowledge signal.
•RESET IN¯: This is input signal. When RESET IN¯ is low µp restarts and starts
executing from location 0000H.
•SID: Serial input data is input pin used to accept serial 1 bit data .
•X1 & X2 : These are clock input signals and are connected to external LC,or
RC circuit.These are divide by two so if 6 MHz is connected to X1X2, the
operating frequency becomes 3 MHz.
•VCC & VSS: Power supply VCC=+ -5Volt& VSS=-GND reference.
26. Arithmetic and Logical Group
Accumulator:
It is 8 bit general purpose register.
It is connected to ALU. So most of the operations are done in Acc.
Temporary register:
All the arithmetic and logical operations are done in the temporary register
but user can’t access it.
Flag:
It is a group of 5 flip flops used to know status of various operations done.
The Flag Register along with Accumulator is called PSW
or Program Status Word.
27. Arithmetic and Logical Group
Flag is given by :
S Z - AC - P - CY
S: Sign flag is set when result of an operation is negative.
Z: Zero flag is set when result of an operation is 0.
Ac: Auxiliary carry flag is set when there is a carry out of lower nibble or
lower four bits of the operation.
CY: Carry flag is set when there is carry generated by an operation.
P: Parity flag is set when result contains even number of 1’s.
Rest are don’t care flip flops.
28. Register Group
Temporary registers (W,Z): These are not available for user. These are loaded only
when there is an operation being performed.
General purpose: There are six general purpose registers in 8085 namely
B,C,D,E,H,L These are used for various data manipulations.
Special purpose : There are two special purpose registers in 8085:
SP : (Stack Pointer) This is a temporary storage memory 16 bit register. Since there
are only 6 general purpose registers, there is a need to reuse them
PC: (Program Counter) It is 16 bit register used to point the location from which the
next instruction is to be fetched.
29. IC 8085 Addressing modes
Immediate addressing:
Immediate data is transferred to address or register.
Example : MVI A,20H
Register addressing:
Data is transferred from one register to other.
Example : MOV A, C
Indirect addressing:
Data is transferred from address pointed by the data in a register to other
register or vice-versa.
Example: MOV A, M
Implied addressing:
These doesn’t require any operand. The data is specified in Opcode itself.
Example: RAL: Rotate left with carry.
30. Interrupts in 8085
• An interrupt is considered to be an emergency signal that may be serviced. The
Microprocessor may respond to it as soon as possible.
Interrupts can also be classified into:
• Maskable Interrupts (Can be delayed or Rejected)
• Non-Maskable Interrupts (Can not be delayed or Rejected)
The 8085 has 5 interrupt inputs.
The INTR input : INTR is mask-able using the EI/DI instruction pair.
RST 5.5, RST 6.5, RST 7.5 : They are all mask-able.
TRAP : is the only non-mask-able interrupt in the 8085
31. Interrupts in 8085
The 8085 recognizes 8 RESTART instructions: RST0 - RST7 . Each of these would send
the execution to a predetermined hard-wired memory location:
Restart Instruction Equivalent to
RST0 CALL 0000H
RST1 CALL 0008H
RST2 CALL 0010H
RST3 CALL 0018H
RST4 CALL 0020H
RST5 CALL 0028H
RST6 CALL 0030H
RST7 CALL 0038H
32. Timing and State Diagram
• The µP operates with reference to clock signal. The rise and fall of the pulse of the
clock gives one clock cycle.
• Each clock cycle is called a T state and a collection of several T states gives a
machine cycle.
• Important machine cycles are :
1. Op-code fetch.
2. Memory read.
3. Memory write.
4. I/Op-read.
5. I/O write.
34. Seven Segment Display
Seven segments are electronic
components that can be used to
displaying alphanumeric characters, 7
LED are used (as shown in figure) and is
designed from a dot-point with the size.
pin configuration of seven segment
35. Seven Segment Display
7 pins of the microcontroller are used to shape the
character of your LED display
Port Relations Microcontroller with pin
7 Segment
38. Software’s
Used
Top View Express
Keil µVision
Simulator PCB
39. Keil µVision IDE
The µVision IDE from Keil
combines project management,
make facilities, source code
editing, program debugging, and
complete simulation in one
powerful environment. The
µVision development platform is
easy-to-use and helping you
quickly create embedded
programs that work. The µVision
editor and debugger are
integrated in a single application
that provides a seamless
embedded project development
environment.
40.
41. Top View Simulator
• Topview Simulator gives an
excellent simulation environment
for MCS 51 Microcontroller.
A beginner can learn about 8051
based embedded solutions
without any hardware. An
experienced designer, you may
find most of the required facilities
built in the simulator that
enabling you to complete your
next project without waiting for
the target hardware.
43. Express PCB
Express PCB allows you to design
schematics and PCB's. It is ideal
for those that are looking to
design anywhere from a two to
four layer circuit board.
A drop and drag design allows
users to pick the components of
the circuit board and drop it
onto the circuit board in the
software program. The designer
can then place various pins in the
circuit board to show where
things need to be connected.
It also has the ability of the
program to show the designer
where there are flaws in their
design.
44. Express PCB
This way we can include resistors
This way we can include different
kind of IC’s
45. DC Motor interfacing with
Microcontrollers
DC motors are always preffered over stepper motors.
There are many things which we can do with our DC motor when interfaced
with microcontroller.
For example:
we can control the speed of motor,
we can control the direction of rotation,
we can also do encoding of the rotation made by DC motor i.e. keeping track of
how many turns are made by our motors etc.
Usually H-bridge is preffered way of interfacing a DC motor.
L293D is most used H-Bridge driver IC.
46. Working of H-Bridge
The name "H-Bridge" is derived from the actual shape of the switching circuit which
control the motion of the motor. It is also known as "Full Bridge". Basically there
are four switching elements in the H-Bridge as shown
47. Truth Table For H-Bridge
Truth Table
High Left High Right Low Left Low Right Description
Motor runs
On Off Off On
clockwise
Motor runs
Off On On Off anti-
clockwise
Motor stops
On On Off Off or
decelerates
Motor stops
Off Off On On or
decelerates
48. Stepper Motor
Of all motors, step motor is the easiest to control. It's
handling simplicity is really hard to deny - all there
is to do is to bring the sequence of rectangle
impulses to one input of step controller and
direction information to another input. Direction
information is very simple and comes down to
"left" for logical one on that pin and "right" for
logical zero.
Motor control is also very simple - every impulse
makes the motor operating for one step and if
there is no impulse the motor won't start. Pause
between impulses can be shorter or longer and it
defines revolution rate. This rate cannot be infinite
because the motor won't be able to "catch up"
with all the impulses (documentation on specific
motor should contain such information)..