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Bab 2 Pemimpin Besar & Ilmuwah Daulah Ayyubiyah.pptx
1. Pemimpin Besar &
Ilmuwan Islam
Daulah Ayyubiyah
SKI Kelas VIII Semester Genap
Oleh Sri Wahyuni, S.S.I
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3. Table of contents
Introduction
01
…
Penguasa Daulah Ayyubiyah
02
Terdapat 9 orang penguasa
daulah Ayyubiyah
Kiprah Pemimpin
03
Diantara 9 penguasa,
terdapat tiga penguasa
yang terkenal
Ilmuwan Muslim
04
Sumbangsih besar
ilmuwan Muslim daulah
Ayyubiyah
5. Introduction
Sultan Shalahuddin Al-Ayyubi dikenal sebagai
seorang pemimpin yang sangat memperhatikan
pendidikan dan kesejahteraan ekonomi rakyatnya.
Ia begitu giat mendorong studi keagamaan,
membangun bendungan, menggali terusan, serta
mendirikan benteng dan masjid.
6. Introduction
Setelah Sultan Shalahuddin Al-Ayyubi
meninggal dunia, daerah kekuasaannya yang
begitu luas terbentang mulai dari sungai Tigris
hingga sungai Nil. Dinasti Ayyubiyah selama
lebih kurang 79 tahun Daulah Al-Ayyubiyah
berkuasa, terdapat 9 orang penguasa
7. 1. Sultan Shalahuddin Yusuf Al-Ayyubi (564-589 H/ 1171-1193 M)
2. Sultan Al-Aziz Imaduddin (589-596 H/1193-1198 M)
3. Sultan Al-Mansur Nasiruddin (595-596 H/ (1198-1200 M)
4. Sultan Al-Adil Saifuddin I(596-615 H/1200-1218 M)
5. Sultan Al-Kamil Muhammad (615-635 H/ 1218-1238 M)
6. Sultan Al-Adil Saifuddin II (635-637 H/ 1238-1240 M)
7. Sultan As-Saleh Najmuddin (637-647 H/ 1240-1249 M)
8. Sultan al-Mu’azzam Turansyah (647 H/ 1249-1250 M)
9. Sultan al-Asyraf Muzaffaruddin (647-650 H/ 1250-1252 M)
Khalifah Daulah Ayyubiyah
9. Khalifah Terkenal daulah Ayyubiyah
Malik Al-Adil
Saifuddin I
1200 – 1218 M
Sultan Shalahudin
Yusuf Al-Ayyubi
1171 – 1193 M
01 02 03
Malik Al-Kamil
Muhammad
1218-1238 M
13. Sultan Al-Adil Saifuddin I
Sultan Al-Adil Saifuddin (596-615 H /1200-1218 M)
Sering dipanggil Al-Adil, nama lengkapnya Al-Malik
Al-Adil Saifuddin Abu Bakar bin Ayyub, menjadi
penguasa ke 4 Dinasti Ayyubiah yang memerintah
pada tahun 596-615 H/1200-1218 M berkedudukan
di Damaskus. Beliau putra Najmuddin Ayyub yang
merupakan saudara muda Shalahuddin Yusuf
AlAyyubi, dia menjadi Sultan menggantikan Al-Afdal
yang gugur dalam peperangan. Al-Adil merupakan
seorang pemimpin pemerintahan dan pengatur
strategi yang berbakat dan efektif
14. Prestasi Sultan Al-Adil Saifuddin I
1. Antara tahun 1168 – 1169 M mengikuti pamannya (Syirkuh) ekspedisi militer
ke Mesir
2. Tahun 1174 M, menguasai Mesir atas nama Shalahuddin Yusuf Al-Ayyubi,
sedangkan Shalahuddin Yusuf Al-Ayyubi mengembangkan pemerintahan di
Damaskus
3. Tahun 1169 M, dapat memadamkan pemberontakan orang-orang Kristen
Koptik di Qift-Mesir
4. Pada tahun 1186-1195 M, kembali ke Mesir untuk memerangi pasukan Salib
5. Pada tahun 1192-1193 M, menjadi gubernur di wilayah utara Mesir
6. Pada tahun 1193 M, menghadapai pemberontakan Izzuddin di Mosul
7. Menjadi gubernur Syiria di Damaskus
8. Menjadi Sultan di Damaskus
15. Sultan Al-Kamil Muhammad (1218-1238 M)
Nama lengkap Al-Kamil, adalah Al-Malik Al-Kamil Nasruddin Abu
AlMaali Muhammad. Al-Kamil adalah putra dari Al-Adil. Pada tahun
1218 Al-Kamil memimpin pertahanan menghadapi pasukan salib
yang mengepung kota Dimyat (Damietta) dan kemudian menjadi
Sultan setelah ayahnya wafat. Pada tahun 1219, hampir kehilangan
tahta karena konspirasi kaum Kristen koptik. Al-Kamil kemudian
pergi ke Yaman untuk menghindari konspirasi itu, dan konspirasi itu
berhasil dipadamkan oleh saudaranya bernama Al-Mu’azzam yang
menjabat sebagai Gubernur Suriah. Pada bulan Februari tahun 1229
M, Al-Kamil menyepakati perdamaian selama 10 tahun dengan
Frederick II, yang berisi antara lain: Ia mengembalikan Yerusalem
dan kota-kota suci lainnya kepada pasukan salib Kaum muslimin
dan Yahudi dilarang memasuki kota itu kecuali di sekitar Masjidil
Aqsa dan Majid Umar.
16. Prestasi Sultan Al-Kamil Muhammad
Selain itu beberapa peristiwa yang dialami Al-Malik Al-Kamil, antara lain:
1. Pada tahun 1218 M, memimpin pertahanan menghadapi pasukan Salib yang
mengepung kota Dimyat (Damietta)
2. Menjadi Sultan Dinasti Ayyubiyah pada tahun 1218 M, menggantikan Al-Adil
yang meninggal
3. Pada tahun 1219 M, ia hampir kehilangan tahtanya.
4. Pada tahun 1219 M, kota Dimyat akhirnya jatuh ke tangan orang-orang
Kristen
5. Al-Kamil telah beberapa kali menawarkan perdamaian dengan pasukan Salib
yaitu dilakukan perjanjian damai dengan imbalan :Mengembalikan
Yerussalem kepada pasukan Salib.
6. Pembangun kembali tembok di Yerussalem yang dirobohkan oleh Al-
Mu’azzam saudaranya.
7. Mengembalikan salib asli yang dulu terpasang di Kubah batu Baitul Maqdis
kepada orang Kristen. Al-Kamil meninggal dunia pada tahun 1238 M.
Kedudukannya sebagai Sultan digantikan oleh Salih Al-Ayyubi
17.
18. Study objectives
Paintings
First way of expressing the
human being
Cylindricals seals
Way to identify goods with
engravings on clay
Cuneiform signs
Oldest form of writing,
developed by the Sumerian
19. Evolution of the alphabet
Protosinatic alphabet
Alphabet adapted from
Egyptian also linked to the
origin of Phoenician
Ugaritic
language
An alphabetical type
graphic system is used with
letters as cuneiforms signs
01 02 03
Phoenician
alphabet
It was written from right to
left with 22 characters and
with only one vowel
20. Evolution of the alphabet
Latin
alphabet
Associated the letters to the
phoneme of a common word
that began with that sound
Greek
alphabet
They adapted to the
Phoenician alphabet and
created vowel signs
04 05
21. Literature review
Phoenicians
Aramaic
The first model of the alphabet arises from the
Phoenicians, from which the Greek appears and,
consequently, the Etruscan and Latin languages
At the same time, the Aramaic alphabet
emerged, being the precursors of other writing
systems such as Hebrew and Arabic
23. Methodology
Clay boards
Used in Mesopotamia. Stilus
was the instrument that was
used to write about them
Papyrus
It was used in Egypt. It was
a plant and they sold in
rolls of 20 leaves
Parchment
Greece and Rome. It was
tanned and scraped leather
prepared for writing
Paper
It was invented in China. It was
made up of vegetable fibers
that allowed the use of ink
24. Materials summary
Clay boards
Used in Mesopotamia. Stilus was the instrument that was
used to write about them.
Papyrus
It was used in Egypt. It was a plant and they sold in rolls of
20 leaves
Parchment
Greece and Rome. It was tanned and scraped leather prepared
for writing
Paper
It was invented in China. It was made up of vegetable fibers
that allowed the use of ink
25. Graphics
To modify this graph, click on it, follow the link, change the
data and paste the resulting graph here, replacing this one
Clay boards 3000 b.c
Papyrus 2800 b.c
Parchment 2500 b.c
Paper 105 b.c
27. Paper infographic
s.II a.c
It emerged in China. Its
invention was attributed
to Ts’ai.
Composition
It is made of compact
plants fibers an allowed the
use of ink
Printing
With the paper appeared
the invention of the
printing press
29. 1440
1638
1452
It was created by
Johannes Gutenberg
The first printing press is
emerging in the United States
The most important printing
begins “The Gutenberg Bible”
30. Printing map
China
In the s. XI created
reproduction systems with
mobile types
Germany
Johannes Gutenberg is the
creator of the printing press
in 1440
33. Conclusions
Clay boards
Used in Mesopotamia from
3000 b.c., Stylus was used as
a writing instrument
Papyrus
Was used as an egyptus
writing instrument since
2800 b.c
Parchment
In Greece and Rome when
Egypt banned the export
of papyrus
Paper
It was invented in China and
it allowed the evolution of
the printing press
Printing
It was created in Germany
in 1440 by
Johannes Gutenberg
Computer
The first computer was
made in Berlin by Konrad
Zuse in 1941
34. Chronology
3000 b.c
Clay boards
It started to be used
in Mesopotamia
2800 b.c
Papyrus
It started to be used
in Egypt
2500 b.c
Parchment
It started to be used
in Greece and Rome
35. Chronology
s.II b.c
Paper
It started to be used
in China
s.XIX
Typewriter
It started to be used
In New York
s.XX
Computer
The first computer was
made in Berlin
37. Bibliographical
references
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Title of the publication. Publisher
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Title of the publication. Publisher
AUTHOR (YEAR).
Title of the publication. Publisher
AUTHOR (YEAR).
Title of the publication. Publisher
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