Normalization work as through a series of stages called normal forms .pdf
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Normalization work as through a series of stages called normal forms Normalization is a process that is used for changing attributes to entitles. In order to meet performance requirements you may have to denormalize portions design. Denormalization produces a lower normal form. Normalization is a very important database design ingredient and the highest level is always the desirable. A table is in BCNF if every determinant in the table is a candidate key. A table is in fourth normal form if it is in third normal form and has no independent multivalued dependencies. Repeating groups must be eliminated by making sure that each row defines a single entity. It is possible for a table in 2NF to exhibit transitive dependency, where one or more nonprime attributes functionally determine other nonprime attributes. A determinant is any attribute whose value determines other values within a column. A dependency of one nonprime attribute on another nonprime attribute is a partial dependency. Attributes should clearly define participation, connectivity, and document cardinality. An attribute that is part of a key is known as a(n) attribute. important nonprime prime entity Data redundancy produces. slower lookups robust design efficient storage use data integrity problems Solution 1) Normalization works through a series of stages called normal forms. Answer :- True 2) Normalization is a process that is used for changing attributes to entities. Answer :- False 3) In order to meet performance requirements, you may have to denormalize portions of the database design. Answer :- True 4) Denormalization produces a lower normal form. Answer :- True 5) Normalization is a very important database design ingredient and the highest level is always the most desirable. Answer :- False 6) A table is in BCNF if every determinant in the table is a candidate key. Answer :- True 7) A table is in fourth normal form if it is in third normal form and has no independent multivalued dependencies. Answer :- True 8) Repeating groups must be eliminated by making sure that each row defines a single entity. Answer :- True 9) It is possible for a table in 2NF to exhibit transitive dependency, where the primary key may rely on one or more nonprime attributes to functionally determine other nonprime attributes. Answer :- True 10) A determinant is any attribute whose value determines other values within a column. Answer :- False 11) A dependency of one nonprime attribute on another nonprime attribute is a partial dependency. Answer :- False 12) Attributes should clearly define participation, connectivity, and document cardinality. Answer :- False.
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Normalization
this presentation about of normalization and introduction of normalization and its forms with explanation
b - Normalizing a Data Model
Normalization is the process of organizing data in a database to minimize redundancy and dependency. There are several normal forms that were developed to classify how data should be structured, including first normal form (1NF), second normal form (2NF), and third normal form (3NF). 1NF requires each attribute to hold a single value and no repeating groups, 2NF adds that non-key attributes depend on the whole primary key, and 3NF extends this to eliminate transitive dependencies between non-key attributes. Normalization improves data integrity and efficiency of updates while denormalization improves query performance by duplicating some data.
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Normalisation is a process that structures data in a relational database to minimize duplication and redundancy while preserving information. It aims to ensure data is structured efficiently and consistently through multiple forms. The stages of normalization include first normal form (1NF), second normal form (2NF), third normal form (3NF), Boyce-Codd normal form (BCNF), fourth normal form (4NF) and fifth normal form (5NF). Higher normal forms eliminate more types of dependencies to optimize the database structure.
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The document discusses database normalization. Normalization is the process of organizing data to avoid data redundancy and inconsistencies. It involves splitting tables and rejoining them through relationships. There are several normal forms that data can be organized into from 1st normal form to 5th normal form, each addressing different types of dependencies and relationships to minimize data anomalies. The goal of normalization is to organize data to reduce storage, improve flexibility, and avoid data problems like duplication, insertion, deletion, and update anomalies.
please answer these true and false questions . note ple.pdf
please answer these true and false questions .
note: please make sure it\'s the right choice. thanks 1 works through a series of stages called
normal forms Normalization 2. Normalization is a process that is used for changing attributes to
entities b, False 3. In order to meet performance requirements, portions of the database design
may need to be occasionally denormalized 4. Denormalization produces a lower normal form. b,
False 5. Normalization is a very important database design ingredient, and the highest level is
always the most desirable a. True 6. Reporting anomalies in a table can cause a multitude of
problems for managers and can be fixed through application programming a. True 7. Data
redundancy produces data anomalies. b. False 8, The objective of normalization is to ensure that
each table conforms to the concept of wellformed relations a True b. False 9. Relational models
view data as part ofa table or collection of tahles in which all key values must be identified. b,
False 10. Repeating groups must be e nated by ensuring hat each row defines a single entity. b,
False
Solution
Ans 1) True
Explanation:- Normalisation is a process to minimise data redundancy and increase database
performance. It works by converting tables into normal forms like 1NF,2NF,3NF etc.,
Ans 2) False
Explanation:- During normalisation we wont change attributes to entities, just we create new
tables and shift attributes from table to other table.
Ans 3) True
Explanation:- Denormalisation is a process used to increase database performance by adding
some redundant data to normalised table to reduce some database problems associated with
queries that combine data from various tables to produce output.
Ans 4) False
Explanation :- Denormalisation involves adding some redundant data to normalised tables and it
wont produce any lower normal form..
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This document discusses relational database design. It defines relational databases as collections of tables with rows and columns. Each row represents a record and each column represents an attribute. The goals of relational database design are to store information without redundancy and retrieve it easily. Normalization is described as organizing data to reduce redundancy and improve integrity. The benefits of normalization include avoiding duplicate data and null values. Types of normalization discussed include first normal form, second normal form, third normal form, and Boyce-Codd normal form.
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1) Database normalization is the process of organizing data in a database to minimize redundancy and dependency. It involves creating tables and relationships between tables according to specific rules.
2) There are five normal forms - first, second, third, fourth, and fifth normal form - that each aim to eliminate a particular type of undesirable dependency or redundancy. Achieving each subsequent normal form results in a better organized database structure.
3) The goals of normalization include removing duplication, reducing storage needs, simplifying data retrieval and queries, and defining more efficient and flexible data structures. It helps produce a higher quality, better designed database.
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Recommended
Normalization
this presentation about of normalization and introduction of normalization and its forms with explanation
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Normalization is the process of organizing data in a database to minimize redundancy and dependency. There are several normal forms that were developed to classify how data should be structured, including first normal form (1NF), second normal form (2NF), and third normal form (3NF). 1NF requires each attribute to hold a single value and no repeating groups, 2NF adds that non-key attributes depend on the whole primary key, and 3NF extends this to eliminate transitive dependencies between non-key attributes. Normalization improves data integrity and efficiency of updates while denormalization improves query performance by duplicating some data.
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please answer these true and false questions . note ple.pdf
please answer these true and false questions .
note: please make sure it\'s the right choice. thanks 1 works through a series of stages called
normal forms Normalization 2. Normalization is a process that is used for changing attributes to
entities b, False 3. In order to meet performance requirements, portions of the database design
may need to be occasionally denormalized 4. Denormalization produces a lower normal form. b,
False 5. Normalization is a very important database design ingredient, and the highest level is
always the most desirable a. True 6. Reporting anomalies in a table can cause a multitude of
problems for managers and can be fixed through application programming a. True 7. Data
redundancy produces data anomalies. b. False 8, The objective of normalization is to ensure that
each table conforms to the concept of wellformed relations a True b. False 9. Relational models
view data as part ofa table or collection of tahles in which all key values must be identified. b,
False 10. Repeating groups must be e nated by ensuring hat each row defines a single entity. b,
False
Solution
Ans 1) True
Explanation:- Normalisation is a process to minimise data redundancy and increase database
performance. It works by converting tables into normal forms like 1NF,2NF,3NF etc.,
Ans 2) False
Explanation:- During normalisation we wont change attributes to entities, just we create new
tables and shift attributes from table to other table.
Ans 3) True
Explanation:- Denormalisation is a process used to increase database performance by adding
some redundant data to normalised table to reduce some database problems associated with
queries that combine data from various tables to produce output.
Ans 4) False
Explanation :- Denormalisation involves adding some redundant data to normalised tables and it
wont produce any lower normal form..
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How did the tail of the swordtail fish evolveSolutionThe swor.pdf
How did the tail of the swordtail fish evolve?
Solution
The swordtail fish (Xiphophoroushellerii) has distinguishing features in male fishes and female
fishes. The male fishes have a sword-like tail and an organ called gonopodium. This tail is an
extension of the caudal fin and is ornamental. The female fishes do not have the characteristic
tail and lack the gonopodium.
The evolution of tail in swordtail fishes is guided by sexual selection and not natural selection. It
has been hypothesized that ancestrally the female fishes preferred to mate with swordtail bearing
fishes rather that the swordless counterparts. Female preference drove the evolution of the tail in
males and the tail-less trait eventually disappeared..
Helen Bowers was stumped. Sitting in her office at the plant, she po.pdf
Helen Bowers was stumped. Sitting in her office at the plant, she pondered the same questions
she had been facing for months: how to get her company’s employees to work harder and
produce more. No matter what she did, it didn’t seem to help much.
Helen had inherited the business three years ago when her father, Jake Bowers, passed away
unexpectedly. Bowers Machine Parts was founded four decades ago by Jake and had grown into
a moderate-size corporation. Bowers makes replacement parts for large-scale manufacturing
machines such as lathes and mills. The firm is headquartered in Kansas City and has three plants
scattered throughout Missouri.
Although Helen grew up in the family business, she never understood her father’s approach. Jake
had treated his employees like part of his family. In Helen’s view, however, he paid them more
than he had to, asked their advice far more often than he should have, and spent too much time
listening to their ideas and complaints. When Helen took over, she vowed to change how things
were done. In particular, she resolved to stop handling employees with kid gloves and to treat
them like what they were: the hired help.
In addition to changing the way employees were treated, Helen had another goal for Bowers. She
wanted to meet the challenge of international competition. Japanese firms had moved
aggressively into the market for heavy industrial equipment. She saw this as both a threat and an
opportunity. On the one hand, if she could get a toehold as a parts supplier to these firms,
Bowers could grow rapidly. On the other, the lucrative parts market was also sure to attract
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highly productive and profitable Japanese firms.
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goals. For one thing, she increased production quotas by 20 percent. She instructed her first-line
supervisors to crack down on employees and eliminate all idle time. She also decided to shut
down the company softball field her father had built. She thought the employees really didn’t use
it much, and she wanted the space for future expansion.
Helen also announced that future contributions to the firm’s profit-sharing plan would be phased
out. Employees were paid enough, she believed, and all profits were the rightful property of the
owner—her. She also had private plans to cut future pay increases to bring average wages down
to where she thought they belonged. Finally, Helen changed a number of operational procedures.
In particular, she stopped asking other people for their advice. She reasoned that she was the boss
and knew what was best. If she asked for advice and then didn’t take it, it would only stir up
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All in all, Helen thought, things should be going much better. Output should be up and costs
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profits.
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Normalization
Normalization is the process of organizing data in a database to minimize redundancy and dependency. It involves arranging the data into tables and establishing relationships between those tables according to certain forms. The three normal forms - first, second, and third normal form (1NF, 2NF, 3NF) - aim to eliminate different types of structural flaws and anomalies that can occur within the database design. Higher normal forms like BCNF and 4NF further reduce structural problems by removing non-key attributes and multi-valued dependencies.
Normalizatrion.ppt
The document discusses database normalization. It defines several normal forms including 1NF, 2NF, 3NF, and BCNF. To normalize a database, attributes are grouped into tables to minimize redundancy and avoid anomalies. Functional dependencies between attributes are used to determine the normal form. Tables may need to be split during normalization to remove partial or transitive dependencies on primary keys.
Similar to Normalization work as through a series of stages called normal forms .pdf (20)
Dependencies in various topics like normalisation and its types
Dependencies in various topics like normalisation and its types
Chapter Four Logical Database Design (Normalization).pptx
Chapter Four Logical Database Design (Normalization).pptx
Chapter – 4 Normalization and Relational Algebra.pdf
Chapter – 4 Normalization and Relational Algebra.pdf
Normalization ppt for RDBMS PPT FOR BCA and for computer science student..pptx
Normalization ppt for RDBMS PPT FOR BCA and for computer science student..pptx
Relational Theory for Budding Einsteins -- LonestarPHP 2016
Relational Theory for Budding Einsteins -- LonestarPHP 2016
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How did the tail of the swordtail fish evolveSolutionThe swor.pdf
How did the tail of the swordtail fish evolve?
Solution
The swordtail fish (Xiphophoroushellerii) has distinguishing features in male fishes and female
fishes. The male fishes have a sword-like tail and an organ called gonopodium. This tail is an
extension of the caudal fin and is ornamental. The female fishes do not have the characteristic
tail and lack the gonopodium.
The evolution of tail in swordtail fishes is guided by sexual selection and not natural selection. It
has been hypothesized that ancestrally the female fishes preferred to mate with swordtail bearing
fishes rather that the swordless counterparts. Female preference drove the evolution of the tail in
males and the tail-less trait eventually disappeared..
Helen Bowers was stumped. Sitting in her office at the plant, she po.pdf
Helen Bowers was stumped. Sitting in her office at the plant, she pondered the same questions
she had been facing for months: how to get her company’s employees to work harder and
produce more. No matter what she did, it didn’t seem to help much.
Helen had inherited the business three years ago when her father, Jake Bowers, passed away
unexpectedly. Bowers Machine Parts was founded four decades ago by Jake and had grown into
a moderate-size corporation. Bowers makes replacement parts for large-scale manufacturing
machines such as lathes and mills. The firm is headquartered in Kansas City and has three plants
scattered throughout Missouri.
Although Helen grew up in the family business, she never understood her father’s approach. Jake
had treated his employees like part of his family. In Helen’s view, however, he paid them more
than he had to, asked their advice far more often than he should have, and spent too much time
listening to their ideas and complaints. When Helen took over, she vowed to change how things
were done. In particular, she resolved to stop handling employees with kid gloves and to treat
them like what they were: the hired help.
In addition to changing the way employees were treated, Helen had another goal for Bowers. She
wanted to meet the challenge of international competition. Japanese firms had moved
aggressively into the market for heavy industrial equipment. She saw this as both a threat and an
opportunity. On the one hand, if she could get a toehold as a parts supplier to these firms,
Bowers could grow rapidly. On the other, the lucrative parts market was also sure to attract
more Japanese competitors. Helen had to make sure that Bowers could compete effectively with
highly productive and profitable Japanese firms.
From the day Helen took over, she practiced an altogether different philosophy to achieve her
goals. For one thing, she increased production quotas by 20 percent. She instructed her first-line
supervisors to crack down on employees and eliminate all idle time. She also decided to shut
down the company softball field her father had built. She thought the employees really didn’t use
it much, and she wanted the space for future expansion.
Helen also announced that future contributions to the firm’s profit-sharing plan would be phased
out. Employees were paid enough, she believed, and all profits were the rightful property of the
owner—her. She also had private plans to cut future pay increases to bring average wages down
to where she thought they belonged. Finally, Helen changed a number of operational procedures.
In particular, she stopped asking other people for their advice. She reasoned that she was the boss
and knew what was best. If she asked for advice and then didn’t take it, it would only stir up
resentment.
All in all, Helen thought, things should be going much better. Output should be up and costs
should be way down. Her strategy should be resulting in much higher levels of productivity and
profits.
.
Dr. A. conducts a study on the effect of distraction on learning. Dr.pdf
Dr. A. conducts a study on the effect of distraction on learning. Dr. A goes to a local mall and
asks shoppers to participate in her study. Those who agree to participate are then randomly
assigned to one of three groups. The first group is placed in a quiet room; the second group is
placed in a room with a moderate level of background noise; the third group is placed in a room
with a high level of background noise. All participants are then given a learning task to complete.
The type of sampling strategy used by Dr. A is best characterized as:
a. Random
b. Stratified
c. Convenience
d. Snowball
Solution
a. Random.
Discuss the function and importance of conceptual modeling.Solut.pdf
Discuss the function and importance of conceptual modeling.
Solution
A conceptual model is a symbol of a system, complete of the work of art of concepts which are
used to assist people know, appreciate, or simulate a topic the model represent. Some models are
physical objects. For example, a toy representation which may be assemble, and may be
complete to work like the thing it represents.
To stand for data in an comprehensible way.
1. improve an individual’s understanding of the catalog.
2. Facilitate efficient delivery of database details connecting database stakeholders
3. Provide a point of orientation for database designer to extract file specifications
4. Document the catalog for future reference and give a means for association.
Dave threw a ball into the air while standing on a 10 foot tall tabl.pdf
Dave threw a ball into the air while standing on a 10 foot tall table. The height, h(t), of the ball t
seconds after it is tossed is can be modeled by the function h(t) = 16t 2 + 32t + 10
How long was the ball in the air?
Solution
h(t) = 16t^2 + 32t + 10
we need to find time t at which h(t) = 0
h(t) = 16t^2 + 32t + 10 = 0
16t^2 -32t - 10 = 0
8t^2 -16t - 5 = 0
solving for t we get,
t= 2.27 s and t = -0.27 s
since t can\'t be negative
t = 2.27 s
Answer: 2.27 s.
Darwin was not the first to consider evolution as a processes but.pdf
Darwin was not the first to consider evolution as a processes but he did come up with the first
effective explanation for how it happens. Describe Darwin\'s theory of evolution by natural
selection. Explain how this theory was a major advance over prior ideas as to how organisms
changed over time. Give evidence in support of evolution and describe the driving forces for
evolutionary change.
Darwin was not the first to consider evolution as a processes but he did come up with the first
effective explanation for how it happens. Describe Darwin\'s theory of evolution by natural
selection. Explain how this theory was a major advance over prior ideas as to how organisms
changed over time. Give evidence in support of evolution and describe the driving forces for
evolutionary change.
Solution
Darwin theory was based on the study of size of small birds beaks which were found on the
Galapoes island.. He found that with time and areas the size of the bird\'s beak were different in
size and shape ie their size increases. . This were due to the fact that the due to to the avalaibilty
of their different foods their beaks size also changes and increased in size..!! It was due to the
evolution which was further carried out to their future generations..!!
The driving force are those forces which results in evolution..
The factors are
Mutation
Natural selection.
Gene flow.
Genetic drift..
Consider the following pedigree, which traces the inheritance of a si.pdf
Consider the following pedigree, which traces the inheritance of a single-gene hereditary
disease. Only individuals that are either affected or normal are shown. In other words, potential
heterozygotes are NOT indicated. Characterize each of the following modes of inheritance as:
impossible, unlikely, or probable. Justify your answers. Autosomal dominant Autosomal
recessive X-linked dominant X-Iinked recessive Y linked
Solution
Single gene herediary diseases are mainly caused by a change of any one gene in a particular
DNA.Its divided into diiferemt categories like dominant ,recessive and X linked.Square indicates
a male and circle female.According to the diagram affected male is crossed with an unaffected
female.The progeny obtained is affected daughters and unaffected sons.
Autosomal dominant: in this case, the father — has a 50 percent chance of having an affected
child with one mutated gene (dominant gene) and a 50 percent chance of having an unaffected
child with two normal genes (recessive genes).But, in our case none of the sons are affected
which means its criss cross inheritance that is from father to daughter.Hence , this case is
unlikely
Autosomal recessive:To have an autosomal recessive disorder, you inherit two mutated genes,
one from each parent. These disorders are usually passed on by two carriers.The cross given in
the question is not between the two carriers.The male parent is affected for sure hence this case is
impossible
X linked dominant:As in autosomal dominant inheritance, only one copy of a disease allele on
the X chromosome is required for an individual to be susceptible to an X-linked dominant
disease.Both males and females can be affected, although males may be more severely affected
because they only carry one copy of genes found on the X chromosome. Some X-linked
dominant disorders are lethal in males.When a female is affected, each pregnancy will have a
one in two (50%) chance for the offspring to inherit the disease allele. When a male is affected,
all his daughters will be affected, but none of his sons will be affected.So, there are probable
chance for this type of inheritance
X linked recessive:For X-linked recessive disorders, an affected father who has a mutation in a
gene on the X chromosome can transmit either the X chromosome with this mutation or a Y
chromosome to his children. If the mother is not affected or a carrier, none of his sons will be
affected since they can only inherit a normal X chromosome from their mother and they inherit a
Y chromosome from their father. Each daughter will have a 50% chance of being an unaffected
carrier and a 50% chance of both X chromosomes being normal.In our cross all daughters are
affected which means this type of inheritance is impossible
Y linked:This type of inheritance is impossible in this case as all female children are getting
affected.If it would have been Y linked then only sons should have been affected as Y
chromosome is present only in males.Hence this.
Can heat flow through an object whilst it remains at a steady temper.pdf
Can heat flow through an object whilst it remains at a steady temperature without a change in
entropy?
For example: water boiling on a stove.
Solution
Yes, it can be possible. It is the case when the amount heat provided to the system is equal to the
heat given by the system.
e.g. While water boils, heat given to the water is lost in the form of water vapour..
A mutant strain of E. coli is found that produces both beta-galactos.pdf
A mutant strain of E. coli is found that produces both beta-galactosidase and permease at high
levels whether lactose is present or not.
(a) What are two possible genotypes for this mutant?
Another mutant is isolated that produces no beta-galactosidase at any time but produces
permease if lactose is present in the medium. A merodiploid strain is formed from these two
mutants. in the absence of lactose, neither beta-galactosidase nor permease is made. When
lactose is added, the merodiploid strain makes both beta-galactosidase and permease.
(b) What is the genotype of the merodiploid strain?
Solution
A mutant of E. coli is found that produces both beta - galactosidase and permease at high levels
in the presence or absence of lactose
a) The two possible genotypes for this mutant is given as-:
F+ Z+ Y+
Now another mutant is isolated that produces no beta-galactosidase at any time but produces
permease if lactose is present in the medium.
The genotype for this mutant is given as-:
F- Z- Y-
Given a merodiploid strain is formed from these two mutants.
Merodiploid is partially diploid bacterium having its own chromosome and a fragment that is
introduced either by conjugation, transformation or transduction. It is given by-:
F+ Z+ Y+ x F- Z- Y-
=F\' Z+ - Y-
b) The genotype for the merodiploid strain is F\' Z+ - Y-
For Merodiploid strain in the absence of lactose, neither beta-galactosidase nor permease is
formed but in the presence of lactose both beta-galactosidase and permease is produce.
As mutant 1 have the ability to make beta-galactosidase in the absence or presence of lactose but
the mutant 2 is unable to make beta-galactosidase at any time so in the new mutant the gene for
beta galactosidase is expressed only in the presence of lactose.
Also the permease producing gene of 2 mutant is dominant that is the reason the merodiploid
strain produces permease in the presence of lactose but not in the absence of lactose..
An unknown individual launches a series of attacks against the Web s.pdf
An unknown individual launches a series of attacks against the Web sites of Prime Sales
Corporation. The attacks significantly slow the sites, leading to $100 million in damage in terms
of lost work time, lost revenue, site repair costs, and other expenses. The attacker does not intend
to profit from the onslaught and in fact does not realize any financial benefit from the effects.
How is this attack most likely orchestrated? Who is most likely to engage in this act—that is,
whose habits and limitations are clearly suited to such conduct—and why?
Solution
Most probably the website is slowed by a DDOS (Distributed Denial of Service) attack. In this
attack the hacker sends multiple fake requests from different servers with the intention of
slowing down the service to legitimate users. The most likely suspect is an anonymous hacking
group. These groups are formed by professional hackers who come together for a common cause.
The most likely reason might to gain attention or the group considers something the company is
doing as against their beliefs..
Youve completed an interrupted mating experiment in E. coli, the l.pdf
You\'ve completed an interrupted mating experiment in E. coli, the leu gene enters before the
aln gene. For this experiment, you crossed an Hfr that is leu^+ gln^+ with an F- that is leu^-
gln^-. Exconjugant cultures are plated on minimal medium supplemented with leonine but not
glutamine, and 250 total colonies were observed. Each of those colonies was then plated on
minimal medium containing no leonine or glutamine; only 200 of the cultures grew under these
conditions. What are the genotypes of the two different cultures? So, what likely happened at
the cellular/molecular level to allow some cells to grow without glutamine supplementation, but
not all? Make sure you explain/support your answer. (lessthanorequalto 4 sentences)
Solution
a) leu and gln gene\'s are the genotypes of the two different cultures.
b) because of this minimal medium supplemented and Hfr , F for combination of any two
moleucles or ions the opposite signs of its bonding makes stable for a molecule. so, this
molecules will allow.this makes cellular/moleculer level to allow some cells to grow without
glutamine supplementation..
Write the following Scheme functions in JavaSolutionimport ja.pdf
Write the following Scheme functions in Java:
Solution
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.List;
public class Neshted {
public static String neshted_list(List list){
String output = \"\";
float count =0;
for(int i : list){
if(count == list.size()/2){
if(list.size() %2 == 0)
output += \"()\";
else
output += \"(\";
}
if(count=list.size()/2) {
output += i+\")\";
}
count ++;
}
return output;
}
public static void main (String args[]){
Integer[] values = {4,5,3,2,8};
List list = Arrays.asList(values);
System.out.println(neshted_list(list));
}
}.
Write a C program to enter a first name, middle name and last name i.pdf
Write a C program to enter a first name, middle name and last name in separate variables.
After entering each name at the keyboard, call a function named convert that will capitalize the
first letter of the name and set the rest of the name to lowercase (for example, jOhN
becomesJohn). The convert function will be called three times-- once for the first name, once for
the middle name, and once for the last name.
Combine the properly capitalized names into one string and output the string (make sure you
have a space between each part of the name). Count the number of characters in the total name
(including spaces between names) and output that total also.
Include descriptive comments in your source code.
Solution
#include
#include
#include
void Convert(char string[])
{
int i;
int len = strlen(string); //compute length of string
string[0] = toupper(string[0]); // capitalize first character of the string
for (i=1;i.
Why do the soft technologies open more opportunities for women To w.pdf
Why do the soft technologies open more opportunities for women? To what extent have these
technologies impacted the perceptions of men’s and women’s roles in the economy, within
marriage, and in society as a whole?
Solution
Now a days Woman is playing a very important role in every field of the economy.Either
Agriculture or education or any part of the manufacturing area. I am also agree from this
statement, beacuse after marriage so many responsibilities increase its libilities through these soft
techniqe she can hendle her all task very easily.
Technology is a vital element for any community. It plays a significant role in food security,
agriculture and small scale production. Women use technical skills and knowledge in their daily
activities; they continually innovate and adapt technologies in response to things they face in
their everyday lives. However, their role and technical skills are often overlooked and
undervalued.
There are four main reasons why women are less visible in the application of technology than
men:.
What are the difference between the testes of a frog and a rat in te.pdf
What are the difference between the testes of a frog and a rat in terms of tunica albuginea,
interstitial cells, seminiferous tubules, basement membrane, sertoli cells
Solution
STRUCTURES
FROG
RAT
TUNICA ALBUGINEA
Thick fibrous sheet of connective tissue.
Composed of collagen fibers and occasional smooth muscle cells.
INTERSTITIAL CELLS
Endocrinal in nature and secrete mainly androsterone and testosterone
Major source of testosterone and also participate in steroid biosynthesis.
SEMINIFEROUS TUBULES
Lined by single layer of cuboidal cells. These cuboidal cells form the germinal epithelium
Germinal epithelial component is absent
SERTOLI CELLS
Involved In providing nutrients to mature spermatozoa
Capable of steroid biosynthesis and secretion of inhibin and androgen binding protein
STRUCTURES
FROG
RAT
TUNICA ALBUGINEA
Thick fibrous sheet of connective tissue.
Composed of collagen fibers and occasional smooth muscle cells.
INTERSTITIAL CELLS
Endocrinal in nature and secrete mainly androsterone and testosterone
Major source of testosterone and also participate in steroid biosynthesis.
SEMINIFEROUS TUBULES
Lined by single layer of cuboidal cells. These cuboidal cells form the germinal epithelium
Germinal epithelial component is absent
SERTOLI CELLS
Involved In providing nutrients to mature spermatozoa
Capable of steroid biosynthesis and secretion of inhibin and androgen binding protein.
Which of the following occurs with disruptive selectiona. Natural .pdf
Which of the following occurs with disruptive selection
a. Natural selection favors phenotypes of one extreme, resulting in a population mean shift over
several generations
b. Natural selection favors phenotypes of both extremes, resulting in an increase in intermediate
phenotypes over time
c. Natural selection favors phenotype values near the population mean, resulting in no shift in
mean trait value over time and a more narrow bell curve
d. Natural selection selects against trait values that are close to the population mean, resulting in
a bimodal distribution of trait values
Solution
Disruptive selection happens when conditions favor individuals at both extremes of a phenotypic
range over individuals with intermediate phenotypes. one example is a population of black-
bellied seedcracker finches in Cameroon whose members show two distinctly different beak
sizes. small-billed birds feed generally on soft seeds, whereas large-billed birds specialize in
cracking hard seeds. it seems that birds with intermediate-sized bills are comparatively
inefficient at cracking both types of seeds and thus have lower relative fitness..
When comparing replicate populations of plants that are grown in the .pdf
When comparing replicate populations of plants that are grown in the field or in controlled
greenhouse conditions, the field population will likely have _ V_E, _ V_P, and heritability. [no
written explanation necessary] higher/higher/higher higher/higher/lower higher/lower/higher
higher/lower/lower lower/higher/higher lower/higher/lower lower/lower/higher
lower/lower/lower
Solution
Correct answer: g
Enivornmental variation (VE) is lower and Phenotypic Variation (VP)is lower, Heritability is
higher.
What is wrong with the following definition of headInsertstruct N.pdf
What is wrong with the following definition of headInsert?
struct Node {
int item;
Node* link; };
typedef Node* NodePtr;
void headInsert(NodePtr& head, int data) {
NodePtr tmp = new Node;
tmp->item = data;
head->next = tmp;
tmp->next = head->next;
}
NodePtr head; headInsert(head, 4);
A. tmp should be declared to be a Node not a NodePtr.
B. head->next is pointing to NULL.
C. Nothing is wrong.
D. If there were any nodes following head they are now lost.
Solution
B. head->next is pointing to NULL.
Because of which tmp is not getting stored in the linked list
Correct Code:
struct Node
{
int item;
Node* link;
};
typedef Node* NodePtr;
void headInsert(NodePtr& head, int data)
{
NodePtr tmp = new Node;
tmp->item = data;
// next of tmp should be assigned head
tmp->link = head;
head = tmp;
}.
What is the BEST way to determine if there are any gaps in your thes.pdf
What is the BEST way to determine if there are any gaps in your thesis or ideas?
A writing an outline
B cubing the assignment
C drafting the essay
D getting feedback from others
Solution
the best way to determine if there are any gaps iin your thesis or ideas is to geeting feedback
from others i.e., option D.
What are two specialized epidermal cells and what do they do for the.pdf
What are two specialized epidermal cells and what do they do for the plant?
Solution
The two specialized epidermal cells in the plant are 1. Guard cells 2. Trichome.
Guard cells are kidney shaped cells with rich green chloroplasts.Guard cells occur in form of
pairs. A pair of guard cells and pore are referred as stomate. Guard cells perform two different
functions. At daytime, guard cells open small pores in the plant epidermal surface allowing
carbon dioxide to diffuse from atmosphere into the chlorenchyma tissue required for the
photosynthesis process. It also regulates oxygen exchange. At night-time guard cells close the
pores in the epidermal cells preventing water loss from leaves. Guard cells can alter the size of
stomata by changing its structure in response to water exchange.
Trichomes are branched hairy projections of modified epidermal cells. Trichomes are multi
cellular with spine shape or hook shaped. Trichomes are branched or unbranched, unicellular or
multicellular. Trichomes function to prevent water loss through evapouration and retains
moisture. It secretes a sticky substance that repels insects..
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Helen Bowers was stumped. Sitting in her office at the plant, she po.pdf
Dr. A. conducts a study on the effect of distraction on learning. Dr.pdf
Dr. A. conducts a study on the effect of distraction on learning. Dr.pdf
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Discuss the function and importance of conceptual modeling.Solut.pdf
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Darwin was not the first to consider evolution as a processes but.pdf
Darwin was not the first to consider evolution as a processes but.pdf
Consider the following pedigree, which traces the inheritance of a si.pdf
Consider the following pedigree, which traces the inheritance of a si.pdf
Can heat flow through an object whilst it remains at a steady temper.pdf
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A mutant strain of E. coli is found that produces both beta-galactos.pdf
A mutant strain of E. coli is found that produces both beta-galactos.pdf
An unknown individual launches a series of attacks against the Web s.pdf
An unknown individual launches a series of attacks against the Web s.pdf
Youve completed an interrupted mating experiment in E. coli, the l.pdf
Youve completed an interrupted mating experiment in E. coli, the l.pdf
Write the following Scheme functions in JavaSolutionimport ja.pdf
Write the following Scheme functions in JavaSolutionimport ja.pdf
Write a C program to enter a first name, middle name and last name i.pdf
Write a C program to enter a first name, middle name and last name i.pdf
Why do the soft technologies open more opportunities for women To w.pdf
Why do the soft technologies open more opportunities for women To w.pdf
What are the difference between the testes of a frog and a rat in te.pdf
What are the difference between the testes of a frog and a rat in te.pdf
Which of the following occurs with disruptive selectiona. Natural .pdf
Which of the following occurs with disruptive selectiona. Natural .pdf
When comparing replicate populations of plants that are grown in the .pdf
When comparing replicate populations of plants that are grown in the .pdf
What is wrong with the following definition of headInsertstruct N.pdf
What is wrong with the following definition of headInsertstruct N.pdf
What is the BEST way to determine if there are any gaps in your thes.pdf
What is the BEST way to determine if there are any gaps in your thes.pdf
What are two specialized epidermal cells and what do they do for the.pdf
What are two specialized epidermal cells and what do they do for the.pdf
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বিসিএস ও ব্যাংক এর লিখিত পরীক্ষা ...+এছাড়া মাধ্যমিক ও উচ্চমাধ্যমিকের স্টুডেন্টদের জন্য অনেক কাজে আসবে ...
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The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
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Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
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• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
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- 1. Normalization work as through a series of stages called normal forms Normalization is a process that is used for changing attributes to entitles. In order to meet performance requirements you may have to denormalize portions design. Denormalization produces a lower normal form. Normalization is a very important database design ingredient and the highest level is always the desirable. A table is in BCNF if every determinant in the table is a candidate key. A table is in fourth normal form if it is in third normal form and has no independent multivalued dependencies. Repeating groups must be eliminated by making sure that each row defines a single entity. It is possible for a table in 2NF to exhibit transitive dependency, where one or more nonprime attributes functionally determine other nonprime attributes. A determinant is any attribute whose value determines other values within a column. A dependency of one nonprime attribute on another nonprime attribute is a partial dependency. Attributes should clearly define participation, connectivity, and document cardinality. An attribute that is part of a key is known as a(n) attribute. important nonprime prime entity Data redundancy produces. slower lookups robust design efficient storage use data integrity problems Solution 1) Normalization works through a series of stages called normal forms. Answer :- True 2) Normalization is a process that is used for changing attributes to entities. Answer :- False 3) In order to meet performance requirements, you may have to denormalize portions of the database design. Answer :- True 4) Denormalization produces a lower normal form. Answer :- True 5) Normalization is a very important database design ingredient and the highest level is always the most desirable. Answer :- False 6) A table is in BCNF if every determinant in the table is a candidate key. Answer :- True 7) A table is in fourth normal form if it is in third normal form and has no independent multivalued dependencies. Answer :- True 8) Repeating groups must be eliminated by making sure that each row defines a single entity. Answer :- True
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