This document summarizes the major organelles and structures found within eukaryotic cells. It describes 17 different parts of the cell including the cell membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus, nuclear envelope, nucleolus, DNA, endoplasmic reticulum, ribosomes, vacuoles, lysosomes, mitochondria, Golgi apparatus, cytoskeleton, centrioles, cilia, flagella, chloroplasts, and cell wall (in plant cells). Each structure is defined by its function and basic structure within the cell.

2. Eukaryotic

3. Cell PartsCells – the
basic unit of life
Organelles -
small structures
inside a cell
with specific
functions.

4. A) Cell Membrane/Plasma
Membrane
Analogy – Rocklin city limits
1. Function: Regulates materials entering and
exiting the cell.
2. Structure: Two layers of phospholipids, proteins
Cell
membrane

5. B) Cytoplasm
1. Function: All cell contents that lie between
the cell membrane and the nucleus.
(organelles + cytosol)
a. Cytosol = liquid portion/non-organelles.
2. Structure: made up of fluid and organelles
except for nucleusAnalogy – All air, water, life that are in Rocklin, except
City Hall
Cytoplasm

6. C) Nucleus
1. Function: “Control Center.” Regulates DNA
& RNA actions.
2. Structure: membrane bound, contains DNA
Analogy – City Hall
Nucleus

7. D) Nuclear
Envelope
Analogy – Walls & Doors of City Hall
1. Function: Regulates what enters or exits
the nucleus.
2. Structure: Double Layer of Lipids
Nuclear
Envelope

8. E) Nucleolus
Analogy – The Mayor
1. Function: Produces RNA, which are used
to make all proteins.
2. Structure: Inside Nucleus, separate from
DNA
Nucleolus

9. F) DNA –
Deoxyribonucleic acid
Analogy – The Laws or City Code
1. Function: information on how to make proteins.
a. Chromatin – unorganized DNA (normal state)
b. Chromosomes – organized DNA (present before cell
division
2. Structure: Made up of nucleotides, locked in the
nucleus
DNA (chromatin)

10. G) Endoplasmic
Reticulum
1. Function: Transportation route for
proteins.
a. Rough ER: has ribosomes
b. Smooth ER: no ribosomes
Rough ER
Smooth ER

11. H) Ribosomes
Analogy – Restaurants, Factories, Builders.
1.Function: Makes proteins.
2.Structure: small circular
organelles
Ribosomes
Free
Ribosomes

12. I) Vacuoles &
Vesicles
Analogy – Grocery stores, water tanks.
1. Function: Storage for water, nutrients
or waste.
2. Structure: small membrane-bound
Vesicles

13. J) Lysosomes
Analogy – Recycling center
1. Function: packets of enzymes that break
down materials in a cell.
2. Structure: Small membrane-bound organelles
Lysosomes

14. K)
Mitochondria
Analogy – PG&E
1. Function: Produce energy for the cell –
site of cellular respiration. “The
Powerhouse”
2. Structure: Double membrane-bound, kidney
Mitochondria

15. L) Golgi
Apparatus
Analogy – Post Office
1. Function: Packages, labels and ships proteins
out of the cell.
2. Structure: Pancake-shaped layered organelle
Golgi
Apparatus

16. M) Cytoskeleton
Analogy – Wood, cement, steel beams
1. Function: Provide support and structure for the
cell.
a. Microfilaments
b. Microtubules
2. Structure: Tubules
Microfilaments
Microtubules

17. N) Centrioles (Animals
Only)
Analogy – Rocklin High School vs. Whitney High
1. Function: microtubules that help divide the
cell during cell division.
• Structure: Tubules
Centrioles

18. O) Cilia & Flagella
1. Function: provides movement for the cell or
objects moving by the cell.
2. Structure:
a. Flagella – 1 long fiber
b. Cilia – many short fibers
Flagella
Flagella Cilia

19. P) Chloroplasts (Plants
only)
1. Function: site of photosynthesis
(converting sun and CO2 into sugar).
2. Structure: Membrane bound organelles
that contain chlorophyll
Chloroplasts

20. Q) Cell Wall (Plant cells
only)
1.Function: Provides support for
the cell and the plant.
2.Structure: Made of cellulose
Cell Wall

21. Thank
You