CAM my presentation

1. ALTERNATIVE SYSTEMOF MEDICINE AND
COMPLEMENTARY THERAPIES
VENBA.E
M.Sc., NURSING II YEAR,
COLLEGE OF NURSING,
MMC,CHENNAI -03.

2. INTRODUCTION
Complementary and alternative medicine plays a significant role
in many aspects of healthcare worldwide including cardiovascular
disease. It includes various healing approaches and therapies and that
are not based on conventional western medicine. These approaches are
often used alongside or instead of conventional medical treatments. The
terms "complementary" and "alternative" are often used
interchangeably, but they have distinct meanings.

3. DEFINITION
Complementary and alternative medicine are group of medical and
healthcare systems, practices, and products that are not presently considered
to be part of conventional medicine.
-National center for complementary and alternative
medicine.
Complementary medicine- is used together with conventional medicine.
Alternative medicine-is used in place of conventional medicine.

4. GLOBAL UTILIZATION
International prevalence varies from 10% to 76%.
India- 70% of population relies on traditional and complementary
medicine for their healthcare needs.
various studies revealed that 30% and 50% of the adult population in
industrialized countries use some type of CAM to prevent or treat a range
of health related complications.

5. DOMAINS OF CAM
Alternative medical systems
Biologically based treatments
Mind body techniques
Manipulative and body-based methods
Energy therapies

6. OBJECTIVES
Promoting holistic health
Prevention and wellness
Individualized treatment
Enhancing quality of life
Integration with conventional medicine
Cultural preservation
Empowerment and patient- centered care

7. CONCEPTS
Several concepts are common to most alternative practices
Holism
Humanism
Balance
Spirituality
Energy
Healing environment

8. ALTERNATIVE MEDICAL SYSTEMS
Alternative medical system are entire systems of health theory and
practice that developed separately from conventional medicine. It includes
Ayurveda Siddha Unani
Homeopathy Naturopathy

9. AYURVEDA
Ayurveda is derived from Sanskrit, consisting of words ayur meaning life and
Veda meaning related to knowledge or science. The earliest mention of
Ayurveda appeared during the Vedic period in India, in the texts of Sushruta
samhitha and charak samhita.
Ayurveda is based on the theory of the three regulatory principles -
doshas(humor) namely vata, pitta and kapha.

10. COMPONENTS
Nutrition
Herbal remedies
Aromatherapy
Massage
Sound therapy
Meditation
Panchakarma(detoxification)

11. COMMONLY USED HERBS
● Terminalia arjunalis-Heart failure and coronary artery disease
● Black pepper with ginger - increases appetite, hypochlorhydria

12. Cont…..
Charaka introduced ten drugs under Hridya Mahakashaya group
that comprises mostly like ascorbic acid of citrus fruits in it. It is proven
that certain phytoconstituents present in these herbs help to maintain a
healthy state of blood vessels including coronary arteries.
Arjuna Pippali
Pushkarmoola Yashlimadhu
Bala Haritaki
Nagabala Dashmoola
Shunthi

13. Cont…
Certain phytoconstituents present in these herbs help to maintain a
healthy state of blood vessels including coronary arteries.
They are possessing hypotensive, hypocholesteremic, anti-platelet and
thrombolytic activities which play a crucial role in the management of
cardio-vascular and cerebrovascular disorders.

14. ARJUNA
Strengthen the Heart muscles
Regulates heartbeat
Reduces cholesterol and blood pressure
Prevents arteries from hardening
Eases blood flow in the coronary artery
Reduces chances of clot formation
Acts as an anti-oxidant regulates diabetes

15. ASHWAGANDHA
Stress buster and immunity booster
Slows down circulation of adrenaline
Reduces stress and treat insomnia
Reduces drowsiness and muscle fatigue
Helps to maintain cholesterol level

16. SIDDHA
The siddha is a form of South Indian Tamil traditional medicine and
part of the trio Indian medicine - Ayurveda, siddha and unani. The system
is developed by the 9 nath and 84 siddha in the North and 18 siddhas in the
South called siddhar.
Humors
 Vatham
 Pitham
 kabam

17. 7 ELEMENTS
Ooneer (Plasma)
Cheneer (blood)
Oon (Muscle)
Koluppu (fatty tissue)
Elumbu (bone)
Sukkilam (semen)

18. DIVINE METHOD
In this method medicine like parpam, chendooram, guru, kuligai made of
mercury, sulfur and pashanams are used.
RATIONAL METHOD
In this method, medicines made of herbs like churanam, kudi eer, vadagam are
used.
SURGICAL METHOD
In this method, incision, excision, heat application, blood letting, leech
application are used.

19. The recommended formulations in Siddha Sasthric Medicines- Fixed
Regimen (SSM-FiRe) are Amukkura tablets, Kaba Sura Kudineer (KSK)
for asymptomatic COVID-19 positive (RT-PCR) patients,
and Athimathuram tablets, Adathodai Manappagu syrup, Thippili
Rasayanam, Brahmananda Bairavam tablet, and Notchi Kudineer for mild
symptomatic patients. The core objective of the trial was to document the
efficacy of SSM-FiRe in the prevention of asymptomatic and mild COVID-
19 disease progression to the next level of severity, reduce the severity of
symptoms and revert to RT-PCR Negative.

20. HERBS& CARDIAC ACTION
Cocos nucifera_Tamil name (THENGAAI)
Tender coconut water, decreases the serum enzymes (CPK, LDH,
SGOT, SGPT) and myocardial damage in isoproterenol treated rats.
Glycyrrhiza glabra _Tamil name (ATHIMADHURAM)
Protected myocardial ischemia/ reperfusion injury.
Vitis vinifera _Tamil name (THIRAATCHAI)
Restored normal mitochondrial function, altered the level of all cardiac
parameters normally.

21. Cynodon dactylon _Tamil name (ARUGAMPUL)
Produces marked reduction in number, duration and incidence of ve
ntricular tachycardia.
Andrographis paniculata _Tamil name (NILAVEMBU)
protects the cardiac myocytes against hypoxia/reoxygenation injury and
antioxidant activity.
Crocus sativus _Tamil name (KUNGUMAPOO)
Crocin modulated the activities of myocardial creatine CK-MB
isoenzymes.

22. Hydrocotyle asiatica_ Tamil name (VALLARAI)
A reduction in left ventricle necrosis and lipid peroxide levels.
Zingiber officinale _Tamil name (INJI)
Significant decline was shown in the activities of cardiac markers such
as ALT, AST, LDH and CK.
Allium cepa _Tamil name (VENGAYAM)
Attenuates ischemia/ hypoxia induced and antioxidant effect.
Curcuma longa _Tamil name (MANJAL)
Augments endogenous antioxidants decline in cardiac function and
oxidative stress.

23. Azadirachta indica _Tamil name (VEMBU)
Cardioprotective antioxidant. A significant increase in heart rate were
observed and showed significant decrease in the level of cardiac marker
enzymes [ (LDH) (SGOT)].
Nigella sativa _Tamil name (KARUNCHEERAGAM)
The extract gives all the parameters (LDH, CPK,AST, ALT, Lipid
profile)were maintained at near normal.

24. OTHER THERAPIES INCLUDE
• Solar therapy
• Purgative therapy
• Physical therapy
• Steam therapy
• Fasting therapy
• Emetic Therapy
• Blood letting therapy

25. UNANI
 As an alternative form of medicine, unani has found favour in Asia, especially
india. Unani medicine is very close to Ayurveda. Both are based on theory of the
presence of the elements in the human body.
 According to followers of unani medicine, these elements are present in different
fluids and their balance leads to health and their imbalance leads to diseases.
ELEMENTS
 Fire
 Water
 Earth
 Air

26. Each person's unique mixture of these substances determines his temperament.
PREDOMINANCE TEMPERAMENT
Blood Sanguine
Phlegm Phlegmatic
Yellow bile/black bile Melancholic

27. DIAGNOSTIC TECHNIQUES IN UNANI MEDICINE:
Unani diagnostic techniques provide valuable insights into
cardiovascular health. Pulse diagnosis (Nabz) helps identify imbalances and
determine the Mizaj of the heart.
The examination of urine (Baul) offers additional information about the
heart’s condition and related issues.

28. HERBAL REMEDIES FOR CARDIOVASCULAR HEALTH:
Unani Medicine harnesses the power of herbs to support heart health and
maintain cardiovascular balance. Here are some commonly used herbs,
Arjun (Terminalia arjuna)
Garlic (Allium sativum)
Hawthorn (Crataegus spp.): Hawthorn supports heart function, improves blood
circulation, and may alleviate chest discomfort.
Guggul (Commiphora mukul): Guggul helps regulate cholesterol levels and reduces
inflammation in the arteries.

29. THERAPEUTICS
● Regimental therapy
● Dieto therapy
● Pharmacotherapy
● Surgery

30. REGIMENTAL THERAPY
Regimental
therapy
Purging
Cauterization
Diuresis
Sweating
Cupping
Vomiting

31. DETOXIFICATION THERAPIES FOR CARDIOVASCULAR
SUPPORT:
Unani Medicine offers various detoxification therapies that may
benefit cardiovascular health:
• Hijama (cupping therapy): Helps improve blood circulation and remove
toxins from the body, potentially supporting heart function.
• Purgation (Ishaal) and bloodletting (Fasd): These procedures, performed
under the supervision of a qualified Unani practitioner, can be beneficial for
specific cardiovascular conditions.

32. HOMEOPATHY
It is a system of therapy based on the concept that disease can be treated
with drugs which are capable of producing the same symptoms in healthy
people as the disease itself.

33. Remedies used in homeopathy are derived from the naturally occurring
substances such as plant extract and minerals.
Ex:
 Arsenium album(arsenic oxide)
 Natrum muriaticum (sodium chloride)
 Thyroidinum (thyroid hormone)
Homeopaths are use treatments called nosodes made from diseased or
pathological products such as fecal, urinary and respiratory discharges, blood and
tissue.
If prepared from healthy specimen are called sarcodes.

34. TREATMENTS
High blood pressure
Arthritis
Dermatitis
Allergies
Depression
Stress
Anxiety
Hay fever
Asthma
Ear infections

35. DIGITALIS
Digitalis is known chiefly for its action on the heart, and it is
rare that a patient suffering from an affection of that organ does
not get Digitalis in some form.
CACTUS GRANDIFLORAS
It controls the inflammatory condition and strengthens the
heart’s contractions, and does not poison the heart like Digitalis
or Strophanthus.
KALMIA LATIFOLIA
Remedy for cardiac hypertrophy, especially after rheumatism.

36. SPIGELIA
Spigelia is another remedy for the painful affections about the heart. It stands
at the head of the list for acute carditis and pericarditis.
CIMICUFUGA
Often indicated in heart troubles, especially when they supervene upon chorea
or rheumatism of the bellies of the muscles.
ARSENICUM
It is especially useful in pericarditis or endocarditis.

37. NATUROPATHY
It is a system of therapy based on preventive care and on the use of heat, water, light of
the whole patient and use of the body natural healing abilities. This system also focuses
on finding the cause of a disease rather than merely treating symptoms
Naturopathic treatment includes :
● Nutrition and dietetic
● Fasting
● Structural adjustment
● Hydrotherapy
● Healthy lifestyle
● Education

38. NUTRITION AND DIETETIC
It includes the prescription of a balanced wholesome natural diet, based on the
principles advocated by Naturopathic practitioners
FASTING
The controlled abstinence from food has been used therapeutically. It is used in
obesity, high blood pressure, arthritis and various allergies.
STRUCTURAL ADJUSTMENT
By such methods as osteopathy, chiropractic, neuromuscular techniques,
postural re education and remedial exercises, the Naturopathic practitioner seeks
to balance and integrate the spine, muscles, ligaments and joints of the whole
body.

39. HYDROTHERAPY
This is the use of water both internally and externally in the form of baths,
packs , compresses, sprays and douches.
HEALTHY LIFESTYLE
It includes the general care of one's body the use of moderate physical
exercise, the cultivation of a positive approach to life and health, relaxation
techniques etc.,
EDUCATION
Naturopathy is based on the belief that the body is self healing. The body will
repair itself and recover from illness spontaneously if it is in a healthy
environment.

40. BIOLOGICALLY BASED TREATMENTS
Biologically based practice in CAM use substances found in nature such as herbs,
foods and vitamins.
1)Herbal medicine
2)Nutritional therapy
HERBAL MEDICINE
It is in the use if individual herbs or combinations of herbs for therapeutic
benefit. An herb is a part of plant (bark, roots, seeds, flowers or fruit) that
produce and contains chemical substances that act on the body.

41. NAME OF THE HERBS USES
Aloe Constipation
Cranberry Prevention of UTI
Echinacea Upper respiratory tract infection
Evening primrose Eczema, skin irritation
Feverfew Prevention of migraine headaches
Garlic Decrease cholesterol
Ginger Nausea and vomiting
Gingo biloba Claudication
Ginseng Enhance immune system
Hawthorn Mild to moderate heart failure

42. NUTRACEUTICALS
It involves use of vitamin and mineral supplements.
NAME OF THE DIETARY
SUPPLEMENTS
USES
Chondroitin sulphate Osteoarthritis
Coenzyme Q10 Hypertension
Fish oil Hypertriglyceridemia
Glucosamine Osteoarthritis
Melatonin Decrease sleep latency
Probiotics Active diarrhea
Red yeast rice High cholesterol
Soy High cholesterol

43. 2.NUTRITIONAL THERAPY
It is a system of healing based on the belief that food as nature intended provides the
medicine we need to obtain and maintain a state of health.
USES
● It is mainly used for disorders ranging from chronic fatigue, energy loss, insomnia
and depression, back pain, skin complaints, asthma and headaches
● Antioxidants are also the nutritional supplements which can remove the free
radicals from human body Nutritional therapy

44. MIND BODY TECHNIQUE
Mind body technique are a group of healing techniques that enhance the mind
interaction with bodily functions to induce relaxation.
Methods
 Hypnotherapy
 Meditation
 Art therapy
 Biofeedback
 Music therapy
 Guided imagenary

45. MEDITATION
State of being with increased concentration and awareness, it regulates their
attention focus on particular aspects of inner or outer experience.
The most highly studied forms of meditation are transcendental meditation
and mind fullness meditation.
USES
● It shows favourable effects on heart and blood vessel function, immunity and
brain activity
● It also used for physical relaxation, mental calmness and favourable
emotional states such as loving kindness.

46. HYPNOTHERAPY
In hypnotherapy people are guided into an advanced
state of relaxation and heightened attention.
USES
It can be used in the following conditions like phobias,
pain syndrome, smoking cessation, conversion disorder,
irritable bowel syndrome, headaches, asthma, some skin
disorder, high blood pressure and anxiety.
Hypnosis may be equally effective in alleviating symptoms
associated with depressive symptoms in the perioperative period.

47. RELAXATION TECHNIQUES
 Relieves tension and strain
 Reducing the activity of sympathetic nervous system
 Lowering blood pressure
 Slowing metabolic processes
 Relax and widen blood vessels,
 keeping blood pressure under control

48.  When your body is in relaxation mode, a different part of your nervous
system takes effect and works to relieve the impact of the stress response.
 As a result, the body starts to release chemicals to:
 lower stress hormone levels
 relax the muscles
 lower blood sugar
 lower blood pressure
 lower heart and breathing rate
 reduce inflammation
 increase the immune response

49. .

51. BIOFEEDBACK STUDIES OF SPECIFIC CARDIOVASCULAR
PARAMETERS
 Commonly these include heart rate, blood pressure, skin temperature, and,
more recently, heart rate variability. In each case, the parameter is
measured and displayed for the subject, and the subject is taught to make
it change in a positive direction through relaxation, thought patterns,
imagery, or some combination of techniques.
 Many times the display of the physiologic parameter and the
demonstration that it can be controlled are quite surprising to the subject
and lead to an enhanced desire to participate in the therapy.

52. QIGONG
Studies suggest that Chinese qigong exercise seems to be an optimal
option for patients with chronic heart diseases who were unable to
engage in other forms of physical activity.
Qigong can improve COPD patients in lung function, exercise
capacity and quality of life who were in the stable stage.

54. MANIPULATIVE AND BODY BASED
PRACTICES
Manipulative and body based practices includes intervention and approaches
that are based on the manipulation or movement of the body.
It includes
● Yoga
● Chiropractic
● Taichi

55. YOGA
Yoga is a Sanskrit word meaning totality and sum or the joining together
It is a scientific system that aims at the practitioner overall health, happiness and a
greater sense of self,. Yoga utilizes stretching posture, breathing and meditation
techniques to calm the emotional state.
BENEFITS:
● Depression
● Mood disturbance
● Cognitive functions
● Control premature ventricular contraction
● Increases body’s ability in using antioxidants

58. CHIROPRACTICE
 In chiropractice, the relationship between the structure of the spine and functions
of the nervous system is thought to be the key in maintaining or restoring health.
 The main method for achieving balance is
 Spinal manipulation.

59. TAICHI
Taichi therapy leads to a relaxation response. This can result in loosening the walls
of the arteries that carrying the blood to the brain.
 It can reduce the blood pressure
 It helps to decrease the anger, anxiety and frustration.
 Lessen pain and increases mobility in osteoarthritis
 headache relief
 Increases balance and stability
 Bone stability

60. ENERGY THERAPIES
Energy medicine is a branch of alternative medicine based on a pseudo scientific
belief that healers can channel healing energy into a patient and effect positive
results.
It includes
 Hand mediated biofield therapies
 Acupuncture
 Reflexology
 Massage therapy

61. HAND MEDIATED BIOFIELD THERAPY
 Biofield therapies (BFTs) are a related group of integrative medicine
interventions in which practitioners use their hands on or above a client’s
body to stimulate healing and well-being.
 Of the family of BFTs, those with a substantive amount of clinical
research are External Qigong, Healing Touch, Reiki and Therapeutic
Touch.

62.  These practices are based on a model in which living systems contribute
to, and exist within, a confluence of electromagnetic forces and other less
conventional phenomena, called biofields, which complement
biochemical regulatory processes.
 Biofield therapists report that they promote the healing response by
sensing and directing a form of energy that is not well-described within
the biomedical model.

63. PHOTO ENERGY THERAPY
Photo energy therapy devices emit near infrared light typically at a wavelength of
880nm.it is believed to stimulate the release of nitric oxide.
BENEFITS
 Increases vasodilation
 Decrease pain

64. SOUND ENERGY THERAPY
It is an interpersonal process in which a trained music therapist uses music and all of
its facets physical, emotional, mental, social, aesthetic and spiritual to help clients to
improve or maintain their health.
BENEFITS
 Reduce stress
 Lower blood pressure
 Pain management
 Improves sleep
 Mood swings
 Reduce the risk of stroke and coronary artery
disease

65. ACCUPUNCTURE
Acupuncture is a form of alternative medicine and a component
of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in which thin needles are inserted
into the body.
Acupuncture, the practice of treating conditions through triggering certain
points on the skin with needles, may help with allergies, migraines, or
insomnia. Acupuncture is an evidence based medicine that has been proven
by literally thousands of studies.

66. Acupuncture appears to be solely responsible for the conversion of atrial
fibrillation to sinus rhythm in this case, as no β-blockers, calcium channel
blockers, or antiarrhythmic medicines were administered before the return to
sinus rhythm. The antiarrhythmic effect noted may be from centrally
mediated autonomic effects or additional mechanisms.

67. REFLEXOLOGY
Reflexology is based on the theory that all areas of the body correspond
with and can be mapped onto areas of the hands and feet. Typically, the feet
are used in reflexology, but in some circumstances, the hands or ears may be
used. Reflexologists use hand and foot maps that illustrate points that
correspond to certain areas of the body.

68. MASSAGE
It includes a range of technique that manipulate the soft tissue and joints of the
body involving touch and movement
USES
● It is used to relieve muscle soreness, pain due to back injury and fibromyalgia
● It is used to prevent injuries to the mother genitals during childbirth, relieve
chronic constipation and controlling asthma.

70. OTHERS
 Aromatherapy
 Spiritual therapy
 Music therapy