The document provides an overview of aviation turbine fuel (ATF), including its properties, importance, specifications, and the issue of fuel contamination. It highlights various grades of jet fuel, major specifications such as ASTM and DEF STAN, and the critical nature of maintaining fuel quality due to potential contaminants. Quality checks for ATF are also discussed, emphasizing the need for visual inspections and density checks.

1. INSIGHT INTO
AVIATION TURBINE
FUEL

2. WILL BE COVERED IN FOLLOWING HEADS
• INTRODUCTION
• AVIATION TURBINE FUEL (ATF)
• FUEL CONTAMINATION
• PRESENT QUALITY CHECKS ON ATF CAN BE CARRIED IN FEILD
AVIATION TURBINE FUEL (ATF)

3. • ATF is specialized type of petroleum based fuel
• ATF source of energy and powers most of modern
generation aero engine/ jet engine aircrafts
IMPORTANCE OF ATF
• Aero engine has to function within pre determined
parameters within specified altitude and flight
speed range. Hence Fuel Has To Be Of Consistent
Quality and airworthy
• ATF acts hydraulic and lubricating medium for fuel
equipments
WHAT IS AVIATION TURBINE FUEL ?

4. AVIATION TURBINE FUEL PROPERTIES
• IMPORTANT PERFORMANCE PROPERTIES OF ATF
• Energy content :- predicted by fuel density
• Combustion Characteristics:- combustion is
continuous in a jet engine
• Stability :- Whose properties remain unchanged
Storage Stability
Thermal stability
• Lubricity :- Lubricity is the ability to reduce friction
between solid surface

5. AVIATION TURBINE FUEL
• Fluidity:- Ability of a substance to flow
Viscosity and freezing point are the physical
properties
• Volatility :- Fuel tendency to vaporize
• Non-corrosivity :- essential that the fuel not
corrodes

6. MAJOR CIVIL AND MILITARY JET FUEL GRADES
• JET A-1:- Most widely used Fuel for jet engine
flash point minimum of 38°C , freeze point
maximum of –47°C
UK specification DEF STAN 91-91
• JET A:- Available in U.S.A only has same flash
point 38°C but a higher freeze point max – 40°C
ASTM D 1655 (Jet A) specification.
• JET B:- Has higher flammability, alternate to JETA-1
an used in cold weather

7. MILITARY JET FUEL GRADES
• JP-4:- This is equivalent to JETB with addition of
corrosion inhibitors
• JP-5:- High Flash point kerosene ,used on
aircraft carriers
• JP-8:- Military equivalent of JET A-1

8. SPECIFICATIONS OF ATF
• Product specifications is a mechanism by which
producers control the properties necessary for
satisfactory and reliable performance
• The major jet fuel specifications are
ASTM D 1655- US specifications for three commercial
jet fuels JETA , JETA1 and JETB.
Defence Standard 91-91- U K Ministry of Defence
maintains this specification.
GOST 10227 - Russian specification
Joint Checklist - Group of oil companies have
combined the most restrictive requirements from
ASTM D 1655 and DEF STAN 91-91

9. SPECIFICATIONS OF ATF
• International Air Transport Association (IATA) :-
publishes Guidance Material for Aviation Turbine
Fuels Specifications.
• Indian Specification :- Q C Specification for Jet A-1 in
India is IS No. 1571: 2001 -7th
Revision

10. SPECIFICATIONS OF ATF- IATA AND ASTM

11. SPECIFICATIONS OF ATF- GOST (RUSSIAN STANDARD)

12. SPECIFICATIONS OF ATF- DEF STD 91-UK

13. FUEL PROPERTY AND SIGNIFICANCE
• Indian specification:- IS No. 1571: 2001 -7th
Revision

14. FUEL CONTAMINATION
• Every transfer of ATF from refinery to aircraft occurs,
there is potential for contamination of the fuel
• Particulate matter and water are the most common
fuel contaminants
• WHY FUEL CONTAMINATION CRITICAL
Aero Engine fuel system has very precision
calibrated orifice/ fuel atomizer as components fuel
burners. The contamination in ATF will affect stable
engine operation

15. ATF FUEL CONTAMINATION
• Fuel Contamination occurs due to fuel transfers from
refinery to Bulk Petroleum Installation.
• Each time fuel transfer potential chance of fuel
contamination.
• Particulate matter and water are the most common
fuel contaminants.
• Particulate Matter
- Dominant source is solid corrosion
- Airborne suspended particles
- Solids from microbial infestation
- Refinery processing materials ( Catalyst fine)

16. WATER CONTAMINATION
• Water comes in from Humid air, Rain water and due
to condensation.
• Water occur in three forms
Dissolved Water :- Water is slightly soluble in ATF .
With Increase in temperature water dissolves
increases.
-ATF contains between 40
to 80 ppm dissolved water at
21deg C.
Free Water:- Exists as a separate liquid phase.
With influence of gravity forms a lower layer of
fuel tank.

17. PARTICULATE CONTAMINATION
• Surfactants:- polar organic compounds can stabilize a
fuel water emulsion by reducing the interfacial
tension.
• Microbes:- Micro organism found in fuels includes
bacteria and fungi. Solids formed by bio growth are
very effective at plugging fuel filters.

18. PRESENT QUALITY CHECKS ON ATF IN FEILDS
• Visual Checks:- To check visually ATF sample is “clear
and Bright” and also for any trace of sediments .
• Density Check:- To Check the density of ATF.
• Water Checks Finding water with help of water
detection capsule
• Fuel sample from bottom of refuller tank checked for
water

19. THANK YOU