This document provides an overview of automotive software. It discusses key terms like OEM, Tier 1, and ECU. It describes the production chain and gives examples of common ECUs. Emerging areas like autonomous driving, electric vehicles, and connectivity are covered. The document also discusses communication protocols, programming languages, technical positions, AUTOSAR standards, development processes like V-Model and Scrum, and recommends training resources.

1. Automotive Software
Basics
Medhat HUSSAIN

2. Abstract
The objective is to give an overview about the
Automotive industry today. No deep technical
details will be covered!

3. AGENDA
 Terms
 Production chain
 ECUs within the vehicle (classification and examples)
 Automotive booming areas (AD, e-mobility and connectivity)
 Communication protocols
 Programming languages used
 Technical positions
 AUTOSAR (Classical and adaptive)
 Processes (V-Model, SCRUM and KANBAN)
 Recommended Sites and Trainings

4. Terms
OEM: Is the car manufacture e.g. BMW, Audi,
VOLVO and …
Tier 1: is first supplying level to the OEMs e.g.
BOSCH, Continental VALEO and …., also they are
the ECUs producers.
Tier 2: is the supplier for the Tier 1, mainly to
provide the HW and our some other tools, e.g.
Vector, Elektrobit
ECU: Electronic control unit

5. Production chain
OEM
Tier1
Tier2

6. ECUs within
the vehicle

7. ECUs Examples
 WCU: wiper control unit
 DCU: Door control unit
 TCM: Top column module
 BCM: Body control module
 ASM: Active safety Module (ADAS)
 HU: Head unit “infotainment unit”
 BMU: Battery management unit
 …

8. ECUs Functionalites Areas
Classical ECUs e.g. WCU, DCU, …
Modern ECUs: e.g. ASM, HU and …

9. ECUs
ECU
Classical
Non-real-
time
Hard-
Real-time
Modern
Non-real-
time
Soft-
Real-time

10. Booming Areas
 AD: Autonomous driving.
 EM: Electrical mobility (electrical vehicles).
 Connectivity: V2X communication (V2V, V2 cloud , ….).
 Infotainment : Head units.

11. Booming Areas

12. Communication

13. Communication
Buses
Intra ECU buses
• I2C
• SPI
• …
Inter ECU buses
• LIN
• CAN
• Flexray
• Ethernet
• …

14. Communication

15. Programming
languages
C/C++, mainly for the low level
and the high performance
functionalities.
Matlab/simulink , mainly for the
application layer modeling
Python, mainly for the scripting
and the integration activities

16. Technical positions
DEVELOPMENT INTEGRATION ARCHITECT

17. AUTOSAR
Overview: AUTomotive Open System ARchitecture

18. AUTOSAR
ASR
Classical Adaptive

19. Classical AUTOSAR

20. Classical AUTOSAR

21. Adaptive AUTOSAR

22. AUTOSAR
 Classical
 OS: OSEK (Electrobit, Vector Oss
and …)
 Limited HW resources needed.
 Static: Suitable for safety critical
applications ASIL-D.
 Architecture: CBA „Component
Based Architecture“
 Adaptive
 OS: Posix (RT Linux, QNX , …)
 Needs high resources
Computational capabilities,
memory and connectivity
bandwidth.
 Dynamic: Suitable for application
till ASIL-B
 Architecture: SOA „Service
Oriented Archietcure“

23. AUTOSAR

24. Processes
 V-Model
 Agile
 SCRUM
 Kanban

25. V-MODEL

26. SCRUM

27. Kanban

28. Recommended Sites and Trainings
 https://www.youtube.com/user/Linux4Embedded
 https://en.cppreference.com/w/
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ihXE1Iu5E3o

29. References
 https://www.autosar.org/