The document summarizes an automotive fuel system report created by engineering students at Somali National University. It provides background on fuel systems and their importance, a brief history of their development, classifications of fuels, descriptions of key fuel system components like the fuel tank, lines, filters, pumps, and carburetor or injectors, as well as an overview of fuel additives and common types used.

1. AUTOMOTIVE FUEL SYSTEM

2. SOMALI NATIONAL UNIVERSITY
FACULTY OF ENGINEERING
GROUP NAMES:
1. ABDINASIR AHMED (B1EN21)
2. ABDIRAHMAN ALI (B1EN24)
3.ABDULLAH HASSAN (B1EN39)

3. CONTENT:
1. INTRODUCTION
2. BRIEF HISTORY
3. CLASSIFICATION OF FUELS
4. FUEL SYSTEM COMPONENTS
5. FUEL ADDITIVES
6. TYPES OF FUEL ADDITIVES

4. 1. INTRODUCTION
 The Automobile can be considered, without any doubt, as one of the
greatest invention of the humankind. Its usage deeply modified the
way that people move and transport the loads.
 The automotive users have been growing roughly in parallel to the
human population growth. Globally, the number of vehicles on the
road reached 1 billion by 2011. one of every seven person in the
world had a vehicle by 2011.
 With the growth in the number of vehicles, fuel consumption has
gone up significantly. A large part of energy consumption is in form
of engine fuels.

5. CONT…
 Automotive fuel system plays a major role in supplying fuel to the
engine. If there is no fuel supply to engine, the vehicle won’t work.
Fuel system plays a major role in running a vehicle. Various types of
fuel systems are used in automobiles because fuel systems vary from
engine to another engine.
 Fuel system contains a variety of parts to store the fuel, supply and
circulate the fuel for an effective way. The major components of the
fuel system are the fuel tank, fuel, filters, fuel lines, fuel pumps, etc.
If any of the components in the fuel system fail, the vehicle will
have a significant drop in performance, or will even stop working.

6. CONT…
 Automotive fuel system stores and supply fuel to the engine. The
engine intake system is where the fuel is mixed with air, atomized,
and vaporized. Then it can be compressed in the engine cylinder and
ignited to produce energy or power.
 A vehicle without fuel system, without supply of fuel, you cannot
move the vehicle even an inch. Speed of the vehicle depends on the
supply of fuel and the design of the fuel system. The better supply of
fuel is the better would be the combustion of the fuel. Better fuel
system leads to better performance of Automotive. A good fuel
supply system should be able to deliver the fuel correctly at the end
of the compression stroke.

7. CONT…
 Automotive uses fuels to combust and produce chemical energy
which is converted into thermal energy, which is further converted
into mechanical work.
 Over the years fuel specifications have evolved considerably to meet
the changing demands of engine manufacturers and consumers. Both
engines and fuels have been improved due to environmental and
energy efficiency considerations.

8. 2.BRIEF HISTORY
 The first gasoline-fueled, four-stroke cycle engine was built in
Germany in 1876. In 1886, Carl Benz began the first commercial
production of motor vehicles with internal combustion engines. By
the 1890s, motor cars reached their modern stage of development.
 Over the years, changes in the design, size, weight, and power of
automobiles all contributed to greater gasoline use. The addition of
amenities such as air conditioning, power steering, power brakes,
automatic windows, and automatic transmissions reduced fuel
economy.

9. CONT…
 It took several more years for the internal combustion engine to
sweep to America.
 Particularly noteworthy in the United States were invented
automotive fuel system by twins Francis E. and Freeland O. Stanley,
who had been school teachers in Maine. For several years, the
“Stanley Steamer” was the fastest vehicle on the road because of the
fuel system. In 1906, the Stanley Rocket set five world speed
records in Daytona Beach, Florida, hitting over 127 miles per hour .
 After the invention of automotive fuel system it played a major role
in supplying fuel to the engine.

10. 3. CLASSIFICATION OF FUELS
 Fuels are classified:
1. crude oil based which are gasoline, diesel fuels, and any other gas
and liquid products
2. non-crude oil based which are namely natural gas based fuels—
compressed natural gas (CNG) and dimethyl-ether—biofuels, like
methanol, ethanol, any other alcohols and different mixtures of
them; biodiesel; biogas oil (mixtures of iso- and n-paraffins from
natural tryglicerides).

11. CONT…
 Engine fuels can be any liquid or gaseous hydrocarbons
used for the generation of power in an internal
combustion engine. There are several materials that can
be used in the internal combustion engine as fuel
component.

13. 4. FUEL SYSTEM COMPONENTS
 Fuel systems vary from engine to engine, they have to supply fuel to
the combustion chamber taking the fuel from tank and control the
amount of fuel supplied in relation to the amount of air.
 The fuel system includes all necessary auxiliary systems/equipment
required to make fuel available for producing the necessary heat.
The equipment required in the fuel system depends on the type of
fuel used. The fuel system is made up of the fuel tank, pump, filter,
and injectors or Carburetor, and is responsible for delivering fuel to
the engine as needed.

14. FUEL SYSTEM MAIN COMPONENTS ARE:
2. RECIRCULATION VALVE.
3. FUEL PRESSURE REGULATOR.
4. INJECTION VALVE.
5. VIBRATION DAMPERS.
6. VENTILATION AND AIR RELEASE.
7. FUEL RUNBACK.
8. FUEL FLOW.
9. AIR RELEASE AND GRAVITY VALVE.
10. FUEL TANK.
11. NON-RETURN VALVE.
12. FUEL PUMP.
13. FUEL FILTER.

15. CONT…
 1. Fuel Tanks: The fuel tank is for storage of fuels in liquid form.
There are many different types and shapes of fuel tanks. Each size
and shape is designed for a specific purpose. The fuel tank must be
capable of storing enough fuel to operate the engine for a reasonable
length of time. The tank must be closed to prevent contamination by
foreign objects. A fuel tank can be located just about anywhere in the
vehicle that meets these requirements.
 Fuel tank contains more elements made together some of them are:
Filler Pipe and Fuel outlet

17. CONT…
 2. Fuel Filters: The fuel filter traps foreign material that may be
present in the fuel, preventing it from entering the carburetor or
sensitive fuel injection components. At least one fuel filter is used in
any fuel system. A fuel filter can be located in any accessible place
along the fuel delivery line. . A fuel filter can be located in any
accessible place along the fuel delivery line. Filters also can be
located inside fuel tanks, carburetors, and fuel pumps.

18. CONT…
 3. Fuel Pumps: The fuel pump delivers fuels from the fuel tank to
the engine. Early automotive equipment used gravity to feed fuel to
the engine. This is no longer practical because it limits the location
of the fuel tank to positions that are above the engine. Pumps can be
mechanical or electrical. The mechanical type of fuel pump is
generally the more popular pump used for fuel engine applications.
It is usually more cheaper than an electric pump. The
electric pump is more desirable because of the electric
pump will supply fuel to the engine immediately after the
ignition key is turned on.

19. CONT…
4. Fuel lines: Fuel lines carry the fuel from the tank to the
engine. Fuel lines can be heavy weight lines for the high
pressures found between the injection pump and the
injectors, medium weight lines for the light or medium
fuel pressures found between the fuel tank and injection
pump, and lightweight lines where there is little or no
pressure.

20. CONT…
5. Carburetors: The process of preparing an air-fuel mixture away
from the cylinders of an engine is called carburetion and the device
in which this process take place is called carburetor. A carburetor
takes the fuel and mixes it with air without computer intervention.
While simple in operation, they tend to need frequent tuning and
rebuilding. This is why newer cars have done away with carburetors
in favor of fuel injection. Main purpose of carburetor is to mix the
right amount of air and fuel and deliver it to the engine.

21. 5. FUEL ADDITIVES
 Automotive uses fuels to combust and produce chemical energy
which is converted into thermal energy, which is further converted
into mechanical work. To increase performance, efficiency, quality
and power of the fuel it is used fuel additives. Fuel additives are
combination of several chemicals.
 In modern automotive fuels, a combination of several chemical
additives is used in order to meet the desired performance level of
the fuel. These chemical additives improve properties of fuels that
cannot be obtained through the refining processes.

22. CONT…
There are six reasons for using additives in fuels:
 To improve handling properties and stability of the fuel.
 To improve combustion properties of the fuel.
 To reduce emissions from fuel combustion.
 To provide engine protection and cleanliness.
 To increase in the economic use of the fuel.
 To establish or enhance the brand image of the fuel.

23. 6. TYPES OF FUEL ADDITIVES
1.Deposit Control Additives (Detergent Dispersants): During
combustion all fuels and engine oils form some deposits in the
engine. However, ideal combustion is not possible and some
products of decomposition are formed that are rich in carbon form
deposits in the engines.
2. Lubricity Improvers: Lubricity improvers and friction modifiers both
work through the action of film formation on the metal surfaces.
However, lubricity improvers are meant for protecting the fuel pump
from wear.

24. CONT…
3. Combustion Improvers: The combustion of the fuels can be
enhanced by the use of a catalyst.
4. Metal Deactivators: Trace amounts of metals like copper or their
soluble compounds accelerate the oxidation of fuels by catalyzing
the reaction, thereby forming gums and deposits at a faster rate.
Copper and its alloys are extensively used in the chemical
processing plants and also in the distribution and automotive fuel
systems.