The document provides an introduction and overview of AutoCAD, a computer-aided drafting software application. It discusses key features such as drawing 2D and 3D shapes, editing objects, zooming and panning functionality, and setting up pages and scales for drawings. The document also outlines topics like object snaps, hatching objects, creating solids, using the world and user coordinate systems, and gives commands for common drawing and editing tasks in AutoCAD.
License: Trialware
Developed by: Autodesk
Stable release: 2020 / March 28, 2019; 6 months ago
Initial release date: December 1982
Operating system: Windows, macOS, iOS, Android
Available in: English Language, German language, MORE
Basic information about Auto-CAD, its uses and application in engineering. Short keys to handle auto-CAD software. This software used in building designing and drawing works.
License: Trialware
Developed by: Autodesk
Stable release: 2020 / March 28, 2019; 6 months ago
Initial release date: December 1982
Operating system: Windows, macOS, iOS, Android
Available in: English Language, German language, MORE
Basic information about Auto-CAD, its uses and application in engineering. Short keys to handle auto-CAD software. This software used in building designing and drawing works.
ZENUS INFOTECH INDIA PVT. LTD. is an ISO 9001:2008 certified Engineer’s Training Company in Roorkee& provides training to the B.E./B.TECH/DIPLOMA/MCA/BCA and related field students in 25+ cutting-edge technologies like AutoCAD, Solid-Works, CATIA, REVIT, Pro-E, UG-NX .NET, JAVA, PHP, Android, Linux, oracle Wireless & Telecommunication and many more. Zenus Infotech always works for the benefit of its students and provide high profile job opportunities for its students
Autocad designing demo for freshers.
ANY ENGINEERING GRADUATE IN MECHANICAL DISCIPLINE NEED TO KNOW ABOUT AUTOCAD AND ITS USE THEN IT WILL BE HELPFUL FOR HIM/HER
CW RADAR, FMCW RADAR, FMCW ALTIMETER, AND THEIR PARAMETERSveerababupersonal22
It consists of cw radar and fmcw radar ,range measurement,if amplifier and fmcw altimeterThe CW radar operates using continuous wave transmission, while the FMCW radar employs frequency-modulated continuous wave technology. Range measurement is a crucial aspect of radar systems, providing information about the distance to a target. The IF amplifier plays a key role in signal processing, amplifying intermediate frequency signals for further analysis. The FMCW altimeter utilizes frequency-modulated continuous wave technology to accurately measure altitude above a reference point.
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER IN CONDENSING HEAT EXCHANGERS...ssuser7dcef0
Power plants release a large amount of water vapor into the
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Additionally, harmful acids released from the stack can be
reduced in a condensing heat exchanger by acid condensation. reduced in a condensing heat exchanger by acid condensation.
Condensation of vapors in flue gas is a complicated
phenomenon since heat and mass transfer of water vapor and
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using an iterative solution technique with calculations of heat
and mass transfer coefficients and physical properties.
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
HEAP SORT ILLUSTRATED WITH HEAPIFY, BUILD HEAP FOR DYNAMIC ARRAYS.
Heap sort is a comparison-based sorting technique based on Binary Heap data structure. It is similar to the selection sort where we first find the minimum element and place the minimum element at the beginning. Repeat the same process for the remaining elements.
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Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
2. The computer-aided drafting program,
AutoCAD, is the most common such program.
It has many, any aids to drawing construction
plans and detail drawings. If changes are later
made in the design, it is quick and easy to
change the drawing in AutoCAD.
a considerable amount of time and money
as compared to traditional prototyping, as
well as facilitating communication and
testing
3. Drawing is the language of engineers
The AutoCAD or computer aided design machine has
been a great help to engineers and also for several
architectures that are finding it impossible to deal with
drawings and plans of the project engineering work and
the bring on the verge of perfection.
Autocad or commonly known as computer aided design
is a software application for writing and design 2D and
3D. He came on stage during the month of December
nineteen hundred and eighty two.
4. AutoCAD is a software application for both 2D and 3D
computer-aided design (CAD) and drafting — available
since 1982 as a desktop application and since 2010 as a
mobile web- and cloud-based app, currently marketed as
Autocad 360.
Developed and marketed by Autodesk, Inc., Autocad was first
released in December 1982 — having been purchased a year
prior in its original form by Autodesk founder John Walker. The
software is currently marketed in its
eighteenth generation.
5. OUTLINE
Giving commands
Object snap
Zooming and panning
Drawing 2D shapes
Drawing 3D shapes
Editing
UCS
Assignment
Drawings are prepared in different
sizes
6. 6
Sl. No. Designation
Trimmed Size
in mm
Un Trimmed
Size (Min) in
mm
1 A0 841 x 1189 880 x 1230
2 A1 594 x 841 625 x 880
3 A2 420 x 594 450 x 625
4 A3 297 x 420 330 x 450
5 A4 210 x 297 240 x 330
6 A5 148 x 210 165 x 240
PAPER SIZE
7. Page set up for AUTOCAD
Drawing
Z enter
S enter
N enter
Choose your scale 1:100
P enter
8. How do we give a command?
Command line
Toolbars
(view/Toolbars)
Drop-down menus
You can pick any one(s) that you are comfortable with.
9. What is OSNAP?
Osnap (Object Snap) settings make it easier
to select a 2d object’s points
Endpoint
Midpoint
Perpendicular
Center
İntersection
Osnap will be active when
AutoCAD is expecting you to
pick a point on the working area
Type osnap on your
command window:
10. Zooming...
You will need to zoom in and out while drawing
with AutoCAD. This doesnt change your objects
or UCS, only the way you see your working
space. This can be done in many ways:
1. Scroll bars
2. Typing z or zoom in your command window.
All
Center
Dynamic
Extents
Previous
Scale
Window
11. Lets draw a LINE:
remember that AutoCAD recognizes an
object by its coordinates. You will need two
given points to draw a line.
(x2,y2,z2)
(x1,y1,z1)
You can start at a random point on your
WCS for your FIRST POINT, but you should
specify the coordinates of your SECOND
POINT.
12. Lets draw a LINE (1):
1. Give the command
Type “line” on the command window, OR
Click on the line icon on the Draw toolbar, OR
Select Line on the Draw menu
2. Specify the first point (a)
Click on a random point on your working area
(black space)
3. Specify the second point in relation to the
first point
@distance<degrees
@5<30
30
a
b
13. Lets draw a LINE (2):
1. Hit F8 (ortho on)
2. Give the command
3. Specify the first point
4. Specify the second point in relation to the
first point
Point the cursor to the left hand side. You will
see that the cursor snaps only to 0o
-90o
-180o
-
270o
Type 7 and hit enter
a b
7 units
14. Lets draw a LINE (3):
If we know the coordinates of the line we want
to draw, we can simply type them into the
command line. (However, this mostly is
not the case.)
1. Give the command
2. Specify the first point (4,8,11)
3. Specify the second point (5,11,23)
a
(4,8,11)
b
(5,22,13)
15. What else?
Rectangle: two diagonal lines
(pick first point, select the second one
with relation to the first. @5<-33)
Circle/Arc: center and radius
Polygon: specify the number of
edges and length of a side
a
b
a
d
d
A small tip: you can use the EXPLODE command for the
tool to split the object into its components or lines
18. Polyline (pline)
The PLINE command creates a chain line
with multiple vertexes and straight or
circular segments between the vertexes
Draw a closed shape with the pline
command:
Then type PEDIT (polyline edit) on the
command line and see what you can do
with it:
Enter an option [Close/Join/Width/Edit
vertex/Fit/Spline/Decurve/Ltype gen/Undo]:
Try Width and Spline
19. Hatching
Hatching is used to add shaded patterns to objects and
shapes within an Autocad drawing. Hatch patterns can
be used to indicate a material to be used, such as a
concrete hatch. Alternatively it could be used to make an
area of a drawing stand out.
You will pick:
Pattern
Scale
Angle
points
20. Solids contain the “mass properties” of 3D objects.
You can use the Solids toolbar for readily accessible
objects
Box
Cylinder
Wedge
You can use the Boolean operations of more
complicated shapes.
Union (join two solids)
Subtract (carve out the second solid from the
first)
Intersection (only the common area)
Drawing SOLIDS
Torus
Cone
Sphere
21. To increase the number of faces
Tools > Options > Display tab >
22. We can create solids by extruding as well
If you “extrude” a surface into the third
dimension, you simply add a thickness in
section. This basically is same as creating a
“solid” object
Extrude 5
units 5 units
Extrude -4
units
4 units
23. UCS and WCS
The AutoCAD world is 3 dimensional. However, if we
want to draw a 2d object, such as a plan or a section,
we will use only 2 dimensions (x and y).
WCS (world coordinate system) is the imaginary plane
that is parallel to the ground. It is the default coordinate
system.
Modifications made to the World Coordinate System
(WCS) result in a User Coordinate System (UCS). It is
the plane that you work on. It enables the user to draw
3 dimensional objects.
To create a new UCS, type ucs on the command window,
then say New and specify 3 points on your new UCS
plane.