Why do children with autism need special care in the first place?Children with autism are different. Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex developmental disability; signs typically appear during early childhood and affect a person’s ability to communicate, and interact with others. Some of the behaviors associated with autism include
•delayed learning of language
•difficulty making eye contact or holding a conversation
•narrow or intense interests
•poor motor skills
•sensory sensitivities
Autism is characterized by a triad of impairments in social interaction, imaginative thought and communication. Some say that Autism is a lifelong developmental disability that affects how a person communicates and relates with other people.
Why do children with autism need special care in the first place?Children with autism are different. Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex developmental disability; signs typically appear during early childhood and affect a person’s ability to communicate, and interact with others. Some of the behaviors associated with autism include
•delayed learning of language
•difficulty making eye contact or holding a conversation
•narrow or intense interests
•poor motor skills
•sensory sensitivities
Autism is characterized by a triad of impairments in social interaction, imaginative thought and communication. Some say that Autism is a lifelong developmental disability that affects how a person communicates and relates with other people.
Autism is a developmental disability significantly affecting verbal and nonverbal communication and social interaction, generally evident before age three
Autism can be detected in children by age 3, and sometimes as early as 18 months. Autistic behaviors vary in type and severity in each child-psychiatrists will place children diagnosed with autism on the autistic disorder spectrum.
Definition, characteristics and challenging behaviors in students with autism. It also gives a brief introduction to positive behavior support interventions.
Overview of the importance of early intervention for children with autism. Discusses some common signs of autism and research based treatment options such as applied behavior analysis (ABA)
Autism is a developmental disability significantly affecting verbal and nonverbal communication and social interaction, generally evident before age three
Autism can be detected in children by age 3, and sometimes as early as 18 months. Autistic behaviors vary in type and severity in each child-psychiatrists will place children diagnosed with autism on the autistic disorder spectrum.
Definition, characteristics and challenging behaviors in students with autism. It also gives a brief introduction to positive behavior support interventions.
Overview of the importance of early intervention for children with autism. Discusses some common signs of autism and research based treatment options such as applied behavior analysis (ABA)
A mental condition, present from early childhood, characterized by great difficulty in communicating and forming relationships with other people and in using language and abstract concepts.
ts an article on inclusive education for leraners with disabilities in kenya. in kenya most children with autism spectrum disorder are usualy not integrated with the non disadbled peers in regular schools. instead they put in special educational programs. in some cases parents with autistic kids may not be aware coz they have no idea of the characteristics of autism. infact even for those who may be aware it becomes very expensive to get a consultant who can give advice on this condition. other times there is a high chance of misdiagonisation of children with autism.
Complex developmental disability in infancy and early childhood, sign and symptom, its treatment via therapist approaches across the child's daily life
Autism is a disease spectrum comprising 4 disorders manifested by disturbed social, emotional and intellectual abilities of a child. This presentation is a brief description of characteristics , problems and management of of an autistic child.
Basavarajeeyam is an important text for ayurvedic physician belonging to andhra pradehs. It is a popular compendium in various parts of our country as well as in andhra pradesh. The content of the text was presented in sanskrit and telugu language (Bilingual). One of the most famous book in ayurvedic pharmaceutics and therapeutics. This book contains 25 chapters called as prakaranas. Many rasaoushadis were explained, pioneer of dhatu druti, nadi pareeksha, mutra pareeksha etc. Belongs to the period of 15-16 century. New diseases like upadamsha, phiranga rogas are explained.
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
CDSCO and Phamacovigilance {Regulatory body in India}NEHA GUPTA
The Central Drugs Standard Control Organization (CDSCO) is India's national regulatory body for pharmaceuticals and medical devices. Operating under the Directorate General of Health Services, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, the CDSCO is responsible for approving new drugs, conducting clinical trials, setting standards for drugs, controlling the quality of imported drugs, and coordinating the activities of State Drug Control Organizations by providing expert advice.
Pharmacovigilance, on the other hand, is the science and activities related to the detection, assessment, understanding, and prevention of adverse effects or any other drug-related problems. The primary aim of pharmacovigilance is to ensure the safety and efficacy of medicines, thereby protecting public health.
In India, pharmacovigilance activities are monitored by the Pharmacovigilance Programme of India (PvPI), which works closely with CDSCO to collect, analyze, and act upon data regarding adverse drug reactions (ADRs). Together, they play a critical role in ensuring that the benefits of drugs outweigh their risks, maintaining high standards of patient safety, and promoting the rational use of medicines.
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control programSapna Thakur
NVBDCP was launched in 2003-2004 . Vector-Borne Disease: Disease that results from an infection transmitted to humans and other animals by blood-feeding arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Examples of vector-borne diseases include Dengue fever, West Nile Virus, Lyme disease, and malaria.
The Gram stain is a fundamental technique in microbiology used to classify bacteria based on their cell wall structure. It provides a quick and simple method to distinguish between Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, which have different susceptibilities to antibiotics
Best Ayurvedic medicine for Gas and IndigestionSwastikAyurveda
Here is the updated list of Top Best Ayurvedic medicine for Gas and Indigestion and those are Gas-O-Go Syp for Dyspepsia | Lavizyme Syrup for Acidity | Yumzyme Hepatoprotective Capsules etc
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of the physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar lead (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
6. Describe the flow of current around the heart during the cardiac cycle
7. Discuss the placement and polarity of the leads of electrocardiograph
8. Describe the normal electrocardiograms recorded from the limb leads and explain the physiological basis of the different records that are obtained
9. Define mean electrical vector (axis) of the heart and give the normal range
10. Define the mean QRS vector
11. Describe the axes of leads (hexagonal reference system)
12. Comprehend the vectorial analysis of the normal ECG
13. Determine the mean electrical axis of the ventricular QRS and appreciate the mean axis deviation
14. Explain the concepts of current of injury, J point, and their significance
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. Chapter 3, Cardiology Explained, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2214/
7. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
Adv. biopharm. APPLICATION OF PHARMACOKINETICS : TARGETED DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMSAkankshaAshtankar
MIP 201T & MPH 202T
ADVANCED BIOPHARMACEUTICS & PHARMACOKINETICS : UNIT 5
APPLICATION OF PHARMACOKINETICS : TARGETED DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS By - AKANKSHA ASHTANKAR
Local Advanced Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex Sys...Oleg Kshivets
Overall life span (LS) was 1671.7±1721.6 days and cumulative 5YS reached 62.4%, 10 years – 50.4%, 20 years – 44.6%. 94 LCP lived more than 5 years without cancer (LS=2958.6±1723.6 days), 22 – more than 10 years (LS=5571±1841.8 days). 67 LCP died because of LC (LS=471.9±344 days). AT significantly improved 5YS (68% vs. 53.7%) (P=0.028 by log-rank test). Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: N0-N12, T3-4, blood cell circuit, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells-CC and blood cells subpopulations), LC cell dynamics, recalcification time, heparin tolerance, prothrombin index, protein, AT, procedure type (P=0.000-0.031). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and N0-12 (rank=1), thrombocytes/CC (rank=2), segmented neutrophils/CC (3), eosinophils/CC (4), erythrocytes/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), stick neutrophils/CC (8), leucocytes/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (error=0.000; area under ROC curve=1.0).
Local Advanced Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex Sys...
Autism
1. B S C N . K R C H N .
O D H I A M B O B E R R I C K
P W A N I U N I V E R S I T Y
AUTISM
2. Autism
Pervasive developmental disorder - autism; Autistic
spectrum disorder
Autism is a developmental disorder that appears in
the first 3 years of life, and affects the brain's normal
development of social and communication skills.
3. Causes, incidence, and risk factors
Autism is a physical condition linked to abnormal biology
and chemistry in the brain.
The exact causes of these abnormalities are unknown.
There are probably a combination of factors that Genetic
factors seem to be important.
For example, identical twins are much more likely than
fraternal twins or siblings to both have autism.
Similarly, language abnormalities are more common in
relatives of autistic children. Chromosomal
abnormalities and other nervous system (neurological)
problems are also more common in families with autism.
4. Other suspected causes
Diet
Digestive tract changes
Mercury poisoning
The body's inability to properly use vitamins and
minerals
Vaccine sensitivity
5. Symptoms
Most parents of autistic children suspect that something
is wrong by the time the child is 18 months old and seek
help by the time the child is age 2. Children with autism
typically have difficulties in:
Pretend play
Social interactions
Verbal and nonverbal communication
Some children with autism appear normal before age 1 or
2 and then suddenly "regress" and lose language or social
skills they had previously gained. This is called the
regressive type of autism
6. S & S Cont
Be overly sensitive in sight, hearing, touch, smell, or
taste (for example, they may refuse to wear "itchy"
clothes and become distressed if they are forced to
wear the clothes)
Have unusual distress when routines are changed
Perform repeated body movements
Show unusual attachments to objects
7. Communication problems
Cannot start or maintain a social conversation
Communicates with gestures instead of words
Develops language slowly or not at all
Does not adjust gaze to look at objects that others are
looking at
Does not refer to self correctly (for example, says "you
want water" when the child means "I want water")
Does not point to direct others' attention to objects
(occurs in the first 14 months of life)
Repeats words or memorized passages, such as
commercials
8. Social interactions
Does not make friends
Does not play interactive games
Is withdrawn
May not respond to eye contact or smiles, or may
avoid eye contact
May treat others as if they are objects
Prefers to spend time alone, rather than with others
Shows a lack of empathy
9. Response to sensory information
Does not startle at loud noises
Has heightened or low senses of sight, hearing,
touch, smell, or taste
May find normal noises painful and hold hands over
ears
May withdraw from physical contact because it is
overstimulating or overwhelming
Rubs surfaces, mouths or licks objects
Seems to have a heightened or low response to pain
10. Play
Doesn't imitate the actions of others
Prefers solitary or ritualistic play
Shows little pretend or imaginative play
11. Behaviors
"Acts up" with intense tantrums
Gets stuck on a single topic or task (perseveration)
Has a short attention span
Has very narrow interests
Is overactive or very passive
Shows aggression to others or self
Shows a strong need for sameness
Uses repetitive body movements
12. Signs and tests
Babbling by 12 months
Gesturing (pointing, waving bye-bye) by 12 months
Saying single words by 16 months
Saying two-word spontaneous phrases by 24 months
(not just echoing)
Losing any language or social skills at any age
15. Complications
Fragile X syndrome
Intellectual disability
Tuberous sclerosis
Some people with autism will develop seizures.
The stresses of dealing with autism can lead to social
and emotional complications for family and
caregivers, as well as the person with autism.