Autism day ppt describing all details regarding autism

1. World Autism
Awareness Day
2nd APRIL

2. What is Autism?
 Autism is a complex neurobehavioral condition
that includes impairments in social interaction
and developmental language and communication
skills combined with rigid, repetitive behaviors.
Because of the range of symptoms, this
condition is now called autism spectrum
disorder (ASD).

3. Causes of autism
 Research indicates that genetics are involved in the vast
majority of cases.
 Children born to older parents are at a higher risk for having
autism.
 Parents who have a child with ASD have a 2 to 18 percent
chance of having a second child who is also affected.
 Studies have shown that among identical twins, if one child has
autism, the other will be affected about 36 to 95 percent of the
time. In non-identical twins, if one child has autism, then the
other is affected about 31 percent of the time.
 Over the last two decades, extensive research has asked whether
there is any link between childhood vaccinations and autism. The
results of this research are clear: Vaccines do not cause autism.

4. Symptoms
1. Fails to respond to his or her
name or appears not to hear you at
times
2. Resists cuddling and holding, and
seems to prefer playing alone,
retreating into his or her own world
3. Has poor eye contact and lacks
facial expression
4. Doesn't speak or has delayed
speech, or loses previous ability to
say words or sentences

5. Symptoms
5. Speaks with an abnormal tone or
rhythm and may use a sing song
voice or robot-like speech
6. Doesn't appear to understand
simple questions or directions
7. Doesn't express emotions or
feelings and appears unaware of
others' feelings
8. Has difficulty recognizing
nonverbal cues, such as interpreting
other people's facial expressions,
body postures or tone of voice

6. When to see the doctor
Doesn't respond with a smile or happy
expression by 6 months
Doesn't mimic sounds or facial expressions by
9 month
Doesn't say single words by 16 months
Doesn't play "make-believe" or pretend by 18
months
Doesn't say two-word phrases by 24 months
Loses language skills or social skills at any age

7. Overlapping syndromes –
One brain !
Autism
OCD
MR
Learning
disability,
language
disorder,
dyslexia, etc.
Tourette
ADHD
Etc.

8. Intervention and Supports
 Early intervention can improve learning, communication and social
skills, as well as underlying brain development.
 Applied behavior analysis (ABA) and therapies based on its
principles are the most researched and commonly used behavioral
interventions for autism.
 Many children affected by autism also benefit from other
interventions such as speech and occupational therapy.
 Developmental regression, or loss of skills, such as language and
social interests, affects around 1 in 5 children who will go on to be
diagnosed with autism and typically occurs between ages 1 and 3.

9. Associated Challenges
 An estimated one-third of people with autism are
nonverbal.
 31% of children with ASD have an intellectual
disability (intelligence quotient [IQ] <70).
 Nearly half of those with autism wander or bolt
from safety.
 Nearly two-thirds of children with autism
between the ages of 6 and 15 have been bullied.
 Nearly 28 percent of 8-year-olds with ASD have
self-injurious behaviors. Head banging, arm biting
and skin scratching are among the most
common.
 Drowning remains a leading cause of death for
children with autism and accounts for
approximately 90 percent of death.

10. Physical/neurologic features
None present in all cases or required for diagnosis
 Abnormal head growth curve
 Physical abnormalities/symptoms
 Motor findings
 Atypical sensory responses
 Sleep problems
 Language abnormalities
 Autistic-language regression
 Epilepsy

11. Trajectory of brain growth in ASD
Selectively affected areas:
Frontal lobe
Temporal lobe
Cerebellum
Amygdala

12. Frequent motor findings
 Stereotypes' behavioral
 Dystonic postures
 Toe walking
 Increased joint laxity
 Clumsiness
 Dyspraxia

13. Frequent sensory findings:
hyper- & hypo-sensitivity
 Touch
 Pain, temperature
 Proprioception
 Vestibular
 Audition
 Vision
 Taste
 Smell

14. Sleep problems
 Difficulty falling asleep
 Difficulty staying asleep
 Need for less sleep time
 Need for excessive sleep
 Inadequate circadian entrainment

16. Goals of Intervention
 Stop looking for a cure
 Stop striving for ‘normality’
 Think adaptation, i.e., fixing, circumventing
 Consider the individual’s needs
 Tolerate socially acceptable differences
 Welcome the unique contributions of some

17. Benefits of Early Diagnosis
 Treatment and intervention effectiveness
 Skill acquisition
 exposure

18. Thank you