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ATP is an intermediate energy substance that cells use to transfer energy via its hydrolysis into ADP, which releases energy in a single step reaction. The phosphate bonds in ATP are unstable, allowing ATP to store energy that is released and more manageable in small quantities compared to glucose. Organisms require constant energy input to drive metabolic processes, movement, transport, and temperature regulation to maintain their highly organized state and prevent disorder.
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3. The electron transport chain produces the most ATP and requires oxygen, so it only occurs during aerobic cellular respiration. Glycolysis and fermentation occur in the cytoplasm, while the Krebs cycle and electron transport chain occur in the mitochondria
Biological oxidation Bioenergetics and general concepts (part - I)
The document discusses biochemical thermodynamics and energy transformations that occur in living systems. It explains that biochemical thermodynamics deals with the energy changes in biochemical reactions and predicts whether processes are possible, while kinetics measures reaction rates. The first and second laws of thermodynamics are described, with the first law stating that energy cannot be created or destroyed, only converted between forms, and the second law stating that spontaneous reactions result in increased disorder. ATP is discussed as the major carrier of chemical energy in cells, with its hydrolysis being an exergonic reaction and synthesis being endergonic. Substrate-level phosphorylation and electron transport chain are described as mechanisms for generating ATP.
1 intro Metabolism_mai_2562.pptx
1. Cellular respiration is the process that releases energy from food in the presence of oxygen. It involves the breakdown of glucose and other food molecules, capturing some energy to produce ATP and other compounds while releasing carbon dioxide and water.
2. ATP is the "energy currency" of cells. It is used to store and transport chemical energy within cells to power energy-requiring cellular processes. ATP is regenerated through catabolic reactions when its phosphate bonds are broken.
3. NADH and FADH2 act as electron carriers that shuttle energy extracted from nutrients to sites of ATP production through oxidative phosphorylation. NADPH similarly transports energy but for biosynthesis rather than ATP production.
High energy molecules.pptx
The document discusses several high energy compounds that are important for energy transfer in cells. It describes how ATP, GTP, PEP, and NADP each contain high energy bonds or carry electrons/hydrogen that allow them to drive energetic processes. ATP is highlighted as the universal energy currency of cells, with its hydrolysis powering many reactions through substrate-level phosphorylation or chemiosmosis. The ATP-ADP cycle and production of ATP through aerobic respiration and photosynthesis are also summarized.
Genbio1 q2 lesson 3
1. The document discusses the ATP-ADP cycle and how ATP is used as the main energy currency in cells. ATP stores chemical energy from breaking down glucose, fats, and proteins that is then released through hydrolysis to power cellular work like transport, mechanical movement, and chemical reactions.
2. Autotrophs like plants generate ATP through photosynthesis while heterotrophs obtain ATP indirectly by consuming autotrophs or other organisms. The sun is the ultimate source of energy entering ecosystems.
3. ATP is regenerated as energy from food breakdown is used to add a phosphate back to ADP, and energy is released when phosphate is removed from ATP, powering cellular work processes.
bioenergetics Role of ATP .pptx
Reference Harper Illustrated book of Biochemistry
Applying laws of Thermodynamics to Biochemistry.
Diferent types of Reactions, exergonic and edergonic,
Illustrated explain of Role of ATP in our body,
Brief concept on ATP production and high energy phosphate,
ATP/ADP cycle and about Creatine Kinase
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