Atoms and elements.ppt.pptx
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This document defines key concepts in matter, including: - Matter is anything that has mass and occupies space, and can be made of elements, molecules, or compounds. - Elements are the simplest forms of matter and cannot be broken down further into simpler substances. Atoms are the smallest particle of an element. - Atoms bond together to form molecules or bond with different elements to form compounds like salt or water. - All matter is made of atoms that are always in motion according to kinetic theory. Heavier atoms move slower than lighter ones. - The periodic table organizes all known elements by their atomic structure.
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This document discusses factors related to health and disease. It defines health as a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being. Important characteristics of good health include being free from sickness, anxiety, and tensions. Health can fail due to poor physical/social environments, economic conditions, or lack of social equality. The document distinguishes between "healthy" and "disease-free," and outlines different types of diseases including acute, chronic, infectious/communicable, and non-infectious/non-communicable diseases. It describes causes of disease such as pathogens, genetic disorders, pollution and malnutrition. Means of disease transmission include air, water, food, vectors, contact and sexual contact. Principles of treatment are to
ch 13 why do we fall ill.pdf
Here are the answers:
a) Disease is an abnormal condition affecting the body or mind that impairs normal functioning and causes discomfort.
b) The two major categories of human diseases are:
1. Infectious diseases - caused by pathogens like bacteria, viruses, fungi or parasites.
Examples: Malaria (caused by protozoan Plasmodium), Tuberculosis (caused by bacteria Mycobacterium tuberculosis)
2. Non-infectious diseases - not caused by pathogens. Develop due to genetic reasons, unhealthy lifestyle or environmental factors.
Examples: Cancer (uncontrolled cell growth), Heart disease (caused by risk factors like hypertension, smoking, obesity)
ch 13 why do we fall ill.pdf
Here are the answers:
a) Disease is an abnormal condition affecting the body or mind that impairs normal functioning and causes discomfort.
b) The two major categories of human diseases are:
1. Infectious diseases - caused by pathogens like bacteria, viruses, fungi or parasites.
Examples: Malaria (caused by a protozoan parasite), Tuberculosis (caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteria)
2. Non-infectious diseases - not caused by pathogens. These include genetic diseases, cancer, heart diseases, mental illnesses etc.
Examples: Diabetes (caused due to malfunctioning of pancreas), Asthma (caused due to hypersensitivity of airways
ch 13 why do we fall ill.pdf
Here are the key causes of cancer:
- Genetic factors - Some people inherit gene mutations from their parents that increase their risk of certain cancers.
- Tobacco use - Smoking or chewing tobacco is linked to cancers of the lung, esophagus, larynx, mouth, bladder, kidney, liver, stomach, pancreas, and colon/rectum. Tobacco contains chemicals that can damage DNA.
- Diet and obesity - A diet high in red/processed meats and low in fruits and vegetables increases cancer risk. Obesity is linked to several cancers. Excess weight increases hormone levels and inflammation.
- Radiation - Both natural sources like radon and man-made sources like X-rays can damage
ch 13 why do we fall ill.pdf
Here are the key causes of cancer:
- Genetic factors - Some people inherit gene mutations from their parents that increase their risk of certain cancers.
- Tobacco use - Smoking or chewing tobacco is linked to cancers of the lung, esophagus, larynx, mouth, bladder, kidney, liver, stomach, pancreas, colon and rectum, and acute myeloid leukemia.
- Diet and obesity - A diet high in red/processed meats and low in fruits and vegetables increases the risk of several cancers. Obesity is linked to increased risk of multiple cancers.
- Alcohol use - Heavy drinking is linked to cancers of the mouth, esophagus, throat, liver and breast.
-
ch 12 sound 1.pdf
Sound is a form of energy that propagates as longitudinal waves, requiring a medium. It is produced by vibrating objects and transmitted through compression and rarefaction variations in the medium. The human ear can detect sounds between 20 Hz to 20 kHz. Ultrasound with frequencies above this range has applications like medical imaging and material cleaning, while infrasound below 20 Hz is used by some animals. Sonar also uses ultrasound for underwater object detection.
ch 12 sound.pdf
1. The document discusses Heinrich Hertz's experiments with sound and how it is produced through vibration and propagates as longitudinal waves through a medium like air.
2. Key experiments shown include using a vibrating tuning fork to produce compressions and rarefactions in air, demonstrating that sound needs a material medium to travel, and that the speed of sound depends on the medium and temperature.
3. Applications of sound reflection, resonance, infrasound, ultrasound, and SONAR are also summarized.
ch 9_force_and_laws_of_motion.pptx
Motion and their laws that's all telling about how the motions having a different forms and directions
CH 8 MOTION.pdf
This document describes various concepts related to motion including:
1. Motion is defined as the change in position of a body over time. Distance moved is the total path travelled, while displacement is the shortest distance between initial and final positions.
2. Uniform motion means equal distances are travelled in equal times, while non-uniform motion means unequal distances in equal times. Examples of each are given.
3. Speed, velocity, average speed, average velocity, acceleration, and equations of motion relating these quantities are defined and explained with examples. Distance-time graphs and their use in representing motion are also described.
7diversityinlivingorganisms.pdf
This document provides an overview of the classification of living organisms. It discusses the need for classification, the basis used for classification including cell structure and nutrition type, and the hierarchical system used from kingdoms down to species. The five kingdom system is described, including Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia. An overview of the classification of plants and animals is also provided, outlining the main groups within each kingdom.
Ch 7 Diversity In Living Organisms.pdf
1. Biodiversity refers to the variety of living organisms on Earth, including plants, animals, and microorganisms. 2. Taxonomy is the science of classifying organisms using their similarities and differences. A key aspect is assigning each organism a unique scientific name. 3. The binomial system of nomenclature assigns every organism a genus and species name, allowing for uniform identification worldwide.
CH 6 TISSUE.pdf
Plants and animals are made of different types of tissues due to differences in their structure and function. In multicellular organisms, cells are grouped together into tissues to efficiently perform specialized functions. In plants, tissues include epidermis, a protective outer layer of flat cells covered with a waxy cuticle. Meristematic tissues contain actively dividing cells and produce permanent tissues through differentiation. Permanent tissues include parenchyma, collenchyma, and sclerenchyma, which provide structure and support to plants. Stomata in the leaf epidermis allow for gas exchange and transpiration. As plants age, cork replaces the epidermis and protects the bark.
ch 5 fundamental unit of life.pdf
The document discusses the basic unit of life - the cell. It begins by describing the key differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. It then discusses the history of cell discovery from Hooke's initial observation of cells in 1665 to the formulation of the cell theory in 1838-39. The rest of the document describes the structure and functions of key cellular components like the cell membrane, cell wall, nucleus, chromosomes and different types of cells. It compares the key differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
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Atoms and elements.ppt.pptx
- 1. Matter ● Matter is: ANYTHING THAT HAS MASS And OCCUPIES SPACE.
- 2. Element ● An element is the simplest form of matter that can’t be broken down.
- 3. Atom ● Simplest piece an element can be
- 4. Are Atoms to Small to See? ● Power of tens
- 5. Molecule ● Two or more atoms bonded to each other N2=Nitrogen Oxygen=O2
- 6. Compound ● Two or more different elements bonded together Salt NaCl Water H2O Sugar
- 7. Kinetic theory ● All matter is made of atoms ● Atoms are always in motion ● Heavier particles move slower than lighter ones
- 9. Periodic Table ● There are 90 naturally occuring elements with 25 man made elements. ● Some are gases, liquids and most solids ● Elements are made up of atoms
- 10. Parts of an atom ● NUCLEUS: center of the atom contains protons and neutrons ● Proton: Positively charged in Nucleus ● Neutron: Neutral Particle in Nucleus ● Electron: Negatively charged, moving in shells outside the nucleus
- 12. Quantum model
- 13. Atomic Number ● You read this off the periodic table ● Tells how many Protons and Electrons (not together) ● MASS NUMBER HOW MANY PROTONS AND NEUTRONS TOGETHER ● NEUTRONS=THE ATOMIC NUMBER-THE MASS NUMBER
- 14. ELECTRON ● ELECTRONS ARE IN SHELLS AROUND THE NUCLEUS ● 1ST SHELL HAS 2 ELECTRONS ● 2ND SHELL HAS 8 ELECTRONS ● 3RD SHELL HAS 18 ELECTRONS ● 4TH SHELL HAS 32 ELECTRONS
- 16. Mass ● The amount of matter in any object ● Mass shows a resistance to being moved
- 17. Gravity ● The force between objects of mass ● The bigger the mass, more force of gravity ● All matter is attracted to other matter ● To reduce the force of gravity between objects, spread the distance between the two ●
- 18. Gravity on Different Planets ● Suppose you weigh 100 pounds here on Earth. list. ● Earth - 100 lbs ● Moon - 17 lbs ● Mercury - 38 lbs ● Jupiter - 236 lbs ● Pluto - 7 lbs ● sun - 2407 lbs
- 19. Newton’s Gravity ● Newton also found that gravity Increases with bigger objects ● Different plants have different Masses Galileo two object drop
- 20. Weight ● This is the pull of gravity against your Mass. ● Remember that mass is matter and gravity is the pull against the matter
- 21. Mass x gravity = weight ● We measure mass using grams (g) ● Weight, we use Newton (N) The units for Newtons is kg x mass/seconds
- 22. Potential Energy ●Potential energy is energy that is stored in an object. Mainly GRAVITY Rivers and lakes with dams ●Kinetic energy is energy of motion.
- 23. Newton laws of Motion ● 1st law: objects will stay at rest or in motion unless acted upon (Inertia)
- 24. 2nd law: Force=Mass x Acceleration
- 25. 3rd Law: Opposite and equal reaction