S.Nilavarasu's mini project discusses atomic physics. It introduces atoms, their structure including protons, neutrons and electrons. Diagrams and images show the atomic structure. Neutrons and protons are described along with their masses. Electrons are defined. Equations show how to calculate atomic number, mass number, and the energy released by nuclear fission using mass and the speed of light. The conclusion reflects on early challenges with fission and hopes for future energy from fusion.

1. MINI PROJECT
Atomic Physic
By
S.Nilavarasu(BU130346)
II-Physics

2. Synopsis
• Introduction
• Parts
• Images
• Neutron
• Proton
• Electron
• Energy
• Conclusion

3. Atom
• All matter is made up of elements (e.g. carbon,
hydrogen, etc.).
• The smallest part of an element is called an
atom
• Atom of different elements contain different
numbers of protons.
• The mass of an atom is almost entirely due to
the number of protons and neutrons.

4. Atom
• The atom consists of two parts
1) The nucleus which contains
• protons
• Neutrons
2) Orbiting electrons

5. Diagram

6. Image-1

7. Neutrons
• In 1920, Ernest Rutherford conceived the
possible existence of the neutron.
• Neutrons have no net electric charge and
a mass slightly larger than that of a proton.
• Mass- mn =1.674x10-27kg

8. Proton
• The proton is a subatomic particle with the
symbol p or p+ and a positive electric
charge of 1 elementary charge. One or more
protons are present in the nucleus of
each atom.
• Mass-Mp=1.672x10-27kg

9. Electron
• The electron (symbol: e−) is a subatomic
particle with a negative elementary electric
charge.
• Mass- Me=9.1x10-31kg

10. X
A
Z
Mass number
Atomic number
Element symbol
= number of protons + number of neutrons
= number of protons

11. X
A
Z
A = number of protons + number of neutrons
Z = number of protons
A – Z = number of neutrons
Number of neutrons = Mass Number – Atomic Number

12. Example
U
235
92
U
238
92
A 235
Z 92
Number of protons 92
Number of neutrons 143
A 238
Z 92
Number of protons 92
Number of neutrons 146

13. Energy
• Nuclear Fission
• Nuclear fission is either a nuclear reaction or
a radioactive decay process in which
the nucleus of an atom splits into smaller
parts
There are 2 types of fission that exist:
1. Spontaneous Fission
2. Induced Fission

14. Energy Released
The energy released can be calculated using the equation:
E = mc2
Where:
E = energy released (J)
m = mass difference (kg)
c = speed of light in a vacuum (3 x 108 ms-1)
E
m c2

15. Conclusion
• In starting period of research Nuclear fission is
not able to do………….
• But we do Nuclear fission to get energy
• Now a days Nuclear Fusion is not able to
do..............
• But in future We do get energy.................