This document defines key concepts in matter, including: - Matter is anything that has mass and occupies space, and can be made of elements, molecules, or compounds. - Elements are the simplest forms of matter and cannot be broken down further into simpler substances. Atoms are the smallest particle of an element. - Atoms bond together to form molecules or bond with different elements to form compounds like salt or water. - All matter is made of atoms in constant motion according to kinetic theory. Atoms are arranged in the periodic table by atomic number. - Atoms contain a nucleus of protons and neutrons, with electrons orbiting the nucleus in shells. The number of protons determines the element.

1. Matter
● Matter is: ANYTHING THAT HAS MASS And
OCCUPIES SPACE.

2. Element
● An element is
the simplest
form of matter
that can’t be
broken down.

3. Atom
● Simplest piece an element can
be

4. Are Atoms to Small to See?
● Power of tens

5. Molecule
● Two or more
atoms bonded
to each other
N2=Nitrogen
Oxygen=O2

6. Compound
● Two or more
different
elements bonded
together
Salt
NaCl
Water H2O
Sugar

7. Kinetic theory
● All matter is made of atoms
● Atoms are always in motion
● Heavier particles move slower than
lighter ones

8. Periodic table

9. Periodic Table
● There are 90 naturally
occuring elements with
25 man made elements.
● Some are gases, liquids
and most solids
● Elements are made up of
atoms

10. Parts of an atom
● NUCLEUS: center of the atom
contains protons and neutrons
● Proton: Positively charged in Nucleus
● Neutron: Neutral Particle in Nucleus
● Electron: Negatively charged, moving in
shells outside the nucleus

12. Quantum
model

13. Atomic Number
● You read this off the periodic table
● Tells how many Protons and
Electrons (not together)
● MASS NUMBER HOW MANY
PROTONS AND NEUTRONS
TOGETHER
● NEUTRONS=THE ATOMIC
NUMBER-THE MASS NUMBER

14. ELECTRON
● ELECTRONS ARE IN SHELLS
AROUND THE NUCLEUS
● 1ST SHELL HAS 2 ELECTRONS
● 2ND SHELL HAS 8 ELECTRONS
● 3RD SHELL HAS 18 ELECTRONS
● 4TH SHELL HAS 32 ELECTRONS

15. Atomic
Symbol
Atomic #
Atomic mass #

16. Mass
● The amount of
matter in any
object
● Mass shows a
resistance to
being moved

17. Gravity
● The force between objects of mass
● The bigger the mass, more force of gravity
● All matter is attracted to other matter
● To reduce the force of gravity between
objects, spread the distance between the
two
●

18. Gravity on Different Planets
● Suppose you weigh 100 pounds here on
Earth. list.
● Earth - 100 lbs
● Moon - 17 lbs
● Mercury - 38 lbs
● Jupiter - 236 lbs
● Pluto - 7 lbs
● sun - 2407 lbs

19. Newton’s Gravity
● Newton also found that gravity
Increases with bigger objects
● Different plants have different
Masses
Galileo two object drop

20. Weight
● This is the pull of
gravity against
your Mass.
● Remember that
mass is matter
and gravity is the
pull against the
matter

21. Mass x gravity = weight
● We measure mass using grams (g)
● Weight, we use Newton (N)
The units for Newtons is kg x mass/seconds

22. Potential Energy
●Potential energy is energy that is stored
in an object. Mainly GRAVITY
Rivers and lakes with dams
●Kinetic energy is energy of motion.

23. Newton laws of Motion
● 1st law: objects will stay at rest or in
motion unless acted upon (Inertia)

24. 2nd law: Force=Mass x Acceleration

25. 3rd Law: Opposite and equal
reaction