Atelectasis medical and surgical nursing -1 Introduction Definition Causes Classification Risk Factor Pathophysiology Clinical manifestation Diagnostic Evaluation Management Nursing diagnosis Prevention

1. Atelectasis
PRESENT BY
MARIA KURIAKOSE
SECOND YEAR BSC NURSING

2. Content
● Introduction
● Definition
● Causes
● Classification
● Risk Factor
● Pathophysiology
● Clinical manifestation
● Diagnostic Evaluation
● Management
● Nursing diagnosis
● Prevention

4. Introduction
Atelectasis is an abnormal condition
characterized by the collapse of lung tissue
by blockage of the air passage, preventing
the respiratory exchange of carbon dioxide
and oxygen. Atelectasis may occur because
past of the airway above the atelectasis
become obstructed and from simple tissue .
It may also occur in small area of the lung
from unknown reason

6. Definition
Atelectasis a collapsed or airless stable of the lung may be acute or
chronic and may involve all or part of the lung. In acute atelectasis the
lung has recently collapsed and is primarily notable only for airlessness
-Lakhwinder kaur
"Atelectasis is collapse or airless condition of the alveoli caused by
hypoventilation, obstruction to the airways or compression "
-Brunner and Suddharth

7. Etiology

8. Classification

9. Classification of Atelectasis
Based on onset Based on characteristics
Based on obstruction
or ventilation

10. Classification
Based on onset
1 Acute atelectasis
2 Chronic atelectasis
Based on characteristics
1 Resorption atelectasis
2 compression atelectasis
3 contraction atelectasis

12. Based on obstruction or ventilation
1.obstructive atelectasis
2.Non-obstructive atelectasis

13. RISK FACTORS
● Advanced age
● Premature birth
● Abdominal or chest surgery
● Tobacco use disorder
● Overweight

14. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
Reduction in closing
capacity Air trapping of
pulmonary
gases and oxygen
Altered permeability of a
lveolar arterial barrier
Collapse of small
air way Absorption of intra
alveolar gases
Impairment of
Surfactant
Impaired gas exchange
Atelectasis

15. clinical manifestation
● Shortness of breath
● Coughing
● Wheezing
● Chest pain
● Tachycardia

16. Diagnostic Evaluation
● Chest x-ray
● CT scan
● Bronchoscopy
● Pulse oximetry

17. MANAGEMENT
Medical management
● Acetyleysteine
● Inhaled bronchodilators
● D nase
● Increased fluid intake
● Antibiotic

18. Nursing management
● Change patients position frequently
● Encourage mobilization
● Encourage deep breathing and coughing exercise
● Educate technique for incentive spirometry
Surgical management
● Bronchoscopy

19. Therapies
● Chest physiotherapy
● Deep breath exercise
● Postrual drainage
● Supplement oxygen
● Suctioning
● Ventilator

20. NURSING
DIAGNOSIS

21. Prevention