Asthma Pathophysiologyn 1233730055155655 1
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Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the bronchi characterized by episodic and reversible bronchospasm resulting from an exaggerated response to various stimuli like allergens. It affects around 10% of children and 5-7% of adults globally. The pathogenesis involves inflammation, airflow limitation, and airway hyperresponsiveness triggered by allergens, exercise, cold air, and other factors. Pathologically, asthma is associated with bronchial inflammation, edema, mucus plugging, and bronchospasm.
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Asthma Pathophysiologyn 1233730055155655 1
- 4. Percent Change in Age-Adjusted Death Rates, U.S., 1965-1998 06/16/09 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 Proportion of 1965 Rate 1965 - 1998 1965 - 1998 1965 - 1998 1965 - 1998 1965 - 1998 – 59% – 64% – 35% +163% – 7% Coronary Heart Disease Stroke Other CVD COPD All Other Causes
- 5. Pathogenesis: 06/16/09 INFLAMMATION Airflow Limitation SYMPTOMS Cough Wheeze Dyspnoea TRIGGERS Allergens, Exercise, Cold Air, SO2 Particulates Airway Hyperresponsiveness Genetic* INDUCERS Allergens,Chemical sensitisers, Air pollutants, Virus infections
- 7. Pathogenesis - Atopic Asthma: 06/16/09
- 8. Mast cells in Asthma Pathogenesis: 06/16/09
- 9. Eosinophils in Asthma Pathogenesis: 06/16/09
- 11. Lung Hyperinflation in Asthma 06/16/09
- 12. Thick bronchi with Mucous plugs 06/16/09
- 13. Mucous plug in asthma: 06/16/09
- 15. Asthma Microscopic Pathology 06/16/09 Obstructed Inflammed Bronchi
- 18. Asthma – TH2 lymphocytes immunostaining) 06/16/09
- 19. Eosinophils in Asthma: 06/16/09
- 22. 06/16/09 5-LO inhibitors Antileukotrienes Arachidonic Acid Leukotrienes LTC4, D4, E4 Cyclooxygenase 5-Lipoxygenase Prostaglandins Prostacyclins Cell Damage Cell Membrane Phospholipids Steroids NSAID
- 25. 06/16/09 Asthma Pathology - Modern view Barnes PJ Leukotrienes C4, D4 & E4 Allergen Mucus hypersecretion Hyperplasia Vasodilatation New vessels Plasma leak Oedema Bronchoconstriction Hypertrophy/hyperplasia Cholinergic reflex Subepithelial fibrosis Sensory nerve activation Eosinophil Mast cell Th2 cell Neutrophil Macrophage/ dendritic cell Mucus plug Epithelial shedding Nerve activation
- 26. 06/16/09 Mast cell Degranulation Barnes PJ Normal 5 Seconds 60 Seconds
- 27. 06/16/09 Mast cell Degranulation Barnes PJ
- 28. 06/16/09 Type I Hypersensitivity: Barnes PJ
- 29. 06/16/09 Therapy - Pathology: Barnes PJ