This document discusses various types of acute and chronic laryngitis including:
- Acute laryngitis (simple laryngitis), which is usually caused by viral infections and results in inflammation of the larynx. Symptoms include hoarseness and treatment focuses on vocal rest and antibiotics.
- Acute fibrinous laryngitis, which mainly affects young children and involves inflammation of the entire respiratory tract. It can cause respiratory obstruction.
- Subglottic laryngitis, which presents with croup-like symptoms in young children without fever.
- Acute epiglottitis, which is a medical emergency caused by bacterial infection and seen more commonly in children. Symptoms include sore
This document discusses various acute inflammations of the larynx including acute laryngitis, acute epiglottitis, acute laryngotracheobronchitis, laryngeal diphtheria, and edema of the larynx. It describes the etiology, clinical features, investigations, and treatment for each condition. Viruses and bacteria are common causes and may result in hoarseness, pain, difficulty swallowing, and airway obstruction in severe cases. Treatment involves antibiotics, steroids, humidified oxygen, intubation or tracheostomy if needed.
Acute and chronic inflammations of larynx nemat1994
This document discusses various types of acute and chronic laryngitis including:
- Acute laryngitis (simple laryngitis), which is usually caused by viral infections and results in inflammation of the larynx. Symptoms include hoarseness and treatment focuses on vocal rest and antibiotics.
- Acute fibrinous laryngitis, which mainly affects young children and involves the entire respiratory tract. It can cause respiratory obstruction.
- Subglottic laryngitis, which presents with croup-like symptoms but no fever in young children.
- Acute epiglottitis, which is a medical emergency caused by bacterial infection and seen more commonly in children. Symptoms include sore throat
Acute and chronic inflammations of larynxVinay Bhat
The document discusses various types of acute and chronic laryngeal inflammations including:
1. Acute laryngitis, which is usually caused by viral infections and has symptoms of hoarseness, cough, and throat discomfort. Treatment focuses on vocal rest, steam inhalation, and antibiotics if needed.
2. Acute fibrous laryngitis commonly affects young children and involves inflammation of the entire respiratory tract. It requires hospitalization and treatments like antibiotics, mucolytics, and sometimes intubation.
3. Chronic laryngitis can develop from repeated acute infections or irritants like smoking. It causes long-term hoarseness and requires treatments like voice rest and speech therapy.
This document summarizes different types of chronic laryngitis, including chronic nonspecific laryngitis (hyperemic, hypertrophic, atrophic), chronic specific laryngitis (tuberculosis), and vocal nodules. Chronic hyperemic laryngitis involves diffuse inflammation of the larynx caused by recurrent acute laryngitis or chronic infection/irritation. Chronic hypertrophic laryngitis is an advanced stage with cellular infiltration and possible vocal cord swelling/thickening. Chronic atrophic laryngitis most affects women and causes a dry, irritated cough from a dry, atrophic larynx covered in crusts. Tuberculous laryngitis stems from pulmonary TB and causes ulcers and granulomas
Chronic laryngitis is long-term inflammation of the larynx that can be caused by infection, irritants like smoking, or gastroesophageal reflux. Symptoms include hoarseness, throat clearing, and difficulty swallowing. Diagnosis involves examining the larynx to identify any lesions or diffuse changes. Treatment focuses on lifestyle changes, medications like antacids or proton pump inhibitors, and voice therapy. Chronic laryngitis often has multiple contributing factors and the main causes are smoking, voice overuse, and reflux.
Dr.vijaysundaram,acute & chronic infections larynx ,12.09.16ophthalmgmcri
The document discusses acute and chronic infections of the larynx. Viral infections are the most common cause of acute larynx, while reflux is the most common cause of chronic laryngitis. Candidal laryngitis can occur in non-immunocompromised patients. Chronic laryngitis can be caused by bacterial, fungal, mycobacterial, or non-infectious factors like smoking or reflux. Systemic diseases can also manifest with laryngeal symptoms like hoarseness or airway issues, mimicking laryngeal carcinoma.
Acute laryngitis is swelling of the laryngeal mucosa that is usually caused by viral or bacterial infections. The main symptoms are hoarseness, throat discomfort, and cough. Treatment focuses on voice rest, steam inhalations, medications to reduce symptoms, and antibiotics for bacterial infections. Acute laryngitis in children can sometimes lead to laryngotracheobronchitis (croup) or subglottic laryngitis (pseudocroup), which present more urgently with stridor, dyspnea, and cyanosis and may require hospitalization, oxygen, steroids, or intubation. Rare forms of acute laryngitis include membranous laryngitis, acute epig
This document discusses various acute inflammations of the larynx including acute laryngitis, acute epiglottitis, acute laryngotracheobronchitis, laryngeal diphtheria, and edema of the larynx. It describes the etiology, clinical features, investigations, and treatment for each condition. Viruses and bacteria are common causes and may result in hoarseness, pain, difficulty swallowing, and airway obstruction in severe cases. Treatment involves antibiotics, steroids, humidified oxygen, intubation or tracheostomy if needed.
Acute and chronic inflammations of larynx nemat1994
This document discusses various types of acute and chronic laryngitis including:
- Acute laryngitis (simple laryngitis), which is usually caused by viral infections and results in inflammation of the larynx. Symptoms include hoarseness and treatment focuses on vocal rest and antibiotics.
- Acute fibrinous laryngitis, which mainly affects young children and involves the entire respiratory tract. It can cause respiratory obstruction.
- Subglottic laryngitis, which presents with croup-like symptoms but no fever in young children.
- Acute epiglottitis, which is a medical emergency caused by bacterial infection and seen more commonly in children. Symptoms include sore throat
Acute and chronic inflammations of larynxVinay Bhat
The document discusses various types of acute and chronic laryngeal inflammations including:
1. Acute laryngitis, which is usually caused by viral infections and has symptoms of hoarseness, cough, and throat discomfort. Treatment focuses on vocal rest, steam inhalation, and antibiotics if needed.
2. Acute fibrous laryngitis commonly affects young children and involves inflammation of the entire respiratory tract. It requires hospitalization and treatments like antibiotics, mucolytics, and sometimes intubation.
3. Chronic laryngitis can develop from repeated acute infections or irritants like smoking. It causes long-term hoarseness and requires treatments like voice rest and speech therapy.
This document summarizes different types of chronic laryngitis, including chronic nonspecific laryngitis (hyperemic, hypertrophic, atrophic), chronic specific laryngitis (tuberculosis), and vocal nodules. Chronic hyperemic laryngitis involves diffuse inflammation of the larynx caused by recurrent acute laryngitis or chronic infection/irritation. Chronic hypertrophic laryngitis is an advanced stage with cellular infiltration and possible vocal cord swelling/thickening. Chronic atrophic laryngitis most affects women and causes a dry, irritated cough from a dry, atrophic larynx covered in crusts. Tuberculous laryngitis stems from pulmonary TB and causes ulcers and granulomas
Chronic laryngitis is long-term inflammation of the larynx that can be caused by infection, irritants like smoking, or gastroesophageal reflux. Symptoms include hoarseness, throat clearing, and difficulty swallowing. Diagnosis involves examining the larynx to identify any lesions or diffuse changes. Treatment focuses on lifestyle changes, medications like antacids or proton pump inhibitors, and voice therapy. Chronic laryngitis often has multiple contributing factors and the main causes are smoking, voice overuse, and reflux.
Dr.vijaysundaram,acute & chronic infections larynx ,12.09.16ophthalmgmcri
The document discusses acute and chronic infections of the larynx. Viral infections are the most common cause of acute larynx, while reflux is the most common cause of chronic laryngitis. Candidal laryngitis can occur in non-immunocompromised patients. Chronic laryngitis can be caused by bacterial, fungal, mycobacterial, or non-infectious factors like smoking or reflux. Systemic diseases can also manifest with laryngeal symptoms like hoarseness or airway issues, mimicking laryngeal carcinoma.
Acute laryngitis is swelling of the laryngeal mucosa that is usually caused by viral or bacterial infections. The main symptoms are hoarseness, throat discomfort, and cough. Treatment focuses on voice rest, steam inhalations, medications to reduce symptoms, and antibiotics for bacterial infections. Acute laryngitis in children can sometimes lead to laryngotracheobronchitis (croup) or subglottic laryngitis (pseudocroup), which present more urgently with stridor, dyspnea, and cyanosis and may require hospitalization, oxygen, steroids, or intubation. Rare forms of acute laryngitis include membranous laryngitis, acute epig
This document discusses laryngeal infections. It begins by introducing laryngitis as an inflammation of the larynx that can be acute or chronic. Acute laryngitis is usually self-limited while chronic lasts over 3 weeks. Causes include vocal misuse, noxious agents, and viruses or bacteria. In children, important acute laryngeal infections are epiglottitis, croup, and bacterial laryngotracheobronchitis. Chronic laryngitis can be caused by repeated acute infections or long-term irritants like smoking. Diagnosis involves examination and investigations depend on the suspected infection. Management involves treating the underlying cause, antibiotics, corticosteroids, and occasionally intubation or tracheostomy
This document summarizes acute and chronic pharyngitis. It discusses the anatomy of the pharynx and describes acute pharyngitis as usually being viral or bacterial in origin. The clinical features, investigations, and treatment of acute pharyngitis are outlined. Complications are also discussed. Acute tonsillitis is described separately. Chronic pharyngitis and its causes, symptoms, signs, and treatment are briefly covered. Specific conditions like peritonsillar abscess, diphtheria, and retropharyngeal abscess are also summarized.
The document discusses various types of chronic laryngitis including chronic non-specific laryngitis, atrophic laryngitis, pachydermia laryngitis, hyperkeratosis of the larynx, tuberculous laryngitis, and perichondritis of the larynx. It describes the clinical features, laryngoscopic findings, causes, and treatment options for each condition.
Laryngitis is an inflammation of the larynx that causes hoarseness or loss of voice. It is often caused by viruses like influenza and is associated with colds, allergies, overuse of voice, smoke exposure, or acid reflux. Symptoms include a dry cough, sore throat worse in the morning and evenings, and difficulty speaking. Treatment focuses on resting the voice, staying hydrated, using steam inhalation, and avoiding irritants. Antibiotics may be used if caused by bacteria. Most cases resolve with conservative measures like eliminating triggers and using inhalers or acid reducers.
This document discusses pharyngitis, or sore throat, which can be either acute or chronic. Acute pharyngitis is commonly caused by viruses like adenovirus or bacteria like streptococcus. It causes symptoms like a painful throat, fever, and swollen lymph nodes. Chronic pharyngitis is a persistent inflammation that can be caused by irritants like dust or smoking and is characterized by white patches in the throat. Both can be diagnosed through exams, tests, and cultures. Acute pharyngitis is usually treated with antibiotics, analgesics, or gargles while chronic pharyngitis focuses on symptom relief through avoiding irritants and medications.
This document provides information on chronic laryngitis, including:
1. It defines the larynx and its structures such as cartilages and muscles. Chronic laryngitis is an inflammatory process that causes irreversible damage to the larynx mucosa.
2. Common causes include infections, voice abuse, allergies, and environmental factors. Signs and symptoms include hoarse voice, chronic cough, and difficulty swallowing.
3. Diagnosis involves medical history, physical exam, imaging, and biopsy. Treatment focuses on identifying and treating the underlying cause, with measures like voice rest, steam inhalation, and surgery in severe cases.
This document summarizes various laryngeal inflammations including acute and chronic laryngitis. It describes the etiology, clinical features, investigations, and treatment for conditions like acute laryngitis, acute epiglottitis, acute laryngotracheobronchitis (croup), chronic laryngitis, Reinke's edema, and tuberculosis of the larynx. Key signs and findings are emphasized for differentiating these conditions. Management involves supportive care, medications, steroids, antibiotics, intubation or tracheostomy as needed based on the specific condition.
Laryngitis is an inflammation of the larynx which can lead to loss of voice. Symptoms are worse at night. In early stages, there is redness of structures like the epiglottis and vocal cords. Later, swelling increases and vocal cords become red and swollen with fluid seen between cords. Treatment includes vocal rest, avoiding smoking/alcohol, steam inhalation, cough suppressants, antibiotics, and steroids. Croup is an inflammatory condition of the larynx and trachea mostly caused by viruses in children aged 6 months to 3 years, causing swelling in the subglottic region and obstructing the airway.
Pharyngitis, or sore throat, is usually caused by viral or bacterial infections. The most common infectious agents are streptococcus pyogenes bacteria and various viruses like rhinovirus. Symptoms include fever, throat pain, and difficulty swallowing. Treatment depends on the cause, but viral infections generally resolve with supportive care while bacterial streptococcal infections are treated with antibiotics to prevent complications like rheumatic fever. Accurate diagnosis is important to guide treatment and prevent spread to others.
This document discusses various types of pharyngitis (inflammation of the throat). It begins by describing acute pharyngitis, which can be caused by viruses, bacteria like Streptococcus, or fungi. Common symptoms include sore throat, fever, and difficulty swallowing. Diagnosis involves throat swab cultures. Treatment focuses on relieving symptoms and using antibiotics for bacterial infections. The document then discusses specific viral causes as well as fungal and other rare causes. It also covers chronic pharyngitis, atrophic pharyngitis, and keratosis pharyngitis - all representing different chronic inflammatory conditions of the throat.
Acute Pharyngitis is an inflammation of the pharyngeal mucosa and submucosa, mostly involving the pharyngeal lymphoid tissue. It is commonly caused by viruses or bacteria. Symptoms include fever, sore throat, pain when swallowing, and enlarged lymph nodes in the neck. Examination shows redness and swelling of the throat. Chronic Pharyngitis is a diffuse inflammation of the pharyngeal mucosa that can develop from repeated acute infections. It may cause hypertrophy or atrophy of the mucosa. Treatment focuses on identifying and eliminating the cause, using local soothing treatments, and targeting hypertrophied tissues if needed. Therapy is often unsatisfactory due to high rates
This document discusses the presentation, diagnosis, and treatment of pharyngitis (sore throat). Bacterial pharyngitis typically presents with throat pain worsened by swallowing, fever, and tender lymph nodes. Viral pharyngitis is accompanied by other upper respiratory symptoms. Diagnosis involves examination of the throat and testing for strep A infection. Treatment of confirmed strep A infection is antibiotics like penicillin, while viral infections receive symptomatic relief. The document provides guidance on differentiating causes, managing complications, and considering the risks and benefits of antibiotic treatment for sore throats.
The document discusses various laryngeal disorders including acute epiglottitis, acute laryngitis, acute laryngitis in children, and chronic laryngitis.
Acute epiglottitis is a dangerous condition characterized by sudden swelling of the epiglottis which can cause airway obstruction. It requires immediate hospitalization, monitoring, antibiotics, steroids, and possibly tracheostomy.
Acute laryngitis is usually caused by a viral infection and causes hoarseness. It is typically self-limiting but requires voice rest, steam inhalation, and sometimes antibiotics/steroids.
Acute laryngitis in children can progress rapidly due to anatomical factors and cause str
The document discusses pharyngitis, including that it is a common condition with many unanswered questions about its causes and treatment, and describes the symptoms, signs, and management of both acute and chronic forms of pharyngitis which can be caused by viral, bacterial, and other infectious agents and environmental irritants.
Laryngitis is an inflammation of the larynx or voice box that can be caused by viral or bacterial infection, chemical irritation, or vocal overuse. Common symptoms include hoarseness, coughing, throat pain, and difficulty speaking or swallowing. Acute laryngitis lasts less than 3 weeks and is often caused by viruses. Chronic laryngitis produces lingering hoarseness from long term irritation or misuse. Treatment focuses on voice rest, inhaling steam, cough suppressants, and sometimes short term steroids or antibiotics. Voice therapy can help restore normal voice quality and prevent future issues.
Pharyngitis- Easy PPT for Nursing StudentsSwatilekha Das
Pharyngitis- Easy PPT for Nursing Students
organs of the respiratory system
Definition
Acute Pharyngitis definition
Causes
Clinical features
Diagnosis
Treatment
Nutritional therapy
Chronic Pharyngitis
types
Clinical manifestations
Medical management
The document summarizes acute epiglottitis, an inflammatory condition of the supraglottic structures including the epiglottis, aryepiglottic folds, and arytenoids that can cause airway obstruction. It describes the anatomy of the epiglottis, causes including H. influenzae infection, symptoms of sore throat and difficulty swallowing, signs of fever and swelling of the epiglottis, diagnosis through examination and imaging, complications of spread of infection, treatment with antibiotics, steroids, and intubation if needed, and good prognosis with timely treatment but risk of sudden airway obstruction.
Pneumonia is an infection that causes inflammation in the lungs. There are two main types: lobar pneumonia, which affects one lung lobe, and bronchopneumonia, which causes patches throughout both lungs. Pneumonia is usually caused by bacteria or viruses and risks factors include age, smoking, and pre-existing medical conditions. Symptoms may include fever, cough, and difficulty breathing. Diagnosis involves chest x-rays and cultures. Treatment focuses on antibiotics and symptom relief. Complications can include lung abscesses or fluid in the chest cavity.
This document discusses laryngeal infections. It begins by introducing laryngitis as an inflammation of the larynx that can be acute or chronic. Acute laryngitis is usually self-limited while chronic lasts over 3 weeks. Causes include vocal misuse, noxious agents, and viruses or bacteria. In children, important acute laryngeal infections are epiglottitis, croup, and bacterial laryngotracheobronchitis. Chronic laryngitis can be caused by repeated acute infections or long-term irritants like smoking. Diagnosis involves examination and investigations depend on the suspected infection. Management involves treating the underlying cause, antibiotics, corticosteroids, and occasionally intubation or tracheostomy
This document summarizes acute and chronic pharyngitis. It discusses the anatomy of the pharynx and describes acute pharyngitis as usually being viral or bacterial in origin. The clinical features, investigations, and treatment of acute pharyngitis are outlined. Complications are also discussed. Acute tonsillitis is described separately. Chronic pharyngitis and its causes, symptoms, signs, and treatment are briefly covered. Specific conditions like peritonsillar abscess, diphtheria, and retropharyngeal abscess are also summarized.
The document discusses various types of chronic laryngitis including chronic non-specific laryngitis, atrophic laryngitis, pachydermia laryngitis, hyperkeratosis of the larynx, tuberculous laryngitis, and perichondritis of the larynx. It describes the clinical features, laryngoscopic findings, causes, and treatment options for each condition.
Laryngitis is an inflammation of the larynx that causes hoarseness or loss of voice. It is often caused by viruses like influenza and is associated with colds, allergies, overuse of voice, smoke exposure, or acid reflux. Symptoms include a dry cough, sore throat worse in the morning and evenings, and difficulty speaking. Treatment focuses on resting the voice, staying hydrated, using steam inhalation, and avoiding irritants. Antibiotics may be used if caused by bacteria. Most cases resolve with conservative measures like eliminating triggers and using inhalers or acid reducers.
This document discusses pharyngitis, or sore throat, which can be either acute or chronic. Acute pharyngitis is commonly caused by viruses like adenovirus or bacteria like streptococcus. It causes symptoms like a painful throat, fever, and swollen lymph nodes. Chronic pharyngitis is a persistent inflammation that can be caused by irritants like dust or smoking and is characterized by white patches in the throat. Both can be diagnosed through exams, tests, and cultures. Acute pharyngitis is usually treated with antibiotics, analgesics, or gargles while chronic pharyngitis focuses on symptom relief through avoiding irritants and medications.
This document provides information on chronic laryngitis, including:
1. It defines the larynx and its structures such as cartilages and muscles. Chronic laryngitis is an inflammatory process that causes irreversible damage to the larynx mucosa.
2. Common causes include infections, voice abuse, allergies, and environmental factors. Signs and symptoms include hoarse voice, chronic cough, and difficulty swallowing.
3. Diagnosis involves medical history, physical exam, imaging, and biopsy. Treatment focuses on identifying and treating the underlying cause, with measures like voice rest, steam inhalation, and surgery in severe cases.
This document summarizes various laryngeal inflammations including acute and chronic laryngitis. It describes the etiology, clinical features, investigations, and treatment for conditions like acute laryngitis, acute epiglottitis, acute laryngotracheobronchitis (croup), chronic laryngitis, Reinke's edema, and tuberculosis of the larynx. Key signs and findings are emphasized for differentiating these conditions. Management involves supportive care, medications, steroids, antibiotics, intubation or tracheostomy as needed based on the specific condition.
Laryngitis is an inflammation of the larynx which can lead to loss of voice. Symptoms are worse at night. In early stages, there is redness of structures like the epiglottis and vocal cords. Later, swelling increases and vocal cords become red and swollen with fluid seen between cords. Treatment includes vocal rest, avoiding smoking/alcohol, steam inhalation, cough suppressants, antibiotics, and steroids. Croup is an inflammatory condition of the larynx and trachea mostly caused by viruses in children aged 6 months to 3 years, causing swelling in the subglottic region and obstructing the airway.
Pharyngitis, or sore throat, is usually caused by viral or bacterial infections. The most common infectious agents are streptococcus pyogenes bacteria and various viruses like rhinovirus. Symptoms include fever, throat pain, and difficulty swallowing. Treatment depends on the cause, but viral infections generally resolve with supportive care while bacterial streptococcal infections are treated with antibiotics to prevent complications like rheumatic fever. Accurate diagnosis is important to guide treatment and prevent spread to others.
This document discusses various types of pharyngitis (inflammation of the throat). It begins by describing acute pharyngitis, which can be caused by viruses, bacteria like Streptococcus, or fungi. Common symptoms include sore throat, fever, and difficulty swallowing. Diagnosis involves throat swab cultures. Treatment focuses on relieving symptoms and using antibiotics for bacterial infections. The document then discusses specific viral causes as well as fungal and other rare causes. It also covers chronic pharyngitis, atrophic pharyngitis, and keratosis pharyngitis - all representing different chronic inflammatory conditions of the throat.
Acute Pharyngitis is an inflammation of the pharyngeal mucosa and submucosa, mostly involving the pharyngeal lymphoid tissue. It is commonly caused by viruses or bacteria. Symptoms include fever, sore throat, pain when swallowing, and enlarged lymph nodes in the neck. Examination shows redness and swelling of the throat. Chronic Pharyngitis is a diffuse inflammation of the pharyngeal mucosa that can develop from repeated acute infections. It may cause hypertrophy or atrophy of the mucosa. Treatment focuses on identifying and eliminating the cause, using local soothing treatments, and targeting hypertrophied tissues if needed. Therapy is often unsatisfactory due to high rates
This document discusses the presentation, diagnosis, and treatment of pharyngitis (sore throat). Bacterial pharyngitis typically presents with throat pain worsened by swallowing, fever, and tender lymph nodes. Viral pharyngitis is accompanied by other upper respiratory symptoms. Diagnosis involves examination of the throat and testing for strep A infection. Treatment of confirmed strep A infection is antibiotics like penicillin, while viral infections receive symptomatic relief. The document provides guidance on differentiating causes, managing complications, and considering the risks and benefits of antibiotic treatment for sore throats.
The document discusses various laryngeal disorders including acute epiglottitis, acute laryngitis, acute laryngitis in children, and chronic laryngitis.
Acute epiglottitis is a dangerous condition characterized by sudden swelling of the epiglottis which can cause airway obstruction. It requires immediate hospitalization, monitoring, antibiotics, steroids, and possibly tracheostomy.
Acute laryngitis is usually caused by a viral infection and causes hoarseness. It is typically self-limiting but requires voice rest, steam inhalation, and sometimes antibiotics/steroids.
Acute laryngitis in children can progress rapidly due to anatomical factors and cause str
The document discusses pharyngitis, including that it is a common condition with many unanswered questions about its causes and treatment, and describes the symptoms, signs, and management of both acute and chronic forms of pharyngitis which can be caused by viral, bacterial, and other infectious agents and environmental irritants.
Laryngitis is an inflammation of the larynx or voice box that can be caused by viral or bacterial infection, chemical irritation, or vocal overuse. Common symptoms include hoarseness, coughing, throat pain, and difficulty speaking or swallowing. Acute laryngitis lasts less than 3 weeks and is often caused by viruses. Chronic laryngitis produces lingering hoarseness from long term irritation or misuse. Treatment focuses on voice rest, inhaling steam, cough suppressants, and sometimes short term steroids or antibiotics. Voice therapy can help restore normal voice quality and prevent future issues.
Pharyngitis- Easy PPT for Nursing StudentsSwatilekha Das
Pharyngitis- Easy PPT for Nursing Students
organs of the respiratory system
Definition
Acute Pharyngitis definition
Causes
Clinical features
Diagnosis
Treatment
Nutritional therapy
Chronic Pharyngitis
types
Clinical manifestations
Medical management
The document summarizes acute epiglottitis, an inflammatory condition of the supraglottic structures including the epiglottis, aryepiglottic folds, and arytenoids that can cause airway obstruction. It describes the anatomy of the epiglottis, causes including H. influenzae infection, symptoms of sore throat and difficulty swallowing, signs of fever and swelling of the epiglottis, diagnosis through examination and imaging, complications of spread of infection, treatment with antibiotics, steroids, and intubation if needed, and good prognosis with timely treatment but risk of sudden airway obstruction.
Pneumonia is an infection that causes inflammation in the lungs. There are two main types: lobar pneumonia, which affects one lung lobe, and bronchopneumonia, which causes patches throughout both lungs. Pneumonia is usually caused by bacteria or viruses and risks factors include age, smoking, and pre-existing medical conditions. Symptoms may include fever, cough, and difficulty breathing. Diagnosis involves chest x-rays and cultures. Treatment focuses on antibiotics and symptom relief. Complications can include lung abscesses or fluid in the chest cavity.
The document provides information on various respiratory tract infections including their classification, anatomy, defenses, risk factors, causes, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment. It discusses common upper respiratory infections such as rhinitis, common cold, sinusitis, pharyngitis, laryngitis, tonsillitis and their epidemiology. For each infection, it describes the etiological agents, signs and symptoms, complications and recommended treatment approaches.
This document discusses various types of laryngitis including acute laryngitis, acute epiglottitis, acute laryngotracheobronchitis, laryngeal diphtheria, edema larynx, chronic laryngitis, pharyngeal laryngitis, atrophic laryngitis, and tuberculosis of the larynx. It describes the etiology, pathology, clinical features, examination findings, and treatment for each condition. The document is written by Dr. Apurva Jarandikar and provides detailed medical information on different forms of laryngeal inflammation and infection.
This document discusses various conditions that can cause sore throat, including common viral and bacterial infections as well as more serious conditions. It describes the symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment of several conditions in detail, such as tonsillitis, acute pharyngitis, peritonsillar abscess, and adenoid hypertrophy. Sore throat can be caused by streptococcal or other bacterial infections, viruses, or enlarged adenoids pressing on the throat. Accurate diagnosis and appropriate use of antibiotics or surgery are important for properly managing sore throat and preventing potential complications.
This document provides an outline and overview of various upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs) including their anatomy, etiology, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment. It discusses common URTIs such as the common cold (coryza), tonsillitis, retropharyngeal abscess, epiglottitis, and laryngotracheobronchitis/croup. For each condition, it describes the causative agents, signs and symptoms, diagnostic approach, and typical treatment plans. The document is intended as an educational guide for medical students to discuss different upper respiratory conditions.
Common respiratory diseases and disorders are described including their signs and symptoms, causes, diagnostic procedures, treatment options and prevention methods. Pneumonia is an acute inflammation of the lungs that can be caused by bacteria or viruses. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a functional diagnosis given to any pathological process that decreases lung function, such as emphysema or chronic bronchitis, often due to smoking or air pollution. Asthma is characterized by recurrent attacks of wheezing and shortness of breath triggered by factors like allergens or infections.
Respiratory dis. presentation1 for gen path copy (2)Art Arts
1) Respiratory diseases are mainly caused by inhalation of infectious agents, allergens, irritants, and carcinogens. The lungs are open to the environment and lack regenerative abilities.
2) Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD) include chronic bronchitis, emphysema, bronchiectasis, and asthma. Tobacco smoke is a major cause and leads to airway obstruction.
3) Pneumonia can result from impaired pulmonary defenses and host resistance. Bacterial and viral pathogens are common causes and treatment involves antibiotics and supportive care.
This document discusses different types of rhinitis including allergic, non-allergic, and infectious rhinitis. It defines rhinitis as inflammation of the nasal membranes characterized by sneezing, congestion, itching, and rhinorrhea. Allergic rhinitis is the most common cause and can be seasonal or perennial. Other types discussed include vasomotor, atrophic, and coryza (common cold) rhinitis. The document provides details on symptoms, signs, causes, pathology, and treatment for each type.
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM: PATHOLOGY OF PNEUMONIASVijay Shankar
Dr. Vijay Shankar presents a case of a 35-year-old male with a 2-day cough producing green-yellow sputum, along with fever, chills, and dyspnea. Examination reveals abnormal breath sounds and dullness in the right lower lung. Gram stain of sputum shows gram-positive cocci and neutrophils. The document then discusses pneumonia as a leading killer of children worldwide and outlines World Pneumonia Day. It proceeds to describe pathology of pneumonia, summarizing types of pneumonia including lobar, bronchial, and interstitial. Defense mechanisms, etiology, pathogenesis, clinical features and complications of pneumonia are explored in detail.
This document discusses upper respiratory tract infections, including their anatomy, causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment. The upper respiratory tract includes the nose, throat, larynx, and trachea. Infections in this area are very common and are usually caused by viruses like the common cold virus. Symptoms include cough, runny nose, sore throat, and difficulty swallowing. Specific infections discussed include rhinitis, sinusitis, pharyngitis, and laryngitis. Treatment focuses on relieving symptoms, with antibiotics only used for bacterial infections. Nursing care involves education on medication use, humidification, avoiding irritants and rest.
to differentiate b/w wheezing and stridor....lead to know to make clinical dx for asthma, croup, laryngomalacia, epiglottis...there many noisy breathing....our focus wheezing n stridor....
CS 17-18 Management of Upper Respiratory Tract Disorders (1).pptxgulfjewelhotmailcom
This document discusses the management of upper respiratory tract infections. It begins by outlining the objectives and topics to be covered, including viral rhinitis, acute and chronic pharyngitis and tonsillitis, epistaxis, and cancer of the larynx. For each condition, it describes the etiology, clinical manifestations, diagnostic findings, medical management, and nursing management. Surgical procedures for cancer of the larynx and postoperative care are also outlined. The document provides a comprehensive overview of assessing and treating various upper respiratory infections and conditions.
Pneumonia is an infection of the lungs that causes inflammation in the air sacs (alveoli) and makes breathing difficult. It has many potential causes including bacteria, viruses, and other pathogens. The presentation involves symptoms like cough, fever, and chest pain. Diagnosis involves chest x-ray and testing of sputum samples. Treatment depends on severity but generally involves antibiotics, oxygen, fluids and rest. Complications can include lung abscesses, sepsis and respiratory failure. Prevention focuses on vaccination, smoking cessation, and respiratory hygiene.
1. Acute rheumatic fever is an autoimmune disease that develops after a streptococcal infection and can affect the heart, joints, brain and skin. It is mainly seen in children aged 5-14 years from low socioeconomic backgrounds.
2. Bronchiectasis is a chronic lung condition caused by persistent lung infections that destroys the airways and causes them to dilate permanently. It can result from cystic fibrosis, primary ciliary dyskinesia or severe lung infections and treatments involve airway clearance and long-term antibiotics.
3. Both conditions involve recurrent infections and inflammation of the lungs and/or heart but acute rheumatic fever is self-limiting while bronchiectasis is
Pneumonia is an infection that inflames the air sacs in one or both lungs. The air sacs may fill with fluid or pus (purulent material), causing cough with phlegm or pus, fever, chills, and difficulty breathing. A variety of organisms, including bacteria, viruses and fungi, can cause pneumonia.
Pneumonia can range in seriousness from mild to life-threatening. It is most serious for infants and young children, people older than age 65, and people with health problems or weakened immune systems.
Infeksi Jamur pada Paru dapat disebabkan oleh berbagai jenis jamur, seperti Candida, Aspergillus, Cryptococcus, dan Pneumocystis. Candida albicans adalah penyebab utama kandidiasis paru yang menyebabkan gejala batuk berdahak, sesak napas, dan demam. Aspergillus dapat menyebabkan aspergilloma, ABPA, atau aspergilosis invasif yang ditandai dengan nodul paru dan bronkiektazis. Diagnosis didasarkan pada pemer
This document provides information about community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). It discusses the epidemiology, risk factors, etiology, pathogenesis, clinical features, diagnosis, and management of CAP. CAP results in over 1 million hospitalizations and 55,000 deaths annually in the United States. The most common causes are Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and respiratory viruses like influenza. Clinical features may include fever, cough, shortness of breath, and findings on physical exam like crackles and decreased breath sounds.
Rhinosinusitis is inflammation of the nose and paranasal sinuses that is classified as acute or chronic based on duration of symptoms. Acute rhinosinusitis lasts less than 12 weeks and is usually viral in origin, while chronic rhinosinusitis lasts over 12 weeks with ongoing symptoms. Chronic rhinosinusitis can be further classified based on the presence of nasal polyps and type of inflammation present. Type 2 inflammation involving cytokines IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13 is associated with treatment failure, asthma, and higher rates of polyp formation. The sinus mucosa acts as an immune barrier, and type 2 inflammation can cause barrier weakness and failure, predisposing to recurrence of rhinosinusitis
Similar to acute and chronic laryngeal inflammation (20)
1. ACUTE AND CHRONICACUTE AND CHRONIC
INFLAMMATIONS OFINFLAMMATIONS OF
LARYNXLARYNX
DEPT OF
OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGY
J J M M C
DAVANAGERE
2. ACUTE LARYNGITIS (SIMPLE)
• AETIOLOGY: Secondary to inflammation of
nose, throat, paranasal sinuses
• Air born infection by adenovirus, influenza
leads to secondary bacterial infection by
damaging mucosa
• Most common organisms are moraxella
catarrhalis, streptococcus pneumoniae,
haemophilus influenzae
• Unfavorable climate, physical, psychological
strain are predisposing factors
3. ACUTE LARYNGITIS (SIMPLE)-
PATHOLOGY
• Mucosal inflammation extravasation of
fluid
• Infiltration of neutrophils/ lymphocytes/
plasma cells
• Muscles, joints, perichondrium affected
• Epithelial exfoliation, necrosis occurs
• In some instance fibrosis results with
mucosal loss leading to chronic laryngitis
4. ACUTE LARYNGITIS (SIMPLE)-
SYMPTOMS
• Hoarseness of voice
• Discomfort
• Pain
• Instant paroxysmal cough
• General cold
• Dryness of throat
• Malaise
• fever
5. ACUTE LARYNGITIS (SIMPLE)-
SIGNS
• Erythema and edema of epiglottis, aryepiglottic
folds, arytenoids and ventricular bands
• Vocal cords appear normal in early stages
• In later stages congestion and swelling increases,
vocal cords become red and swollen
• Sticky secretions are seen between cords and
interarytenoid region
• Submucosal hemorrhages may be seen in the
vocal cords
9. ACUTE FIBRINOUS
LARYNGITIS- PATHOLOGY
• Affects entire respiratory tract
• The loose areolar tissue in the subglottic
region swells up and causes respiratory
obstruction and stridor
• This coupled with thick tenacious
secretions and crusts may completely
occlude the airway
10. ACUTE FIBRINOUS
LARYNGITIS- SIGNS AND
SYMPTOMS
• Hoarseness
• Croupy cough
• 39- 40 degree temperature
• Common cold
• Difficulty to breath
• Inspiratory stridor
• Increased muscular energy consumption
• Increased CO2 retention leads to metabolic
respiratory acidosis, paralysis of respiratory
regulation centers
• CYNOSIS may be present
12. ACUTE FIBRINOUS
LARYNGITIS- TREATMENT
• Hospitalization: isolated room
• Treatment with moist air
• Antibiotics-Broad spectrum penicillins amoxicillin
50mg/kg
• Mucolytics: oral or aerosol
• Nasogastric feeding
• Hydration
• Steroids ?
• Intubation / tracheostomy
• Ventilator support may be required
13. SUBGLOTTIC LARYNGITIS
(PSEUDOCROUP)
• Common in young children- 3 years of age
• Caused by influenza virus
• Signs and symptoms: subglottic edema (+)
croup, stridor, no fever
• Treatment : voice rest, steroids, tracheostomy
may be needed
15. ACUTE EPIGLOTTITIS-
CLINICAL FEATURES
• Onset : abrupt / rapid progressive
• Sore throat
• Dysphagia in adults
• Dyspnoea and stridor in children
• Tripod sign
• Drooling of saliva
• Fever 40 degree Celsius
16. ACUTE EPIGLOTTITIS-
CLINICAL FEATURES
• Epiglottis appears like a rounded swollen
mass
• Tongue depression and indirect
laryngoscopy may cause fatal laryngeal
spasm so it is avoided
• Lateral soft tissue x ray shows swollen
epiglottis (thumb sign)
20. OEDEMA OF THE LARYNX
• Oedema of mucosa can accompany any
inflammatory reaction therefore not a
specific disease but rather a sign
• Solitary reaction to different types of
stimuli like exogenous or unknown /
trauma, infection, tobacco, radiation
21. OEDEMA OF THE LARYNX-
ETIOLOGY
• Infection: acute epiglottitis, croup, tuberculosis,
syphilis
• From neighboring structures: quinsy, retro and
parapharyngeal abscess, Ludwig's angina
• Trauma: tongue, larynx, floor of mouth burns
(physical, chemical), Foreign bodies, post
endoscopy
• Neoplasms: larynx, tongue, pharynx
• Allergy
• Angioneurotic oedema
• Radiation
• Systemic diseases: nephritis, cardiac failure,
myxedema
22. REINKE’S OEDEMA
• Named after German anatomist
• Reinke’s space bound between superior
and inferior arcuate lines which is filled
with loose areolar tissue
23. REINKE’S OEDEMA
Etiology
• Precisely not known
• Allergy, infection, local irritants like
tobacco
• Common in men age 30-60 yrs
Clinical features
• On IDL examination : vocal cord red
swollen, slightly translucent, mucosa
shows polypoidal changes
• Hoarseness stridor cough present
26. ANGIONEUROTIC OEDEMA
• May be allergic, non allergic OR
hereditary and non hereditary
• Recurrent attacks of local swelling in
various parts of the body: face, larynx,
limbs, buttocks
• Death occurs because of the edema of the
larynx
• Colic, nausea, vomiting
27. ANGIONEUROTIC OEDEMA
• Allergic: food, medicines, inhaled
allergens (ACE inhibitors used in
treatment of essential hypertension)
• Hereditary Angioneurotic edema:
described by Sir William Osler (1888)
Serum deficiency of C1 esterase inhibitor
protein thus inhibiting compliment
activation, kinin formation and fibrinolysis
Triad of symptoms: abdominal pain,
peripheral non pitting oedema, laryngeal
oedema
28. ANGIONEUROTIC OEDEMA-
TREATMENT
• 36000 units of C1 INH
• Recurrent attacks : use fibrinolytic
inhibitors like epsilon amino caprioc acid,
tranexamic acid or methyl testosterone
derivative ( danazol) these drugs
stimulate C1 INH production
31. CHRONIC LARYNGITIS
• Diffuse inflammatory condition symmetrically
involving whole larynx
• Aetiology
1. Incomplete resolution of acute laryngitis and its
recurrent attacks
2. Chronic infection in paranasal sinuses, teeth,
tonsils and chest
3. Occupational factors miners, gold/ironsmiths,
chemical industries
4. Smoking, alcohol
5. Chronic lung disease
6. Vocal abuse
32. CHRONIC LARYNGITIS-
CLINICAL FEATURES
• Hoarseness of voice easily tired becoming
aphonic
• Constant hawking, dryness, compelled to clear
throat
• Discomfort in throat
• Dry irritating cough
Signs
• Hyperemia of vocal cords : dull, red and round
• Viscid mucosa in vocal cord and interarytenoid
region