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Assignment 2-Health, Sport, Physical Activity in Australia
- 1. WELCOME PARENTS AND GAURDIANS •Major health concerns impacting Australian youth • How sport/physical activity can help achieve better health • Roles schools play in improving the health status of Australian youth HEALTH, SPORT AND PHYSICAL ACTIVITY
- 2. NATIONAL HEALTH PRIORITYAREAS (NHPAs) Cancer Cardiovascular disease Mental health Diabetes Asthma Obesity Dementia Musculoskeletal conditions Injury prevention and control
- 3. OBESITY AND ITSHORRORS Those that are overweight or obese have a higher risk of: Cardiovascular disease Diabetes type 2 Asthma Some cancers Over 1 in 5 children aged 5-14 years old were overweight in 2007/2008. Table 1: Campbell, Crawford & Salmon, 2006
- 4. RISK FACTORS ASSOCIATEDWITH OBESITY Live in a regional, rural or remote area Low socioeconomic status Indigenous population Females have a higher rate than males SEDENTARY BEHAVIOUR Less likely to participate in physical activity More likely to drink energy drinks Less likely to eat fruit Figure 1:Chiang, O’Dea & Peralta, 2014 Campbell, Crawford & Salmon, 2006
- 5. RECOMMENED PHYSICAL ACTIVITY Average 60 minutes of physical activity per day (7 hours a week) Moderate to vigorous intensity Physical activity should be aerobic Can be accumulative throughout the week Less than 2 hours of sedentary time ONLY 60% of 5-14 year olds participate in sport Sport is good and fun way to get active, especially for children Sport helps develop teamwork and social interactions Janssen & LeBlanc, 2010
- 6. PHYSICAL ACTIVITY HASTHE POTENTIAL TO: Improve mental state Increase bone density Improve total body fat and BMI Lower blood pressure and cholesterol Increase metabolic rate Decreases risk of diabetes type 2 AND IT CAN BE FUN!! Don’t forget to drink lots of water! Hansen & Morgan, 2008 Janssen & LeBlanc, 2010
- 7. PHYSICAL ACTIVITY INPRIMARY SCHOOLS Enhanced learning and concentration Physical benefits Social benefits In Hansen & Morgan’s study on teachers perception of the benefits of physical education in the classroom they had 3 areas which teachers believed were benefited by. These were: Hansen & Morgan, 2008
- 8. ROLE OF SCHOOLSIN IMPROVING YOUTH HEALTH Schools have a major influence on children’s life Access to information about healthy living Providing children with the information and knowledge to make healthy choices, children will be able to make their own informed decisions about their health. To achieve the benefits for children our approach in relation to nutrition, physical activity and education at school need to be positive and reinforced.
- 9. SCHOOL ROLES INTHE HEALTH OF AUSTRALIAN YOUTH Following the guidelines for the school canteen Encourage meant of healthy eating and what are “sometimes food” Always updating and working with programs and being advised by accredited nutrition companies Advertise WHAT is healthy eating and the benefits Make sure all children participate in physical activity at school in a constructive, inclusive and encouraging way Support programs such as Sporting school Initiative Sporting School Initiative Website- https://www.sportingschools.gov.au/ Nutrition Australia: Promoting health in schools- http://www.nutritionaustralia.org/vic/schools-programs
- 10. HEALTH AND AUSTRALIANYOUTH Parents and schools are two major influences in a child’s life Obesity is a rapidly growing issue in Australia Obesity can lead to other major health risks Physical activity and nutrition can improve weight issues as well as other health issues Physical activity can enhance academic learning and concentration in children 60 minutes of physical activity a day is recommended And remember… Make being healthy fun!
- 11. References http://www.health.gov.au/internet/main/publishing.nsf/Content/health-pubhlth-strateg-youth-overview.htm Last updated 03/12/2007 Accessedon the 02/05/2015 Campbell, K., Crawford, D. and Salmon, J., 2006. Television viewing habits associated with obesity risk factors: a survey of Melbourne school children. Medical Journal of Australia. Chen, G., Ratcliffe, J., Olds, T., Magarey, A., Jones, M., and Leslie E., 2014. BMI, Health Behaviours, and Quality of Life in Children and Adolescents: A School-Based Study. Pediatrics, Volume 133, Number 4 (2014), pp. e868-e874 Chiang, H., O’Dea, J. and Peralta, L., 2014. Socioeconomic patterns of overweight, obesity but not thinness persist from childhood to adolescence in a 6 -year longitudinal cohort of Australian schoolchildren from 2007 to 2012. BMC Public Health. http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2458/14/222 Hansen, V., & Morgan, P., 2008. Physical Education in Primary Schools: Classroom teacher’s perception of benefits and outcomes. Health Education Journal 67(3) 2008 196–207 Janssen, I., and LeBlanc, A., 2010. Systematic review of the health benefits of physical activity and fitness in school-aged children and youth. International journal of behavioural nutrition and physical activity http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2885312/ Australian Government: Department of Health Website http://www.health.gov.au/internet/main/publishing.nsf/Content/Sports-Home Last updated: 17/04/2015 Accessed on 03/05/2015 Australian Institute of Health and Welfare website http://www.aihw.gov.au/families-and-children/ Accessed on the 02/05/2015 Reproduced with permission from NSW HSC Online http://hsc.csu.edu.au © NSW Department of Education and Communities, and Charles Sturt University, 2015 http://www.hsc.csu.edu.au/pdhpe/core1/focus/focus1_2/4004/1-2-2/health_pri1_2_2.htm Accessed on the 02/05/2015
Editor's Notes
- #2 Intro/title page: Welcome parents and guardians, thank you for making it today. I’m here to talk about health, sport and physical activity in Australia in regards to our youth. In particular primary school children. My name is Grace Hanrahan and I will be talking about major health issues that impact our health, how we can improve our health through physical activity and sport and the role schools play in improving the health of Australia’s youth.
- #3 Slide 2: The Australian Government has identified pressing health issues that affect us all and need to be addressed. These are called the National Health Priority Areas, also known as NHPAs. These are Cancer, cardiovascular diseases, mental health, diabetes, obesity, asthma, injury prevention, dementia and musculoskeletal conditions. These areas have been identified by their impact on quality of life, prevalence and cost to society (NSW HSC Online). I will be covering one of the national health priority areas in a bit more detail and this will be obesity. I have selected this area because it is the one I believe we have the most control over and can impact all the other areas mentioned to some degree. The one we can as a community and society can improve the most just by making better choices and so in turn also reduce the risk of being affected by the health priority areas.
- #4 Slide 3: Over 1 in 5 children or 23% of children aged 5-14 were overweight in 2007/2008 (Australian Institute of Health and Welfare website). If a person is overweight or obese they have a higher risk of cardiovascular disease, diabetes type 2, asthma and some cancers (Australian Institute of Health and Welfare website). Overweight children are often bullied for this, which can affect their mental wellbeing as well. Children that are overweight are more likely to be overweight through adolescence and adulthood.
- #5 Slide 4: Being overweight and obese is mainly influenced by a person’s diet and physical activity. Obesity tends to have higher rates in certain social, cultural, economic and/or other environmental influences. People that come from a regional or remote area, low socio-economic status and indigenous background have a higher risk as well as females of being overweight (Chiang, O’Dea & Peralta, 2014). The more active you are and the healthier you eat, the less likely you are to be overweight. Sedentary behaviour can have a big impact on a child’s health. In a study done in Melbourne they found that children that watched television for two or more hours a day are more likely to energy drinks and less likely to participate in physical activity and eat fruit. These factors all increase the risk of being overweight (Campbell, Crawford & Salmon, 2006).
- #6 Slide 5: Sport and physical activity have multiple benefits for people. Not only can sport be fun but it has physical and mental benefits as well. The department of health of found that only 60% of children aged 5-14 years participate in sport regularly. This means 40% of children aren’t getting the all health benefits that’s physical activity provides. It’s recommended that children of 5 to 12 years of age, should participate in an average of 60 minutes of moderate to vigorous/intensive physical activity a day. The more active they are increases the health benefits (Janssen & LeBlanc, 2010).
- #7 Slide 6: The potential physical and mental effects that physical activity can have on the body is significant. With the recommended 60-90 minutes of moderate to vigorous activity it can have the potential to: Improve a child’s mental state, by improving depression ratings and academic performance (Hansen & Morgan, 2008). Increase bone density, when doing weight bearing activity or skipping, jumping and climbing. Has shown significant improvements in measures of total fat and BMI Lowers blood pressure and cholesterol; and Increases metabolic activity Decreases risk of developing diabetes type 2 (Janssen & LeBlanc, 2010). These health benefits are substantial. They all help children to lead a happier and healthier lifestyle. Don’t forget that with more activity means the need for increased water intake.
- #8 Slide 7: Physical activity in primary schools can vary depending on the school and the teacher. It is important that teachers recognise the importance of physical activity and education. A study conducted by Hansen and Morgan in 2008 looked at teacher perceptions on physical activity. All the teachers believed that physical education and activity was very beneficial to students. Teachers noticed that the children improved socially with teamwork and life skills. Student’s concentration improved and performed better academically. Two teachers tested out this theory in the study and had one class doing physical activity at school and the other didn’t. After a time they gave the class the same test. When marked they found the class that did physical activity did better than the one that didn’t. Teachers in the study also stated that they felt responsibility in the increasing obesity rate because they believed children most likely spent most of the time outside of school doing sedentary activities (Hansen & Morgan, 2008). Not only is physical activity important at school but it needs to be reinforced and encourage in the child’s home life.
- #9 Slide 8: Schools have an important role in improving the health of Australian youth. Children spend a lot of time at school and school becomes a major influence in their childhood. There should always be access to information about leading a healthy lifestyle and its benefits. It should also be taught and reinforced in classrooms, not only at home. By providing children with the information and knowledge to make healthy choices, children will be able to make their own informed decisions about their health. To achieve the benefits and outcomes best for our children our approach in relation to nutrition, physical activity and education at school and home need to be positive, reinforced and complimentary to each other. Our belief, attitude and confidence are key when teaching or imparting knowledge to our children if we wish them to be positively impacted within their learning and home environments.
- #10 Slide 9: Schools have a duty of care to the students they have under their jurisdiction at school. Encouraging healthy lifestyle choices is important. There should also be an opportunity for all students to be able to participate in physical activity and sport. There are some sports programs that are specifically designed around primary school children and the availability for all children to have the opportunity to participate and learn a sport, no matter the demographic of the child. Schools should be continuously bringing up, creating awareness and supporting programs and initiatives of healthy eating and exercising. School canteens have got guidelines on what food they can sell and are restricted with the amount of unhealthy foods or “sometime foods”. Schools are also advised by the government and people like the Nutrition Australia that have programs for schools on healthy lifestyle changes. Or the Australian Health Promoting Schools Association. Sporting School Initiative is one program that is run nationally in primary schools. It gives access to sport based activities to primary school children before, during and after school. This is the link to the website to find out more and see what is available around your child’s school. **Points to link**. The role of the school and teacher cannot be underestimated for these programs to be successful. They should be committed to the outcomes they can achieve.
- #11 Slide 10: We as schools, teachers and parents need to be taking shared responsibility in the children’s lives. We are the major influences they have and should be leading by example and encouraging a healthy lifestyle. Obesity in our country is increasing and we can influence and hopefully reverse this trend if we encourage children while in primary school and teach them the importance of physical activity and nutrition. Physical activity for children should be fun to encourage willing participation and implemented in all aspects of their lives. By walking to and from school, to the shops as well if possible. Go to the park to run around and play, participating in a sport- which also improves social development for children. 60 minutes a day of physical activity could be the difference in the long term for the happiness of the children. Let’s hope together we can reverse the obesity trend and lower the increasing rate of type 2 diabetes with it! Thank you for coming to this presentation on health and Australian youth. I hope you picked up something from the presentation and willing continue encouraging your children to make healthy choices. For anyone wanting more information I encourage you to go to either the Australian Government-Department of health website, the World Health Organisation website or go and see your local GP.