1. The document discusses differences in cognitive abilities and brain structure between males and females. It summarizes several studies investigating empathy, systemizing abilities, spatial skills, and other areas.
2. Males generally show stronger systemizing abilities while females show stronger empathy. Studies also found males perform better on spatial and math tasks while females perform better on verbal tasks.
3. Brain structure differences are also discussed, such as males having a larger hypothalamus on average. Testosterone levels are linked to abilities like spatial skills for both males and females.
Dokumen tersebut merangkum perjuangan rakyat Tanah Melayu melawan penjajahan Jepun dan Inggeris sehingga akhirnya negara mencapai kemerdekaan pada 31 Ogos 1957 di bawah kepimpinan Tunku Abdul Rahman.
Dokumen tersebut membahas mengenai kaedah penyelidikan dalam pendidikan sekolah rendah, meliputi topik seperti etika penyelidikan terhadap kanak-kanak, jenis penyelidikan kualitatif dan kuantitatif, analisis data, dan cara menyusun proposal penyelidikan. Dokumen tersebut juga memberikan panduan lengkap mengenai proses
Etnografi secara ringkasnya merupakan kaedah kerja lapangan untuk memahami budaya manusia melalui pemerhatian dan interaksi dengan masyarakat yang dikaji selama tempoh yang panjang guna mendapatkan maklumat secara terperinci.
Bandingan semacam adalah bahasa kiasan yang menggunakan kata-kata seperti "macam", "seperti", "bagai", dan "laksana" untuk membandingkan sifat, keadaan, atau benda dengan benda lain. Contohnya termasuk "pintar macam Sang Kancil", "takut macam harimau", dan "berani macam singa".
Dokumen tersebut merangkum perjuangan rakyat Tanah Melayu melawan penjajahan Jepun dan Inggeris sehingga akhirnya negara mencapai kemerdekaan pada 31 Ogos 1957 di bawah kepimpinan Tunku Abdul Rahman.
Dokumen tersebut membahas mengenai kaedah penyelidikan dalam pendidikan sekolah rendah, meliputi topik seperti etika penyelidikan terhadap kanak-kanak, jenis penyelidikan kualitatif dan kuantitatif, analisis data, dan cara menyusun proposal penyelidikan. Dokumen tersebut juga memberikan panduan lengkap mengenai proses
Etnografi secara ringkasnya merupakan kaedah kerja lapangan untuk memahami budaya manusia melalui pemerhatian dan interaksi dengan masyarakat yang dikaji selama tempoh yang panjang guna mendapatkan maklumat secara terperinci.
Bandingan semacam adalah bahasa kiasan yang menggunakan kata-kata seperti "macam", "seperti", "bagai", dan "laksana" untuk membandingkan sifat, keadaan, atau benda dengan benda lain. Contohnya termasuk "pintar macam Sang Kancil", "takut macam harimau", dan "berani macam singa".
This document outlines the syllabus for the Information and Communications Technology (ICT) subject for the STPM (Malaysia Higher School Certificate Examination). The syllabus is divided into three terms, with the first term covering ICT and multimedia fundamentals and applications. It aims to equip students with knowledge of ICT and skills in areas like programming, information systems development, and multimedia applications. The syllabus provides learning outcomes, assessment details, sample questions, and a list of reference books to guide teaching and learning for the subject.
Geog f1 kepentingan saliran SMKJENGKA PUSAT 2nasriyah nas
Dokumen ini membahas tentang geografi tingkat 1 yang membahas tentang bentuk muka bumi, khususnya mengenai kepentingan saluran air dan pinggir laut. Kepentingan saluran air meliputi sebagai sempadan, perikanan, perhubungan dan pengangkutan, pengairan, dan penjanaan listrik. Sedangkan kepentingan pinggir laut meliputi perikanan, pelancongan, perlombongan, dan pelabuhan.
Dokumen tersebut membahas tentang dimensi perbezaan budaya menurut Hofstede yang terdiri dari jarak kuasa, pengelakan ketidakpastian, individualisme vs kolektivisme, maskulinisme vs feminisme, konteks tinggi vs rendah, dan polikronik vs monokronik. Dimensi-dimensi tersebut relevan dalam pengambilan keputusan organisasi dan mampu mempengaruhi gaya kepimpinan serta menjelaskan masalah sumber day
Kerajaan Malayan Union dibentuk oleh orang British bertujuan untuk menggabungkan Negeri-Negeri Selat, Negeri-Negeri Bersekutu dan Negeri-Negeri tidak bersekutu di bawah satu pemerintahan. Malayan Union dikenali dengan Prinsip Jus Soli iaitu hak kerakyatan kepada semua orang.
Dokumen tersebut membincangkan mengenai mock-up sebagai model awal sebelum prototaip dihasilkan. Ia menjelaskan ciri-ciri mock-up seperti tidak berskala, menggunakan bahan asas, dan tidak berfungsi seperti produk sebenar. Dokumen ini juga membandingkan perbezaan antara mock-up dan prototaip.
Dokumen ini membahas tentang percanggahan fizikal dan prinsip-prinsip inventif untuk menyelesaikan masalah tersebut. Prinsip-prinsip tersebut adalah pemisahan ruang dan pemisahan waktu. Dokumen ini juga menjelaskan proses mengidentifikasi masalah, mencadangkan solusi berdasarkan prinsip-prinsip tersebut, dan menjustifikasi perubahan desain.
This study analyzed the prevalence of bovine aortic arch configurations in patients with and without thoracic aortic pathology. The researchers reviewed over 800 computed tomography scans and found that 31% of patients had some form of bovine arch. Specifically, 15% had a Type I bovine arch and 16% had a Type II. When comparing 156 patients with thoracic aortic dissection or aneurysm to controls, the study found those with pathology were more likely to have a Type II bovine arch. They concluded that patients with bovine arch configurations may be associated with higher levels of thoracic aortic disease.
Disease Process in Animals: Foot Rot in Cattleb.stev
Foot Rot, Cattle Disease, Fusobacterium necrophorum, Bacteroides melaninogenicus, animal susceptibility to disease, disease susceptibility in animals, why disease in animals occurs, what is foot rot, what happens in foot rot, disease process of foot rot in cattle, treatment of foot rot in cattle, prevention of foot rot in cattle
This document outlines the syllabus for the Information and Communications Technology (ICT) subject for the STPM (Malaysia Higher School Certificate Examination). The syllabus is divided into three terms, with the first term covering ICT and multimedia fundamentals and applications. It aims to equip students with knowledge of ICT and skills in areas like programming, information systems development, and multimedia applications. The syllabus provides learning outcomes, assessment details, sample questions, and a list of reference books to guide teaching and learning for the subject.
Geog f1 kepentingan saliran SMKJENGKA PUSAT 2nasriyah nas
Dokumen ini membahas tentang geografi tingkat 1 yang membahas tentang bentuk muka bumi, khususnya mengenai kepentingan saluran air dan pinggir laut. Kepentingan saluran air meliputi sebagai sempadan, perikanan, perhubungan dan pengangkutan, pengairan, dan penjanaan listrik. Sedangkan kepentingan pinggir laut meliputi perikanan, pelancongan, perlombongan, dan pelabuhan.
Dokumen tersebut membahas tentang dimensi perbezaan budaya menurut Hofstede yang terdiri dari jarak kuasa, pengelakan ketidakpastian, individualisme vs kolektivisme, maskulinisme vs feminisme, konteks tinggi vs rendah, dan polikronik vs monokronik. Dimensi-dimensi tersebut relevan dalam pengambilan keputusan organisasi dan mampu mempengaruhi gaya kepimpinan serta menjelaskan masalah sumber day
Kerajaan Malayan Union dibentuk oleh orang British bertujuan untuk menggabungkan Negeri-Negeri Selat, Negeri-Negeri Bersekutu dan Negeri-Negeri tidak bersekutu di bawah satu pemerintahan. Malayan Union dikenali dengan Prinsip Jus Soli iaitu hak kerakyatan kepada semua orang.
Dokumen tersebut membincangkan mengenai mock-up sebagai model awal sebelum prototaip dihasilkan. Ia menjelaskan ciri-ciri mock-up seperti tidak berskala, menggunakan bahan asas, dan tidak berfungsi seperti produk sebenar. Dokumen ini juga membandingkan perbezaan antara mock-up dan prototaip.
Dokumen ini membahas tentang percanggahan fizikal dan prinsip-prinsip inventif untuk menyelesaikan masalah tersebut. Prinsip-prinsip tersebut adalah pemisahan ruang dan pemisahan waktu. Dokumen ini juga menjelaskan proses mengidentifikasi masalah, mencadangkan solusi berdasarkan prinsip-prinsip tersebut, dan menjustifikasi perubahan desain.
This study analyzed the prevalence of bovine aortic arch configurations in patients with and without thoracic aortic pathology. The researchers reviewed over 800 computed tomography scans and found that 31% of patients had some form of bovine arch. Specifically, 15% had a Type I bovine arch and 16% had a Type II. When comparing 156 patients with thoracic aortic dissection or aneurysm to controls, the study found those with pathology were more likely to have a Type II bovine arch. They concluded that patients with bovine arch configurations may be associated with higher levels of thoracic aortic disease.
Disease Process in Animals: Foot Rot in Cattleb.stev
Foot Rot, Cattle Disease, Fusobacterium necrophorum, Bacteroides melaninogenicus, animal susceptibility to disease, disease susceptibility in animals, why disease in animals occurs, what is foot rot, what happens in foot rot, disease process of foot rot in cattle, treatment of foot rot in cattle, prevention of foot rot in cattle
This document discusses the differential diagnosis for various diseases including Johne's disease, actinomycosis, bacillary necrosis of the liver, Brucella suis infection, nodular necrosis, parasitic affections, anthrax, actinobacillosis, actinomycosis, caseous lymphadenitis, foot and mouth disease, rabies, brucellosis, pox, tetanus, and Rift valley fever. For each disease, it provides details on causative agents, lesions, potential transmission to humans, and judgment on condemnation of affected animal parts or whole carcasses.
Sheep were exhibiting lameness, swelling and moistness of the skin between the toes with foul discharge. More severe cases showed sloughing off of the hoof and systemic symptoms like fever and loss of appetite. Treatment involved complete rest, intramuscular injections of streptomycin every 12 hours for 5-7 days, cleaning and trimming the affected foot and soaking it in a 10% copper sulfate or zinc sulfate solution. Vaccination with 2 subcutaneous doses 4-8 weeks apart could help prevent the condition.
There are two main causes of skin allergies in horses: environmental allergens and insect bite hypersensitivity. Environmental allergens can cause hives, atopic dermatitis, and may be pruritic or not. Insect bite hypersensitivity is caused by bites from insects like Culicoides midges and causes sweet itch marked by hair loss on the mane, tail, and belly along with intense itching. Diagnosis involves ruling out other causes and doing skin or serum allergy testing to identify specific allergens. Treatment focuses on avoidance of allergens, topical therapies, antihistamines, corticosteroids, and immunotherapy.
This document discusses several viral diseases that affect wild ruminants, including foot-and-mouth disease, peste des petits ruminants, rinderpest, bluetongue, bovine viral diarrhea, malignant catarrhal fever, and contagious ecthyma. It provides details on the causative agents, transmission methods, clinical signs, lesions, diagnosis, and treatment for each disease. Rinderpest is described as causing depression, diarrhea, dehydration, and death in affected animals. Bluetongue virus is transmitted by biting midges and can result in swelling of the tongue and lips, necrosis of the dental pad, and a blue and dry muzzle. Contagious ecthyma
This document describes vaginal fold edema and prolapse in dogs. It notes that the condition causes an edematous swelling or large mass to protrude from the vulva. It can affect bitches from 1 to 8 years old. Treatment options discussed include applying topical medications, systemic antibiotics and anti-inflammatories, and surgical removal of the mass. The document outlines two anesthesia protocols that can be used for surgery and describes the surgical technique of amputating the base of the edematous mucosa using sutures. Histopathological examination found hydropic degeneration and edema in the smooth muscles of affected vulvas.
Animal health certification in livestock trade between Somalia and the Middle...marketsblog
Presentation by Dr Peter Ithondeka, Director of Veterinary Services, Kenya at the Enhancing Safe Inter-regional Livestock Trade held at Dubai, UAE, 13-16 June 2011.
Rift Valley Fever is a viral disease that primarily affects sheep, goats, cattle, and humans. It is transmitted by mosquitoes and causes high rates of abortion and mortality in young animals. Clinical signs in sheep and goats include fever, jaundice, abortion, and death. Lambs and kids often die within 1-3 days of showing signs. Necropsy findings include massive hepatic necrosis and hemorrhages throughout the body. Differential diagnosis includes diseases causing similar symptoms such as bluetongue or hepatitis.
This document discusses the differential diagnosis of diarrhea in small and large intestines. It defines diarrhea and outlines key clinical signs that can indicate the location and underlying cause. For small intestine diarrhea, potential causes include dietary issues, infections, inflammatory/immune diseases, and idiopathic conditions. Large intestine diarrhea may result from similar causes like diet, infections, inflammation, and cancer, as well as obstructions, drugs/toxins, and stress. The document provides extensive lists of specific disorders, pathogens, medications, and toxins that commonly contribute to diarrhea in each intestinal region.
Wildlife-livestock-human interface: recognising drivers of diseaseILRI
This document summarizes a presentation on wildlife-livestock-human disease transmission interfaces in Kenya. It discusses drivers of emerging infectious diseases like climate change and land use changes. Case studies on zoonotic diseases in smallholder farms in Western Kenya and Nipah virus transmission from bats to humans in Asia are described. A study on Malignant Catarrhal Fever transmission from wildebeest to cattle in the Kapiti Plains is also summarized. The presentation concludes that increased contact between wildlife, livestock and humans due to anthropogenic changes is increasing disease risks, and that pathogens may be one step ahead of current prediction capabilities.
This document does not provide any apparent essential information in 3 sentences or less. It consists of a series of blank lines without any text content.
This document outlines various poultry diseases categorized by their transmission method. It discusses diseases that occur in late summer and winter, those transmitted by insects, and zoonotic diseases that can transmit to humans. It also covers vertically transmitted diseases, diseases with inclusion bodies, airborne diseases, egg-borne diseases, and diseases that cause immunosuppression. The document appears to be lecture notes on poultry disease from a 2014-2015 class taught by Dr. Nawar that covers four stages of various disease topics.
Test Your Sustainability by Cherie Chen et alArt4Agriculture
The Cream of the Crop Competition invites students in NSW secondary and tertiary education institutions to create a PowerPoint or a video which can be published on the web and win $500.
The competition ask the students to promote the importance of agriculture to their peers, to encourage a better understanding of agriculture as well as promote agricultural careers and rural life.
It is about the some basic treatment procedure of common poultry diseases in domestic poultry species in Bangladesh. Its presented easily as much we can. Information are collected from the long time experienced teachers, I think it will be helpful.
Respiratory Disease: Diagnosis, Treatment and Prevention (Schott)Gwyn Shelle
Can my horse get the swine flu? Why does my horse cough at the beginning of exercise? Can I catch strangles from my horse? Why do racehorses bleed rom their noses? These and other questions will be answered in this webcast.
Chemical destruction of the teat involves injecting solutions such as diluted formalin, silver nitrate, acriflavine, copper sulfate, or chlorhexidine into the teat to destroy the teat tissue. This is done as a last resort when the teat cannot otherwise be salvaged due to extensive damage or infection. The solutions work to kill the teat tissue over the course of a few days through their disinfectant and caustic properties. Pretreating with a local anesthetic like megludyne can help reduce pain from the chemical destruction process.
This chapter discusses radio transmitters and their components. It begins with an overview of transmitter fundamentals, including the basic requirements of carrier generation, modulation, power amplification, and impedance matching. It then covers various carrier generation methods using crystal oscillators, frequency synthesizers, and direct digital synthesis. The chapter also examines the three main types of power amplifiers: linear, Class C, and switching. Linear amplifiers accurately amplify signals, while Class C and switching amplifiers are more efficient but introduce distortion that requires additional circuitry. The chapter provides examples of typical circuits used for buffering, pushing, pulling, and broadening the bandwidth of radio transmitter signals.
Epidemiology is the study and analysis of the patterns, causes, and effects of health and disease conditions in defined populations. It is the cornerstone of public health, and shapes policy decisions and evidence-based practice by identifying risk factors for disease and targets for preventive healthcare. Epidemiologists help with study design, collection, and statistical analysis of data, amend interpretation and dissemination of results (including peer review and occasional systematic review). Epidemiology has helped develop methodology used in clinical research, public health studies, and, to a lesser extent, basic research in the biological sciences
The document discusses differences between male and female brains. Anatomically, male brains are larger overall and have more grey matter, while female brains have more white matter and superior connectivity. Functionally, males' brains are more lateralized while females' use both hemispheres. Biochemically, levels of neurotransmitters like serotonin differ between sexes. These anatomical, functional and biochemical differences have implications for conditions like psychiatric disorders, where susceptibility differs for males and females. Understanding brain sex differences is important for diagnosis and treatment.
1. Significant differences exist in brain structure and function between men and women, such as women having on average 11% more neurons and a larger corpus callosum connecting the brain's hemispheres.
2. Exposure to sex hormones like testosterone during fetal and early life development has organizational effects that permanently alter brain wiring and lead to differences in cognitive abilities between men and women on average.
3. Studies using brain imaging techniques have found some cognitive tasks like spatial navigation activate different brain regions in men and women, and men on average tend to excel at spatial and mathematics tasks while women on average excel at verbal memory and fluency tasks.
The document outlines biological, social, and cognitive influences on gender development from childhood through adolescence. It discusses how sex hormones, social roles, parenting styles, and cognitive gender schemas shape whether children exhibit more masculine or feminine traits based on their culture's expectations. While some average differences exist between males and females, there is also considerable overlap, and both biological and sociocultural factors contribute to outcomes. Gender stereotyping increases in early childhood but declines again by late adolescence.
This research paper examines gender differences in the Big Five personality dimensions of Openness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, and Neuroticism. A sample of 28 university students completed the Big Five Inventory. Results found no significant gender differences in Openness and Neuroticism, but found women scored higher than men in Conscientiousness, Extraversion, and Agreeableness. The paper concludes there are small but significant gender-based differences in some personality traits.
Gender role stereotyping occurs when a person is expected to behave in a certain way based on their sex. Gender is a social construct, and many societies expect males to behave masculinely and females to behave less masculinely. Stereotypes in schools can limit what students can learn by expecting certain behaviors from them based on gender. The male and female brains differ in areas like processing, chemistry, structure and activity levels. Gender stereotyping affects both men and women by influencing behaviors and judgments of those who conform and do not conform to stereotypical roles. Social theories like social role theory and role congruity theory help explain how expectations based on gender roles lead to stereotyping.
Write an essay of at least 900 words (3 pages) in which you disc.docxbriankimberly26463
Write an essay of at least 900 words (3 pages) in which you discuss one aspect of our border policy. Use and establish a representative example from
"Hole in the Fence"
,
"Hold the Line"
, or
"What Remains."
Use the techniques from
Writing Analytically
in order to generate your significant details from the text and your interpretation of them. Your approach should be analytical. A successful essay will establish a representative example from the text and examine the significance and implications of the idea/thesis that you are developing while making your thesis evolve. It is important to focus and go deeper on one aspect of example or topic.
Your essay should have the following requirements:
an analytical approach
a representative example from the reading that you are analyzing
an evolving thesis that results from examining complicating evidence
MLA format and citation of sources
Respond to the two drafts assigned to you later when I submit the essay.
I need to follow the peer review process, including instructions for providing feedback to other two drafts.
I'm in USA currently so USA border policy will work.
I think we can use examples from those three podcasts or any other resources.
It is essential to cite and connect the essay.
I can send you the previous work if you want to see it as a reference.
Since we were young, we are engulfed by sex lore. It is still in dialogue, laughter, and confrontation, and everything from driving types to food tastes must be clarified. Sex is so deeply incorporated into our structures, behavior, values, and expectations that it seems inherently familiar to us. The environment has several theories about gender – and these concepts are so prevalent that we take it for granted that they are valid. As analysts, scientists, and historians, though, it is our task not only to discover the facts behind it but also to glance over what seems to be a common cause. Just since gender appears to be expected, and gender values tend to be simple realities, we ought to step back and look at gender from a different viewpoint. To achieve this, we need to interrupt our routines, which is comfortable and to challenge sure of our core convictions. This is not simple because gender is so fundamental to our view of ourselves and the universe that it's hard to reverse and reverse.Look at things in a different light. However, the idea that the analysis of gender is apparent renders it fascinating precisely. Gender appears obviously, it brings the task of uncovering the building mechanism that causes what we have always believed to be expected and unforgivable to explore sex, not as a predetermined object, but as an achievement (Gumperz, 2012).
The mass media and the scholarly study on language and identity demonstrate the implications of not understanding this problem. As a consequence, individual gender bonds enhance and facilitate current convictions to achieve others (Jordan, 2010). Biological variati.
The document discusses several key physical and psychological differences between men and women. It notes that men and women process and perceive information differently due to differences in brain structure and wiring. Some of the main differences highlighted include: men having thicker retinas tuned to movement detection while women have thinner retinas tuned to color and texture; male infants showing a preference for moving objects while female infants prefer faces; and males tending to use physical aggression while females favor verbal aggression. The document argues these differences evolved to support traditional gender roles in survival and childrearing.
Gender dysphoria refers to a mismatch between one's biological sex and gender identity. It can be explained through both biological and psychological perspectives. Biologically, prenatal hormone levels may influence brain development in a way that is inconsistent with one's sex. Studies have found some brain structures in transgender individuals resemble their identified gender rather than biological sex. However, it is difficult to separate the influences of nature and nurture on gender development. Psychologically, psychoanalytic theories propose gender dysphoria results from problems in gender identity formation. Attachment issues and conditioning may also play a role, though evidence is mixed. Most researchers agree the condition likely stems from complex interactions between biological, psychological, social, and environmental factors.
Men and women's brains are different in several key ways. Studies have found differences in size, cell count, and density between male and female brains. For example, men typically have larger but less densely packed brains while women have more white matter. Research also shows differences in which brain regions are larger between genders and how information is processed. These anatomical and physiological differences influence behaviors, skills, and susceptibility to certain disorders between men and women.
The document discusses gender differences in brain anatomy and neurochemistry during adolescence and how they impact learning. It notes that girls' brains undergo pruning of gray matter about two years earlier than boys. Additionally, girls have more serotonin and stronger temporal lobe connections while boys have more dopamine and blood flow to the cerebellum. These biological differences influence characteristics like girls preferring fiction and needing encouragement while boys prefer non-fiction and reality checks. The document provides suggestions for teachers to accommodate these differences in their classrooms and encourage learning in both genders.
Men and women's brains are structured differently. The male brain is typically larger and has more gray matter in areas related to problem-solving and decision-making. The female brain has more white matter and neurons, and regions linked to emotions are larger. These differences may contribute to women scoring higher than men on empathy tests and men scoring higher on tests of systemizing abilities, as shown in a survey of 4 men and 4 women ages 25-55.
This document discusses research on the origins and development of homosexuality. It summarizes several theories on biological, genetic, hormonal, and environmental factors that may influence sexual orientation, including the prenatal hormonal hypothesis. It also discusses how social and cultural views of homosexuality have changed over time, as it was removed as a psychiatric disorder in 1973. The document emphasizes that both biological and social factors likely play a role in sexual orientation development.
The document discusses the biological approach to gender development. It describes how biological factors like genes, hormones and brain differences influence whether a fetus develops as male or female. During development, testosterone exposure affects the formation of sex organs and later impacts behaviors by changing the brain. Studies on animals, intersex individuals and hormone correlations in humans provide some evidence linking biology to gendered behaviors, though methods have limitations. The complexity of influences on gender is exemplified by cases like Caster Semenya.
Creating effective learning environmentAssignment How Will .docxvanesaburnand
Creating effective learning environment
Assignment: How Will You Respond? Grade k-3
Imagine you are the grade level team leader and one of your colleagues is Mr. Willard.
Response to the following questions. Using APA style helpful reference or other reference. (150-300 words)
1. Explains the advice you would provide Mr. Willard using the response to behavior strategies you read about this week or other reference?
2. Three strategies he could implement when these behaviors occur with student is blurting out and being off task.
3. At least two strategies you feel would not be best for handling student behavior.
Helpful Reference
Long, N. J. (2015). Perspectives on conflict in the classroom after fifty years. Reclaiming Children & Youth, 24(1), 9–14.
Szwed, K., & Bouck, E. C. (2013). Clicking away: Repurposing student response systems to lessen off-task behavior. Journal of Special Education Technology, 28(2), 1–12.
Reinke, W. M., Herman, K. C., & Stormont, M. (2013). Classroom-level positive behavior supports in schools implementing SW-PBIS: Identifying areas for enhancement. Journal of Positive Behavior Interventions, 15(1), 39–50.
Chapter 5
Gender and Gender Roles
Sex, Gender, and Gender RolesSex: whether one is biologically female, male, or intersexGenetic sex: chromosomal and hormonal sex characteristicsAnatomical sex: our physical sex; gonads, uterus, vulva, vagina, or penisGender: social and cultural characteristics associated with being male or femaleGender identity: gender one believes self to be
2
Sex and Gender IdentityAssigned genderBased on anatomical appearanceGender variationsGender identityInternalized feeling of femaleness or malenessGender roleThe attitudes, behaviors, rights, and responsibilities that society associates with each sexInfluenced by culture, age, ethnicity, other factors
3
Gender-RolesGender-role stereotype: A rigidly-held oversimplified belief concerning all males or all femalesGender-role attitude:The belief one has for self and others concerning what’s appropriate for male or female traitsGender-role behavior:Activities or behaviors a person engages in as a female or male
4
Masculinity and FemininitySexes seen as polar opposites in traditional Western view, e.g. “opposite sex”Different qualities associated with different gendersSexismSome qualities are biologically based, some culturally based
Gender and Sexual OrientationGender, gender identity, and gender role are conceptually independent of sexual orientationHowever, many assume they are closely relatedHeterosexuality has been assumed to be part of masculinity and femininityTherefore, some believe that gay men can’t be masculine and lesbian women can’t be feminine.
Gender and Sexual OrientationStudies show a link between individuals’Negative attitudes towards gay and lesbian peopleAnd those individuals’ adherence to traditional gender roles
Gender TheoryWhat is our relationship between our biological sex as male o.
This document discusses several biological differences between men and women. It notes that women tend to be more empathetic communicators focused on finding group solutions, while men are more task-oriented. Women process information across both sides of the brain and are more aware of feelings. Their brains also age more slowly than men's. Men have better spatial abilities and are physically stronger, while women have better hearing, distinguish colors more easily, and have stronger immune systems. Overall, the document outlines cognitive and biological traits that on average differ between genders.
This document provides a summary of chapter ten from a lecture on gender and sexuality. It covers definitions of key terms like sex, gender, gender roles and identity. It discusses gender stereotypes and differences in personality, cognition, attitudes and behaviors between men and women. It also examines topics like sexual orientation, paraphilias, sexual dysfunction and relationships in older age. The chapter aims to define and explore various aspects of gender and human sexuality.
Intelligence battles between males and femalesjacklynkahafer
This document discusses research on differences in intelligence between males and females. It notes that while males were traditionally viewed as smarter, studies show no significant difference. Males and females exhibit strengths in different types of intelligence. The document also explores differences in male and female brain structure and function. Research shows language processing is more bilateral in females, while males show earlier maturation in areas related to math and geometry. Connections in the male brain tend to be within hemispheres, while female connections span both sides. These differences may influence relative skills between the sexes. Overall, the document examines a variety of studies on intelligence comparisons and brain differences between males and females.
1. KMF 1014 Introduction to Cognitive
Science
Assignment 2: Brain Sex Experiment
Difference Between The Male and Female
Brain
Prepared by: Group 5
Alfred Voon Khai Woon 55604 Kristin Shim Siok Lim
56334
Bong Pui Chee 55605 Tay Liang Howe
2. Summary of Baron Cohen Article
• In today’s society, people enjoy great academic freedom discussing
about the field of sex difference in psychology.
• Empathizing-systemizing theory, a new theory, claims that the female
brain is more to empathy while male brain is more to understanding
and building systems.
• The empathizer knows how people are feeling and treat people with
care and sensitivity whereas systemizer discover how things work and
the mechanism in controlling a system.
Introduction
3. Summary of Baron Cohen Article
• There are 3 types of Common Brain:
Type E
• Empathizing is stronger than systemizing
• More females have this profile
Type S
• Depicts that systemizing is stronger than empathizing.
• More males have this profile
Type B
• Illustrate that people are equally strong in their systemizing and empathizing
Introduction
4. Summary of Baron Cohen Article
• Males are fond in construction systems which require high
systemizing
• This affects the options of males in choosing professions
• Males show more ‘direct’ aggression
• A male newcomer would probably hijack the game by trying
change it and seek everyone’s attention
• Boys often just ignore the newcomers.
• Males have better spatial intelligence than females
• A Cambridge study found that at one year old, boys prefer to
watch a film of cars than person’s face
Male
Male VS. Female
5. Summary of Baron Cohen Article
• Interested in enacting social and emotional themes
• Usually more sensitive to others
• Women are more empathy than men
• More conscience to facial expressions
• better at decoding non-verbal communication and judging character
• In contrast, females show more ‘indirect’ aggression
• A female newcomer would first observe and then try to fit in the activity
• Girls are usually better hosts
• They pay more attention to newcomers
• Girls look at a face with a longer time by the study from Cambridge
university shoes that at birth.
Female
Male VS. Female
6. • Prone to ‘ramming’ game
• Show more ‘direct’ aggression
• Would probably hijack the game
by trying change it and seek
everyone’s attention
• Often ignore the newcomers.
• Boys look at suspended
mechanical with a longer time.
• Fond in construction systems
which require high systemizing
• Have better spatial intelligence
Male
• Interested in enacting social and
emotional themes
• Show more ‘indirect’ aggression
• Would first observe and then try to
fit in the activity
• Pay more attention to newcomers
• Girls look at a face with a longer
time
• Usually more sensitive to others
• More empathy
Female
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN MALE AND FEMALE
7. Summary of Baron Cohen ArticleBiological Aspect
• Boys born synthetic female hormone are
likely to show female characteristics.
• Male babies born with small testes normally
have low levels of testosterone.
• They are worse at spatial aspects of
systemizing.
• Babies with high levels of androgens
normally have enhanced spatial systemizing.
• The E-S theory helps us explain why
individuals are typical or atypical for their
sex.
• Earlier studies of psychological sex
differences have focused on spatial ability,
mathematical ability and verbal ability.
8. Summary of Baron Cohen ArticleBiological Aspect
• Males perform better in the first two area
and females perform better at the last
area.
• Spatial and mathematical abilities involve
systemizing which fit for the E-S theory.
• However, verbal ability may have no
association with empathy.
• Nevertheless, good empathizing and
good verbal sills both facilitate
communication, so that verbal and
empathy skills may have relations.
9. Summary of Annals Of Neuroscience
Gender Cognitive Functions
• Cognition Includes…
Attention
Learning
Memory
Verbal Ability
Visuospatial Function
Executive function
There is paucity of the data related to
cognitive function amongst healthy
adolescent age group which limits our
ability to distinguish and compare
cognitive changes that occur across the
adult lifespan in female and male
subjects separately and can provide some
help to understand dementia related
conditions
10. Summary of Annals Of Neuroscience
Gender Cognitive Functions
• Study was carried out in the department of Physiology, SGRRIM&HS, Dehradun
200 mentally and physically healthy volunteers of both sexes of 17–19 years
after getting permission from the institutional ethical committee for the
study.
Montreal Cognition Assessment Test (MOCA), 2 a 10 min: 30-points test, was
undertaken to score cognitive abilities on 7 subtests:
Visuo-spatial Skills
Language
Memory
Attention
Mathematical
ability
Abstraction
Orientation
11. Summary of Annals Of Neuroscience
Gender Cognitive Functions
• Difference in overall level of cognition amongst the two sexes was
not found in the studies of Kimura D, Herlitz A, Halpern DF, Downing
K & Voyer E
Proclaim that most of the standard tests shaped to avoid gender
bias
almost all of these gender based studies quote differences in
the various components of cognitive abilities.
• Out of 7 subsets of Cognition test, obtained higher scores in 4
subtests in female subjects, 2 equal scores and 1 higher score in
male subjects thus obviously raising the overall score in female
subjects
12. Summary of Annals Of Neuroscience
Gender Cognitive Functions
• Estrogen have an inhibitory influence on visuospatial skills.
Can be explained on the basis of changing trend of the technologies, indulgence
and predilection of females since childhood.
• Men with higher levels of endogenous testosterone
were expected to perform better than men with lower
levels and postulated to be linked to the presence of
receptors in the certain brain areas.
• But some investigators mentioned non-significant
association to androgens.
It appears that early prenatal presence of
androgens may organize the male brain to enhance
certain spatial functions.
13. Summary of Annals Of Neuroscience
Gender Cognitive Functions
• Higher level of testosterone can affecting the spatial ability by
the results of studies on females
• Congenital adrenal hyperplasia showing better visuospatial
skills
• Females excelled visuospatial skills, language, memory, attention
subtests for cognition and statistically significant results were
found for visuospatial skills and memory.
• Earlier studies have revealed that men performed higher level on
most visuospatial tasks than women and these were correlated
to the influence of sex hormone levels (testosterone).
14. Summary of Annals Of Neuroscience
Gender Cognitive Functions
• Inferior performance of these patients in tasks that imply
attention and memory, prone to improvement with the
administration of estrogens.
• In neuroimaging studies during neuropsychological task
performance in temporal and parietal cortical areas in young and
postmenopausal women:
• Receiving estrogen treatment, greater activation, increased
blood perfusion and glucose metabolism in certain brain
regions related with memory and other cognitive functions
have been found.
• The results can still not be regarded conclusive due to the
reduced number of studies and the differences in methods used.
15. Summary of Annals Of Neuroscience
Gender Cognitive Functions
• This study provides preliminary data to show that:
• Men are not intellectually superior to women in
visuospatial skills
• The handling of computers, driving, participation
in outdoor activities since early childhood and
rising education and job opportunities for girls
have brought drastic advances in the skills.
• These results can further be highlighted in view of
the educational status of the subjects (medical
students) of the present study representing changes
in lifestyles.
16. Summary of Scientific American Sex
Differences In The Brain
• Men and women differ in many characteristics
Including the way they solve intellectual
problems.
• The behavioural differences are minimal and are the
consequences of variations in experience during
development before and after adolescence.
• Males are more aggressive than
females
• engage in more rough-and-tumble
play than females
17. Summary of Scientific American Sex
Differences In The Brain
• Hypothalamus
The area in the brain that regulates female
and male reproductive behaviour.
Tiny structure at the base of the brain
connects to the pituitary, the master
endocrine gland.
Visibly larger in male rats than in females
and size difference is under hormonal
control.
18. Summary of Scientific American Sex
Differences In The Brain
• Sex differences in problem solving have
been systematically studied in adults in
laboratory situations.
• Men perform well at certain spatial tasks.
• Men are good in imagining rotating
an object or manipulating it in some
other way, mathematical reasoning
tests and in navigating their way
through a route.
• Men exhibit more accuracy in tests of
target-directed motor skills, which is
in guiding or intercepting projectiles.
Doreen (2002)
19. Summary of Scientific American Sex
Differences In The Brain
• Women excel on tests that
measure recall of words and
identifying matching items and
performing certain precision
manual tasks.
• It is important to keep in mind that
some of the average sex
differences in cognition vary from
slight to quite large and that men
and women overlap enormously
on many cognitive tests that show
average differences
• Functions such as basic speech and
spatial ability, there are no major sex
differences in hemispheric asymmetry,
Although there may be such
disparities in certain more abstract
abilities, such as defining words
20. Summary of Scientific American Sex
Differences In The Brain
• Hemisphere damage have a more devastating
effect on spatial performance in men
• Known overall differences between men
and women in spatial ability were related
to differing dependence on the right brain
hemisphere.
• A long history of studying people indicates that
the left hemisphere of the brain is critical for
speech and the right for perceptual and spatial
functions.
21. Summary of Scientific American Sex
Differences In The Brain
• Researchers have widely assumed that the
right and left hemispheres of the brain are
more asymmetrically organized for speech and
spatial functions in men than in women.
• Perceptual techniques that measure brain
asymmetry in normal-functioning people
sometimes show smaller asymmetries in
women than in men
• Damage to one brain hemisphere
sometimes has less of an effect in women
than the comparable injury in men does.
22. Video: Secret of
Sexes
• To investigate the secret of sexes:
A group of volunteers has been selected from variant of
background.
The volunteers consist of five men and five women,
they has been informed earlier that every action will be
recorded.
• An actor will pretended to be ordinary driver and fetch the
volunteers to the test destination:
Inside the vehicle there is a hidden camera that will
recorded every conservation they have, after they
reached the destination they been asked to recall what
they remember during the conversation in the vehicle
What is the Video About?
23. Video: Secret of
Sexes
• Their first task is to complete the BBC online sex
survey, they will be tested from everything to
languages, love, geometry and greed.
• Second, they have been separated according to
gender into a room with a television showing a
news, broadcasted by one male and one female
newscaster.
• After the news ended, they were asked to recall
what they remember
What is the Video About?
24. Video: Secret of
Sexes
• Women claimed that they are emotional, friendly,
caring, sensitive and understanding.
• In order to test women are really caring, a social
experiment has been conducted, an 8 years old actress
will be “abandoned” in the London Street, to observe
what is the pedestrians reaction.
• At the end of experiment, there is 41 women and only 2
men stopped by and willing to help the “abandoned
child”.
What is the Video About?
25. Video: Secret of
Sexes
• Among all the volunteers, there is one husband and wife,
they are Craig and Liz. Recently, they having quarrel
because Craig seem to be cannot understand what Liz
want, in other word, they having communicating failure.
• The BBC team asked a neuroscientist, Professor Ruben to
help to scan their brain using Magnetic Resonance Imaging
(MRI).
• The scan showed that Liz has activation and Craig does not
have activation on the emotional part of the brain. This
result surprised them that this is the reason why Craig
most of the time cannot handle Liz’s emotional that leads
them to communicating failure.
What is the Video About?
26. Video: Secret of
Sexes
• Next test is they all given a headset and to ask to listen
some makeup words
• Both side of headset has different words play in the
same time.
• Men can listen one word on right side clearly but not
both while women can listen to both words at the same
time.
• The results of the test is that men use only right brain to
listen meanwhile women will use both side of brain for
listening
What is the Video About?
27. Video: Secret of
Sexes
• After that, they were asked to participate in a Go-Kart
racing competition and to test their testosterone
changed throughout the race.
• During the competition, the testosterone level of men
increase dramatically but women have zero increase of
testosterone, this can be explained that men like
competition and dare to take risk compared to women.
One of the competitor,
• Lloyd, has higher increase of testosterone level among
others but this leads him to makes more mistakes thus
he lost the race.
What is the Video About?
28. Video: Secret of
Sexes
• Professor John Manning want to further confirmed his
proposal.
• He then scan the volunteers finger and see whether
does the volunteers’ testosterone level fit their gender,
there is one exception.
• A woman named called Grace has similar level of
testosterone with men, so the professor ask them all to
involve in a challenge and again, predict who will
outstanding others.
• Within professor’s expectation, Grace performed the
best among all the women.
What is the Video About?
29. Video: Secret of
Sexes
• Lastly, volunteers been asked to change the diaper of a
baby, to observe their child care skills according to gender.
• The women do the task very well but men struggling how
to change the diaper, Craig who has super male brain
struggled the most.
• At the end, all women pick up the baby after diaper
changed, in contrast, most men just step away after they
are done except Craig.
• This can be explained by that he knew he cannot handle
the task well, so he try to work harder, in order for him to
do that, he knew that he need to have connection with
baby.
What is the Video About?
30. Video: Secret of
Sexes
• During the conversation with the cab driver, men
and women remember different thing on what they
heard and see.
• Men remembered mostly about objects and
surroundings while women remembered mostly
about emotion facts and people.
• For the experiment about news broadcasting, men
can remember some news of male broadcaster said
but none from female broadcaster because they put
their focus mainly on the appearance of female
broadcaster instead of listening on what she said.
What does it say about males and
females?
31. Video: Secret of
Sexes
• Women are emotional, friendly, caring, sensitive
and understanding. This can be explained by
“abandoned child” social experiment where 41
women willing to help the child instead of men
where only 2 stopped by.
• Another test is headset playing both different words
at the same time, the results is that men tend to use
only right brain to listen meanwhile women use
both side of brain for listening.
What does it say about males and
females?
32. Video: Secret of
Sexes
• Male foetus in 8th week will started to produce great
amount of testosterone. Different gender of baby shows
different behaviour at the early age, girls will like to and
interested in looking at human face while boys look at
everything, this can be explained that girls like people
and boys like things.
• In week 16th, the testosterone level already able to
show that it is related to eye contact on what they see,
social relationship they have, interests, and how fast
they learn to talk.
• According to study, male is better in visual skills while
female better in emotional skills but that is not an
accurate study because level of testosterone will effects
the outcome.
What does it say about males and
females?
33. Name
Question
Alfred Voon Bong Pui Chee Ngui Chun Cheah Kristin Shim Tay Liang Howe Ten Soon Yuan
Gender Male Female Male Female Male Male
Handedness Right Right Right Right Right Right
Answer of Questionnaire
1 Yes Yes Yes Yes No No
2 No Yes Yes No Yes Yes
3 No No No No No No
4 No No Yes No No Yes
5 No Yes Yes No Yes Yes
6 No No No No Yes No
7 Yes No No Yes Yes No
8 Yes No Yes No No Yes
9 Yes No Yes Yes No No
10 No Yes Yes No No Yes
11 No No Yes No No Yes
12 Yes Yes No No Yes Yes
13 No Yes Yes Yes No Yes
14 No No Yes No No Yes
15 No Yes No Yes Yes Yes
16 Yes No No Yes No Yes
17 Yes Yes Yes No No Yes
18 Yes Yes Yes No Yes No
19 Yes No Yes Yes No Yes
20 No No Yes No No No
Total Score 9 9 7 11 8 7
34. Questionnaire: Short
Commentary
From the result we have obtained:
• Our male group members:
Alfred Voon, Ngui Chun Cheah, Tay Liang Howe
and Ten Soon Yuan
All of them found to have “male” brain which
based on the brain sex test.
They obtained the score around 7 to 9 in the brain
sex test and it was meant to have a “male” brain.
Alfred Voon
Ngui Chun Cheah
Ten Soon Yuan
Tay Liang Howe
35. Questionnaire: Short
Commentary
From the result we have obtained:
• Our female group members:
• Kristin Shim and Bong Pui Chee
• The result of Bong Hui Chee is very impressive to us. She had
found to have a “male” brain instead of having a “female brain”.
She scored the mark of 9 in the brain sex test and it was mean to
have a “male” brain.
• For Kristin Sim, she obtained the score of 11 marks in the brain sex
test, and she was found to have a “female” brain.
Kristin Shim
Bong Pui Chee
In conclusion, we can conclude that gender does not describe how the brain
function. Even though, you are a female, you might have a “male” brain and
boy attitudes.
36. References
Baron-Cohen, S. (2003) The essential difference: Men, women and the extreme
male brain. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Kimura, D. (2002, May 13). Right hemisphere damage. [Digital image]. Retrieved
from https://www2.nau.edu/~bio372-c/class/behavior/sexdif1.htm
Kimura, D. (2002). Sex differences in the brain. Retrieved from
https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/sex-differences-in-the-brain-2002-
04/
Mittal, S., Verma, P., Jain, N., Khatter, S., & Juyal, A. (2012). Gender based variation
in cognitive functions in adolescent subjects. Annals of neuroscience, 19(4),
165-168.
37. NAME MATRIC NUMBER
ALFRED VOON KHAI WOON 55404
BONG PUI CHEE 55605
NGUI CHUN CHEAH 56947
KRISITN SHIM SIOK LIN 56334
TAY LIANG HOWE 58108
TEN SOON YUAN 58123
Prepared by: Group 5