This document summarizes a hydro-economic model of the São Francisco River Basin in Brazil. The model assesses links between agriculture and water availability at the basin scale. It consists of a hydrology model integrated with an economic model of agriculture. The models operate at a monthly temporal resolution and município spatial resolution. A policy experiment is described that applies water use guidelines and simulates a sugarcane price shock to predict impacts on cropping patterns, water use, employment, income, and water availability. Simulation results show shifts to more sugarcane production and increased profits but limited employment growth under a price increase scenario.
This document summarizes a study that used multi-scale hydro-economic models to assess the effects of alternative water policies and conditions in the São Francisco River Basin in Brazil. The models were used at the plot, sub-catchment, and basin levels to understand farmer behavior, predict outcomes of proposed policies, and inform policymaking. The models linked hydrologic models with economic models of agriculture to analyze impacts on cropping patterns, income, employment, water use and availability under different scenarios. Scenarios examined included drought years, implementation of water guidelines, and increases in sugarcane prices. The basin-wide model predicted changes across the basin in available water, agricultural land use, rural employment, profits and other factors.
1) The study mapped water productivity in the Karkheh River Basin in Iran using remote sensing data and secondary data to identify opportunities for improving agricultural production.
2) The analysis found large variations in land and water productivity within and between sub-basins, indicating scope for improving farm-scale productivity through better irrigation, fertilizer use, and supplemental irrigation for rainfed areas.
3) Certain sub-basins in the upper and lower parts of the basin had higher water productivity that could help guide interventions, while including livestock more accurately portrayed basin productivity.
Climate Change and Groundwater Governance in Gujarat, India: IWRM in Practice...Global Water Partnership
Gujarat, India implemented integrated water resource management practices over the past decade to address groundwater depletion and related issues. [1] A mass groundwater recharge program in the 1990s helped stabilize declining groundwater levels. [2] Reforming agricultural electricity subsidies in the 2000s halved costs while improving water and power supplies. [3] Creative solutions were also piloted to address public health issues from fluoride in groundwater, showing IWRM can find workable solutions.
This document discusses using watershed and field-scale models to identify best management practices (BMPs) to reduce nutrient and sediment loads. Watershed models like SWAT can identify critical source areas and test BMP scenarios, but field-level factors mean BMPs must be verified at that scale. Models like APEX and the Nutrient Tracking Tool were used to simulate multi-field BMP scenarios in the Maumee River watershed. Results showed that no single BMP met nutrient reduction targets, widespread adoption is needed, and field-specific implementation is important given differences in soil and management practices. Field-scale modeling can help guide BMP identification and placement.
This ppt is helpful to decide the site of rainwater harvesting structures to replenish the scarcity of water as well as to recharge the groundwater strata
> Present and future status of water and population
> Advantages of RWHs
> Design criteria for RWHs
> Case study on the field and off-field (Remote sensing)
> Cost comparison of a few structures
> NGOs working on GWHs
> Important Web-links
Is it possible to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions from agricultural soil by...ExternalEvents
This presentation was presented during the 2 Parallel session on Theme 3.2, Managing SOC in: Grasslands and livestock production systems, of the Global Symposium on Soil Organic Carbon that took place in Rome 21-23 March 2017. The presentation was made by Mr. Cornelia Rumpel, from CNRS – INRA – ENS - France, in FAO Hq, Rome
The document discusses low impact development techniques and modeling tools for analyzing their effectiveness. It provides examples of modeling different development scenarios using tools like SWMM, SLAMM, and the Prince George's County BMP model. Case studies include a suburban commercial site and metro west mixed-use development. The modeling compares runoff and pollutant loads from developments with and without LID controls like bioretention, permeable pavement, and green roofs.
1. The Karkheh Basin Focal Project took a multi-disciplinary approach to understand water availability, productivity, poverty, and institutions in the basin.
2. Key findings included groundwater overdraft, high variability in evapotranspiration, the need to incorporate flow variability in planning, and substantial room for increasing water productivity.
3. Recommendations focused on improving rainfed and irrigated practices, targeting irrigation, exploring additional water sources, and shifting from low-value grain to higher-value crops and uses over the long term.
This document summarizes a study that used multi-scale hydro-economic models to assess the effects of alternative water policies and conditions in the São Francisco River Basin in Brazil. The models were used at the plot, sub-catchment, and basin levels to understand farmer behavior, predict outcomes of proposed policies, and inform policymaking. The models linked hydrologic models with economic models of agriculture to analyze impacts on cropping patterns, income, employment, water use and availability under different scenarios. Scenarios examined included drought years, implementation of water guidelines, and increases in sugarcane prices. The basin-wide model predicted changes across the basin in available water, agricultural land use, rural employment, profits and other factors.
1) The study mapped water productivity in the Karkheh River Basin in Iran using remote sensing data and secondary data to identify opportunities for improving agricultural production.
2) The analysis found large variations in land and water productivity within and between sub-basins, indicating scope for improving farm-scale productivity through better irrigation, fertilizer use, and supplemental irrigation for rainfed areas.
3) Certain sub-basins in the upper and lower parts of the basin had higher water productivity that could help guide interventions, while including livestock more accurately portrayed basin productivity.
Climate Change and Groundwater Governance in Gujarat, India: IWRM in Practice...Global Water Partnership
Gujarat, India implemented integrated water resource management practices over the past decade to address groundwater depletion and related issues. [1] A mass groundwater recharge program in the 1990s helped stabilize declining groundwater levels. [2] Reforming agricultural electricity subsidies in the 2000s halved costs while improving water and power supplies. [3] Creative solutions were also piloted to address public health issues from fluoride in groundwater, showing IWRM can find workable solutions.
This document discusses using watershed and field-scale models to identify best management practices (BMPs) to reduce nutrient and sediment loads. Watershed models like SWAT can identify critical source areas and test BMP scenarios, but field-level factors mean BMPs must be verified at that scale. Models like APEX and the Nutrient Tracking Tool were used to simulate multi-field BMP scenarios in the Maumee River watershed. Results showed that no single BMP met nutrient reduction targets, widespread adoption is needed, and field-specific implementation is important given differences in soil and management practices. Field-scale modeling can help guide BMP identification and placement.
This ppt is helpful to decide the site of rainwater harvesting structures to replenish the scarcity of water as well as to recharge the groundwater strata
> Present and future status of water and population
> Advantages of RWHs
> Design criteria for RWHs
> Case study on the field and off-field (Remote sensing)
> Cost comparison of a few structures
> NGOs working on GWHs
> Important Web-links
Is it possible to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions from agricultural soil by...ExternalEvents
This presentation was presented during the 2 Parallel session on Theme 3.2, Managing SOC in: Grasslands and livestock production systems, of the Global Symposium on Soil Organic Carbon that took place in Rome 21-23 March 2017. The presentation was made by Mr. Cornelia Rumpel, from CNRS – INRA – ENS - France, in FAO Hq, Rome
The document discusses low impact development techniques and modeling tools for analyzing their effectiveness. It provides examples of modeling different development scenarios using tools like SWMM, SLAMM, and the Prince George's County BMP model. Case studies include a suburban commercial site and metro west mixed-use development. The modeling compares runoff and pollutant loads from developments with and without LID controls like bioretention, permeable pavement, and green roofs.
1. The Karkheh Basin Focal Project took a multi-disciplinary approach to understand water availability, productivity, poverty, and institutions in the basin.
2. Key findings included groundwater overdraft, high variability in evapotranspiration, the need to incorporate flow variability in planning, and substantial room for increasing water productivity.
3. Recommendations focused on improving rainfed and irrigated practices, targeting irrigation, exploring additional water sources, and shifting from low-value grain to higher-value crops and uses over the long term.
ICBA-IAEA - Training on water management and use of crop simulation model- ri...ICBA - ag4tomorrow
This document discusses concepts of water productivity for irrigated saline lands, including crop water productivity, economic water productivity, and irrigation efficiency. It provides examples of calculating reference evapotranspiration using the FAO 56 Penman-Monteith method. Soil water balance concepts are explained, showing water fluxes in irrigated fields and implications for salt accumulation. Measurements from lysimeters and soil water sensors are presented. The document outlines calculating crop water requirements and implications for water demand.
Modelling Water & Salinity in the Kulin CatchmentGraeme Cox
Presentation on Modelling Water & Salinity in the Kulin Catchment using MIKE SHE by Dr Graeme Cox at the Kulin Community Consultation Meeting 6-7 April 2009
Agricultural water interventions for sustainable intensification – upstream d...SIANI
This talk presented two sister projects in Ethiopia and India. In both case studies the SWAT model was used to analyze how scenarios of upstream water harvesting and nutrient application interventions impact downstream water availability.
The case study in Ethiopia shows that crop yields significantly increase with water harvesting and nutrient applications. By only implementing water harvesting yield scenarios show an increase by 65 % and by adding nutrient applications yields improved by up to 200 %. Water productivity also increases with water harvesting and application of nutrients. However, there is upstream-downstream water availability trade-offs that need to be take into account. More at www.siani.se
http://www.ohm-advisors.com: Stormwater Best Management Practices (BMP) are rapidly evolving and gaining significant popularity as a method to fight non-point source pollution. Knowing where to place BMPs in the ground to effectively treat stormwater can be tricky. However, with the use of GIS, you can review several environmental variables such as BMP location, size, and mitigated runoff volume. By analyzing orthoimagery, DEMs, existing infrastructure, soils, and right-of-way, users within organizations can more efficiently and effectively plan and optimize their BMPs.
Often BMP placement is often determined on a site-by-site basis. Using GIS and existing spatial datasets allow users to evaluate many sites and perform large scale planning efforts to get the most out of each BMP location. Effective planning at the local or watershed scale will make it easier to prioritize BMPs.
In this presentation, GIS analyst and Environmental Planner, Scott Kaiser, GISP, CFM, discusses the methods used to plan and choose stormwater BMPs with GIS.
Scott Kaiser is a green stormwater guru. A GIS Analyst and Environmental Planner with OHM: http:www.ohm-advisors.com, Scott has more than eight years experience in GIS, focusing on water protection.
This study compared the water use and water use efficiency of maize, sorghum, and soybean in two years in Nebraska. In 2009, maize used 14.5 inches of water, soybean used 14 inches, and sorghum used 13.7 inches. In 2010, maize used 23.3 inches, soybean used 22 inches, and sorghum used 21.3 inches. Crop water use efficiency was highest for sorghum in both years, at 5.6 bu/inch in 2009 and 5.5 bu/inch in 2010. Maize was most efficient in the drier year of 2009 at 6.7 bu/inch, while sorghum showed the most consistent efficiency between
The document discusses the Water Erosion Prediction Project (WEPP) model, which is a process-based erosion prediction tool that simulates soil erosion on hillslopes and in small watersheds. It describes WEPP's capabilities like continuous daily simulation of hydrology, erosion, and sediment delivery processes. Recent updates to WEPP include additions like automated yield calibration, multiple residue management operations, and improved contour simulation. Current development focuses on code testing, interface enhancement, and expanded databases.
This document discusses land use systems analysis for agriculture in Brazil's São Francisco River Basin. It provides an overview of the project, including changes in agriculture from 1991 to 2004 with increased specialty crops. Land use systems under evaluation include small-scale goat/sheep production and mango production under flood and micro-sprinkler irrigation. The analysis estimates economic performance, labor requirements, water use, and productivity to assess and compare different land use systems.
The former quarries Rohrbach, Leimen and “farmers quarry” are very rich in species; however they are isolated from each other despite their spatial proximity. The quarries should be integrated with one another and integration should also take place in the surrounding landscape.
The NGO Heidelberger Biotopschutz e. V. (HBS) has been looking after nature conservation areas and spawning waters within the forest and in the open land districts all around the quarries for many years, and also the nature reserve at the Rohrbach quarry since the year 2000. It hence virtually suggested itself to network all the nature conservation areas, and also include the nature reserve at the Leimen quarry.
Bio-physical impact analysis of climate change with EPIC
Presented by Christine Heumesser at the AGRODEP Workshop on Analytical Tools for Climate Change Analysis
June 6-7, 2011 • Dakar, Senegal
For more information on the workshop or to see the latest version of this presentation visit: http://www.agrodep.org/first-annual-workshop
Manufacturer and Supplier of Chemical Pumps, Booster Pumps, Sewage Vaccum Pump, Well Point Pump, Jet Pumps, Self Primping Pumps, Monoblock Pumps, Dewatering Pumps, Submersible Pumps, Open Well Submersible Pumps.
Circulating Water Pump Overhauling Report (Capacity- 29,000 m3/hr)Shah Jalal
The pump suction is from river water to discharge to water boxes of steam condenser. It’s a vertical shaft, 2,100 discharge bore mixed flow pump. It’s driven by an 1650 KW vertically mounted motor with a rated full load rpm of 372. Rated flow rate of the pump is 29,000 m3/hr
STRUCTURAL DESIGN AND MANUFACTURING USING PENDULUM PRINCIPLE FOR BUCKET TYPE ...Pranita Thorat
Hand water pump with a pendulum is very simple solution for pumping water. The advantages of this invention compared to present hand pump solutions are less force to start the pump, elders and children can also operate it
2
without any fatigue, since maintaining the oscillation of the pendulum does not request any special training or dexterity. Pendulum pump can be used to supply water for human needs, fire extinguishing, irrigation and agriculture by disabled or handicapped persons as well as women in areas with less manpower, water supply and electricity, rural areas and undeveloped countries.
The document describes a pendulum-operated piston pump designed to alleviate the work required to pump water. The pump uses the oscillating motion of a pendulum connected to a two-armed lever to power the up-and-down motion of a piston inside a cylinder. With each swing of the pendulum, the lever moves the piston to pump water with minimal human effort. The pendulum's motion can be maintained by occasional finger movements, requiring less fatigue than traditional hand pumps. The device aims to create free energy through the difference between the work of oscillating forces on the lever and damping forces on the pendulum.
Griffin specializes in dewatering and groundwater control for challenging construction projects using techniques like wells, wellpoints, and relief wells to separate water from soil and control groundwater levels. Proper dewatering is important as it allows for safer and more efficient construction by improving soil properties and intercepting water, while improper dewatering can have consequences like unstable excavations and increased costs. The document then provides details on dewatering methods, considerations for selecting a system, and several case studies of Griffin's dewatering work on large infrastructure projects.
This document provides an overview of hydro power plant components and types. It discusses the three types of power houses: surface, semi-underground, and underground. Surface power houses have components on the surface but are limited by topography. Semi-underground power houses combine advantages of surface and underground. Underground power houses are located entirely inside mountains with access tunnels. The document also summarizes the main components of hydro power stations including dams/barrages, water conductor systems, and power houses as well as different types of hydro power projects.
This document provides an introduction and overview of dewatering methods used in construction projects. It discusses how the water table and groundwater conditions can impact foundations and excavations. Several key dewatering methods are described, including sumps, wells, well points, drainage galleries, and exclusion methods like ground freezing. Sumps involve pumping from perforated drums in a gravel-filled excavation and work best in fine-grained soils. Wells use large-diameter casings and pumps to dewater large areas to depth in permeable soils. Well points are smaller and more shallow but can effectively dewater coarse-grained soils through a vacuum system. Selection of the appropriate dewatering method depends on factors like soil type, excav
The document provides information on different types of intake structures used for collecting surface water. It discusses wet and dry intake towers, as well as submerged and exposed intakes. Trash racks are described as screens used to prevent debris from entering intake structures. Twin well river intake structures are also summarized, which typically include an inlet well, intake pipe, and jack well to lift water from the river to the treatment plant.
An integrated hydrologic-economic model can jointly represent river basin hydrology and economic systems. The model structure includes sub-models for hydrology, agriculture, industry, municipalities, and institutions. It uses an optimization approach to maximize total net water benefits across sectors. The model can help with strategic decision making by evaluating tradeoffs between off-stream and instream water uses under different policy and investment scenarios. However, it has limitations such as not being suitable for day-to-day river operations and not fully representing rainfed agriculture and poverty impacts.
ICBA-IAEA - Training on water management and use of crop simulation model- ri...ICBA - ag4tomorrow
This document discusses concepts of water productivity for irrigated saline lands, including crop water productivity, economic water productivity, and irrigation efficiency. It provides examples of calculating reference evapotranspiration using the FAO 56 Penman-Monteith method. Soil water balance concepts are explained, showing water fluxes in irrigated fields and implications for salt accumulation. Measurements from lysimeters and soil water sensors are presented. The document outlines calculating crop water requirements and implications for water demand.
Modelling Water & Salinity in the Kulin CatchmentGraeme Cox
Presentation on Modelling Water & Salinity in the Kulin Catchment using MIKE SHE by Dr Graeme Cox at the Kulin Community Consultation Meeting 6-7 April 2009
Agricultural water interventions for sustainable intensification – upstream d...SIANI
This talk presented two sister projects in Ethiopia and India. In both case studies the SWAT model was used to analyze how scenarios of upstream water harvesting and nutrient application interventions impact downstream water availability.
The case study in Ethiopia shows that crop yields significantly increase with water harvesting and nutrient applications. By only implementing water harvesting yield scenarios show an increase by 65 % and by adding nutrient applications yields improved by up to 200 %. Water productivity also increases with water harvesting and application of nutrients. However, there is upstream-downstream water availability trade-offs that need to be take into account. More at www.siani.se
http://www.ohm-advisors.com: Stormwater Best Management Practices (BMP) are rapidly evolving and gaining significant popularity as a method to fight non-point source pollution. Knowing where to place BMPs in the ground to effectively treat stormwater can be tricky. However, with the use of GIS, you can review several environmental variables such as BMP location, size, and mitigated runoff volume. By analyzing orthoimagery, DEMs, existing infrastructure, soils, and right-of-way, users within organizations can more efficiently and effectively plan and optimize their BMPs.
Often BMP placement is often determined on a site-by-site basis. Using GIS and existing spatial datasets allow users to evaluate many sites and perform large scale planning efforts to get the most out of each BMP location. Effective planning at the local or watershed scale will make it easier to prioritize BMPs.
In this presentation, GIS analyst and Environmental Planner, Scott Kaiser, GISP, CFM, discusses the methods used to plan and choose stormwater BMPs with GIS.
Scott Kaiser is a green stormwater guru. A GIS Analyst and Environmental Planner with OHM: http:www.ohm-advisors.com, Scott has more than eight years experience in GIS, focusing on water protection.
This study compared the water use and water use efficiency of maize, sorghum, and soybean in two years in Nebraska. In 2009, maize used 14.5 inches of water, soybean used 14 inches, and sorghum used 13.7 inches. In 2010, maize used 23.3 inches, soybean used 22 inches, and sorghum used 21.3 inches. Crop water use efficiency was highest for sorghum in both years, at 5.6 bu/inch in 2009 and 5.5 bu/inch in 2010. Maize was most efficient in the drier year of 2009 at 6.7 bu/inch, while sorghum showed the most consistent efficiency between
The document discusses the Water Erosion Prediction Project (WEPP) model, which is a process-based erosion prediction tool that simulates soil erosion on hillslopes and in small watersheds. It describes WEPP's capabilities like continuous daily simulation of hydrology, erosion, and sediment delivery processes. Recent updates to WEPP include additions like automated yield calibration, multiple residue management operations, and improved contour simulation. Current development focuses on code testing, interface enhancement, and expanded databases.
This document discusses land use systems analysis for agriculture in Brazil's São Francisco River Basin. It provides an overview of the project, including changes in agriculture from 1991 to 2004 with increased specialty crops. Land use systems under evaluation include small-scale goat/sheep production and mango production under flood and micro-sprinkler irrigation. The analysis estimates economic performance, labor requirements, water use, and productivity to assess and compare different land use systems.
The former quarries Rohrbach, Leimen and “farmers quarry” are very rich in species; however they are isolated from each other despite their spatial proximity. The quarries should be integrated with one another and integration should also take place in the surrounding landscape.
The NGO Heidelberger Biotopschutz e. V. (HBS) has been looking after nature conservation areas and spawning waters within the forest and in the open land districts all around the quarries for many years, and also the nature reserve at the Rohrbach quarry since the year 2000. It hence virtually suggested itself to network all the nature conservation areas, and also include the nature reserve at the Leimen quarry.
Bio-physical impact analysis of climate change with EPIC
Presented by Christine Heumesser at the AGRODEP Workshop on Analytical Tools for Climate Change Analysis
June 6-7, 2011 • Dakar, Senegal
For more information on the workshop or to see the latest version of this presentation visit: http://www.agrodep.org/first-annual-workshop
Manufacturer and Supplier of Chemical Pumps, Booster Pumps, Sewage Vaccum Pump, Well Point Pump, Jet Pumps, Self Primping Pumps, Monoblock Pumps, Dewatering Pumps, Submersible Pumps, Open Well Submersible Pumps.
Circulating Water Pump Overhauling Report (Capacity- 29,000 m3/hr)Shah Jalal
The pump suction is from river water to discharge to water boxes of steam condenser. It’s a vertical shaft, 2,100 discharge bore mixed flow pump. It’s driven by an 1650 KW vertically mounted motor with a rated full load rpm of 372. Rated flow rate of the pump is 29,000 m3/hr
STRUCTURAL DESIGN AND MANUFACTURING USING PENDULUM PRINCIPLE FOR BUCKET TYPE ...Pranita Thorat
Hand water pump with a pendulum is very simple solution for pumping water. The advantages of this invention compared to present hand pump solutions are less force to start the pump, elders and children can also operate it
2
without any fatigue, since maintaining the oscillation of the pendulum does not request any special training or dexterity. Pendulum pump can be used to supply water for human needs, fire extinguishing, irrigation and agriculture by disabled or handicapped persons as well as women in areas with less manpower, water supply and electricity, rural areas and undeveloped countries.
The document describes a pendulum-operated piston pump designed to alleviate the work required to pump water. The pump uses the oscillating motion of a pendulum connected to a two-armed lever to power the up-and-down motion of a piston inside a cylinder. With each swing of the pendulum, the lever moves the piston to pump water with minimal human effort. The pendulum's motion can be maintained by occasional finger movements, requiring less fatigue than traditional hand pumps. The device aims to create free energy through the difference between the work of oscillating forces on the lever and damping forces on the pendulum.
Griffin specializes in dewatering and groundwater control for challenging construction projects using techniques like wells, wellpoints, and relief wells to separate water from soil and control groundwater levels. Proper dewatering is important as it allows for safer and more efficient construction by improving soil properties and intercepting water, while improper dewatering can have consequences like unstable excavations and increased costs. The document then provides details on dewatering methods, considerations for selecting a system, and several case studies of Griffin's dewatering work on large infrastructure projects.
This document provides an overview of hydro power plant components and types. It discusses the three types of power houses: surface, semi-underground, and underground. Surface power houses have components on the surface but are limited by topography. Semi-underground power houses combine advantages of surface and underground. Underground power houses are located entirely inside mountains with access tunnels. The document also summarizes the main components of hydro power stations including dams/barrages, water conductor systems, and power houses as well as different types of hydro power projects.
This document provides an introduction and overview of dewatering methods used in construction projects. It discusses how the water table and groundwater conditions can impact foundations and excavations. Several key dewatering methods are described, including sumps, wells, well points, drainage galleries, and exclusion methods like ground freezing. Sumps involve pumping from perforated drums in a gravel-filled excavation and work best in fine-grained soils. Wells use large-diameter casings and pumps to dewater large areas to depth in permeable soils. Well points are smaller and more shallow but can effectively dewater coarse-grained soils through a vacuum system. Selection of the appropriate dewatering method depends on factors like soil type, excav
The document provides information on different types of intake structures used for collecting surface water. It discusses wet and dry intake towers, as well as submerged and exposed intakes. Trash racks are described as screens used to prevent debris from entering intake structures. Twin well river intake structures are also summarized, which typically include an inlet well, intake pipe, and jack well to lift water from the river to the treatment plant.
An integrated hydrologic-economic model can jointly represent river basin hydrology and economic systems. The model structure includes sub-models for hydrology, agriculture, industry, municipalities, and institutions. It uses an optimization approach to maximize total net water benefits across sectors. The model can help with strategic decision making by evaluating tradeoffs between off-stream and instream water uses under different policy and investment scenarios. However, it has limitations such as not being suitable for day-to-day river operations and not fully representing rainfed agriculture and poverty impacts.
First Session on MultiScale Integrated Assessment of Societal and Ecosystem metabolism of Water.
ESEE2011 Istanbul.
If you use it, please cite and let us know!!
;)
Water Conservation Finds It’s Home in Integrated Resources Planning. Presented by Richard Harris, Manager of Water Conservation, East Bay Municipal Utility District, California at Texas Water Foundation, Central Texas Water Conservation Symposium February 26, 2013
Cpwf gbdc combined presentation for policy meeting_bangladeshMahabubur Rahman
There are many factors to consider when determining suitable cropping systems and technologies for different areas within the coastal zone, including water quality, availability, proximity to water sources, land elevation, and flooding depth and duration. Detailed spatial data can help account for this complexity and target interventions appropriately.
The document discusses the need for a new paradigm in groundwater management in rainfed areas. It argues that past programs that brought investments, decisions, and knowledge to local communities have been successful. For groundwater management, it suggests taking a similar participatory approach focused on secure access to groundwater for all households to ensure crop security and livelihood stability. Case studies show how communities have collectively managed groundwater resources through pooling borewells and sharing water. The document calls for public investments to trigger such community-driven solutions and the development of a new localized knowledge system to support groundwater management goals.
Presentation from the Livestock Inter-Agency Donor Group (IADG) Meeting 2010. 4-5 May 2010 Italy, Rome IFAD Headquarters.
The event involved approximately 45 representatives from the international partner agencies to discuss critical needs for livestock development and research issues for the coming decade.
[ Originally posted on http://www.cop-ppld.net/cop_knowledge_base ]
This document discusses water availability and productivity in the Andes region. It provides context on the heterogeneous nature of the Andes basin and competing demands on land and water resources. It then summarizes baseline data on land use, GDP, irrigation and protected areas. Several key methods are discussed for analyzing water availability, including rainfall and evapotranspiration modeling. Results show areas of water deficit and surplus. Methods for analyzing water productivity through dry matter production are also summarized. The impacts of climate change, land use change, and protected areas on water resources are assessed through modeling.
This presentation takes a close look at the data and methodology behind WRI’s brand new Aqueduct water risk mapping tool (http://aqueduct.wri.org/) which includes 12 new indicators of water-related risk. Through a step by step description of how the Aqueduct water risk maps were created, it covers the hydrological modeling and data sources used to compute all 12 indicators of water-related risk, as well as the methodology used to weigh and aggregate each indicator into physical, regulatory, reputational and overall water risk scores.
Integrated urban water management experiences from ethekweni municipality s...Global Water Partnership
The document discusses integrated urban water management in Ethekweni Municipality, South Africa. It outlines key principles of integrated urban water management including considering the collective impact of water processes on issues like health, environment and stakeholder satisfaction. It then provides an overview of Ethekweni Municipality, describing its population, infrastructure, challenges and opportunities. Specific integrated urban water management strategies being implemented are then discussed, including non-revenue water reduction programs, water reuse initiatives, and exploring renewable energy options.
This document discusses water demand and flow calculations. It begins by distinguishing between three types of water use: withdrawals, consumptive use, and non-consumptive use. It then defines key terms like water demand, scarcity, stress, and security. Various sectors of water use are examined including agricultural, residential, commercial, and industrial uses. Methods for estimating water withdrawals for livestock and crops are provided. The document concludes by covering topics like urban water demand projections, global warming impacts, and examples of flow rate and detention time calculations.
Groundwater models are simplified representation of large and real hydrogeologic systems like river basins or watersheds. GWM is attempted to analyse the mechanisms which control the occurrence and movement of groundwater and to evaluate the policies, actions and designs which may affect the systems. These models are less complex prototypes of complex hydrogeologic systems developed using spatially varying aquifer parameters, hydrologic properties, geologic boundary conditions and positions of withdrawal wells or recharging structures. These are designed to compute how pumping or recharge might affect the local or regional groundwater levels.
This document discusses applications of remote sensing and modeling for flood risk analysis and irrigation water management. It identifies global flood hotspots, particularly in Asia, and quantifies associated economic and human losses. Products including 8-day flood inundation maps of South Asia at 500m resolution from 2000-2011 are presented. Successful operational flood mapping and forecasting systems developed for the Gash Delta region of Sudan using MODIS and Landsat imagery, biomass modeling, and HEC modeling tools like HMS and RAS are summarized. The systems provide weekly flood maps and crop/irrigation performance updates to help farmers manage land and water resources.
The document discusses modeling activities conducted by Delft Software to support decision making around river and coastal management. It summarizes several modeling studies and their key findings. These include:
1) Recreating a 1927 flood event on the Mississippi River to understand levee breaching and sediment deposition patterns.
2) Modeling different operation plans for a sediment diversion in the Barataria Basin to analyze land building, salinity impacts, and effects on dolphin habitat over time.
3) Evaluating nature-based ridge projects to reduce salinity and improve dolphin habitat in combination with sediment diversions.
This document discusses modeling watershed dynamics using a cellular automata (CA)-Markov model approach. The objectives are to generate land use/land cover databases from satellite data over time, analyze indicators and drivers of watershed changes, derive transition matrices and suitability images, and project future watershed scenarios to 2024. The study area is a 195 square kilometer watershed in India. Land use/land cover data from 1972-2004 shows changes over time in classes like water, wetland, forest, and agriculture area. Spatial layers of soil, land use, roads, drainage, and slope are generated. The CA-Markov model will integrate Markov transition matrices with CA suitability maps to predict future watershed conditions and
Presentation of Andre Nassar for the "2nd Workshop on the Impact of New Technologies on the Sustainability of the Sugarcane/Bioethanol Production Cycle"
Apresentação de Marcos S. Buckeridge realizada no "2nd Workshop on the Impact of New Technologies on the Sustainability of the Sugarcane/Bioethanol Production Cycle"
Date / Data : Novr 11th - 12th 2009/
11 e 12 de novembro de 2009
Place / Local: CTBE, Campinas, Brazil
Event Website / Website do evento: http://www.bioetanol.org.br/workshop5
The document summarizes the status of environmental flows (E-flows) in India and a study conducted by WWF-India to assess E-flows in the upper stretch of the River Ganga. It provides background on the concept of E-flows and highlights key initiatives in India. It then describes the building block methodology used in the Ganga study, conducted in partnership with hydrology, geomorphology, and other experts. The study identified four zones and representative sites to recommend maintenance flows based on filling out flow motivation forms. Results presented flows for zones 1 and 3 as a percentage of mean annual runoff to meet ecological needs.
The document discusses several key issues related to water and agriculture in India:
1) Agriculture is the largest user of water in India but is not always an efficient user, and agricultural water demand can be reduced through various conservation measures and cropping changes.
2) The traditional approach of large irrigation projects is no longer sustainable, and water policy must shift priority to restraining demand growth and increasing local solutions like watershed management.
3) Groundwater exploitation also needs to be curtailed to protect resources and equity, as over half of India's irrigation water comes from unsustainable groundwater use.
Understanding the Water Demand Implication of Socioeconomic Development Strat...CPWF Mekong
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A report prepared for the
Department for International Development (DFID)
Project: ‘The Role of Fisheries in Poverty Alleviation
and Growth: Past, Present and Future’
A report prepared for the
Department for International Development (DFID)
Project: ‘The Role of Fisheries in Poverty Alleviation
and Growth: Past, Present and Future’
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Assessing Agriculture-Water Links at Basin Scale: A Hydro-Economic Model of the São Francisco River Basin, Brazil
1. Assessing Agriculture-Water Links at
Basin S l
B i Scale: A H d E
Hydro-Economic Model of
i M d l f
the São Francisco River Basin, Brazil
Marco Maneta
Marcelo Torres
Stephen Vosti
Center for Natural Wesley Wallender
Resources Policy
Analysis
A l i -- CNRPA SFRB Team
September 2008 UCD/Embrapa
2. Presentation Overview
• Objectives of Modeling Exercises
• Overview of the Hydro model
• Overview of the Economic Model of Agriculture
• Interaction between Hydro and Econ Models
y
• Geographic Focus of Today’s Presentation
• Setting the Stage for a Two-Part Policy Experiment
– Application of ANA water use guidelines and a sugarcane
price shock
• Simulation Results
– Hydrology
– Agriculture
g
• Conclusions and Policy Implications
UCD/Embrapa
3. Key Objectives of Hydro-
Economic Models
E i M d l
• Understand Farmer Behavior and Outcomes
– Cropping patterns, input mix, employment, water use
– Income and poverty
– Surface water and groundwater availability
• Predict the Effects of Proposed Policy and other
Changes on Farmer Behavior/Outcomes
• Inform Policy
• Modeling at Three Spatial Extents
– Plot-Level LUS Model
– Buriti Vermelho Model
– Basin-Wide Model
UCD/Embrapa
5. Core of the Economic Model of
Agriculture: Farmer Objective Function
max ∑ pit qit (x nirrt , ewit (xirrt )) − ∑ w jt xijt − ∑ cewit (pirrt , xirrt ; z)
i i i
Agricultural Production Function Effective Water
•Vector of Non Irrigation Inputs (xnirr):
Vector Non-Irrigation Cost
Crop •Fertilizers, seeds, land, pesticides, Non-Irrigation • Irrigation Input
Prices machinery etc Input Cost Prices – pirr
•Effective Water – ew • Price - wsj • Irrigation Input
•Function of Irrigation Inputs (xirr)
F ti f I i ti I t ( ): •Q
Quantity - xsij
tit Quantities - xirr
Q titi
•Applied water • z – Vector of
•Irrigation Capital factors that may
•Irrigation Labor
g affect irrigation costs
•Irrigation Energy (e.g. distance to
( di t t
river)
UCD/Embrapa
6. Economic Simulation Model
E i Si l ti M d l
max ∑ pit qit (x nirrt , ewit (x irrt )) − ∑ w jt xijt − ∑ cewit (p irrt , x irrt ; z)
ˆ
x
i i i
Land : ∑ land it ≤ Bland t
i
Subject to: Labor : ∑ labor it ≤ Blabor t
i
Surface Water : swm ≤ Bswm
UCD/Embrapa
7. Basin-Wide Models’ Temporal and
B i Wid M d l ’ T l d
Spatial Resolutions and Extents
Spatial Resolution
Hydro model 14 large polygons
Econ model Município
Temporal Resolution
Hydro model month
Econ model agricultural season
Spatial Extent
SFRB, both models
Temporal Extent
Decades, both models
UCD/Embrapa
8. Hydrologic & Economic Model Links
y g
• Crop-specific Algorithm to translate
g HYDROLOGIC
• poduction cropping decisions into MODEL
• water use water demand
• irrigation efficiency
Cropping Decisions Hydrologic Consequences
ECONOMIC • Water available for ag
Algorithm to translate
O
MODEL hydrologic consequences • rainfall
into water availability •surface water
UCD/Embrapa
10. Setting the Policy
Experiment Stage
• Variable Weather Conditions
– Wet year and drought
– Rainfall and evapotranspiration
• Water Policy Setting
– Application of the ANA guidelines
• Price Shock
– Large increase in sugarcane prices
• Use Hydro-Econ Models to Predict:
– Cropping p
pp g patterns, water use, employment, income
, , p y ,
– Water availability in river system
UCD/Embrapa
11. Water Available at the Entrance to Sobradinho Dam
Water
Available for
Agriculture
Water Available at the Entrance to Sobradinho Dam
Wet-Year Water Drought-Year Water
Availability (m3s-1) Availability (m3s-1)
January 5477.3 2991.8 “Available” for Ag =
February 5471.1 2955.0
March 5718.0 2364.9 River Flow Entering
April 3130.6 1578.3 Sobradinho Dam Minus
May 1724.2 681.8
June 1573.5 274.0
2000 m3s-1 for
July 1391.7 66.9 Environmental Flows
August 919.1 10.0 (following Braga and Lotufo
September 380.7
380 7 10.0
10 0 2008)
October 621.2 10.0
November 1740.4 627.7
December 3863.4 2153.5
UCD/Embrapa
12. Upstream Water Demand
Upstream Water Demand for Boqueirão
(sample município)
Blue = baseline
Green = Sugarcane Price Increase
Total Demand of all Simulated
Upstream Responses to
Sugarcane Price Increases (m3s‐1)
January y 39.5
February 33.4
March 40.1
April 22.3
Mayy 27.1
June 37.8
July 54.4
August 89.5
September 99.4
October 92.5
November 74.6
December 43.1
UCD/Embrapa
13. Available Water Downstream after
Available Water Downstream after
3 ‐1
Sugarcane Price Increase (m s )
Downstream Water January
Wet Year
5442
Drought
2973
February 5388 2927
Availability after March
April
5723
3175
2154
1585
Price Shock May
June
J
1743
1483
650
222
July 1366 10
August 827 10
September 296 10
Water Available at the Entrance to Sobradinho Dam
Water Available at the Entrance to Sobradinho Dam October 543 10
November 1718 574
December 3794 2016
UCD/Embrapa
14. Upstream Cultivated Areas
(by scenario, irrigation)
500,000
400,000 Agricultural
300,000
200,000 Land Use
L dU
100,000
0
Baseline Sugar Price -- Sugar Price -- Wet
Drought Year
Downstream Cultivated Areas
Rainfed Irrigated Total Cultivated Area (by scenario, irrigation)
900,000
800,000
700,000
600,000
500,000
500 000
400,000
300,000
200,000
100,000
0
Baseline Sugar Price -- Sugar Price --
Drought Wet Year
Rainfed Irrigated Total Cultivated Area
UCD/Embrapa
15. Area in Sugarcane
Upstream Sugarcane Areas
(by scenario, irrigation)
30,000
30 000
25,000
20,000
15,000
10,000
5,000
5 000
0
Baseline Sugar Price -- Sugar Price --
Drought Wet Year
Downstream Sugarcane Areas
(by scenario, irrigation)
Total Sugarcane Total Irrigated Sugarcane
50,000
40,000
30,000
20,000
10,000
0
Baseline Sugar Price -- Sugar Price --
Drought Wet Year
Total Sugarcane Total Irrigated Sugarcane
UCD/Embrapa
16. Upstream Agricultural Employment
(by scenario, irrigation) R l
Rural
6,000
5,000
,
4,000
Employment
p y
3,000
2,000
1,000
0
Baseline Sugar Price -- Sugar Price --
Drought Wet Year
Downstream Agricultural Employment
Total Rural Employment
p y Total Irrigated Ag Employment
g g p y ( y
(by scenario, irrigation)
, g )
50,000
40,000
30,000
20,000
10,000
0
Baseline Sugar Price -- Sugar Price --
Drought Wet Year
Total Rural Employment Total Irrigated Ag Employment
UCD/Embrapa
17. Upstream Sugarcane and Total Ag Profits
(by scenario, irrigation)
120,000,000
100,000,000
80,000,000
60,000,000
40,000,000
40 000 000
Agricultural
20,000,000
0
Baseline Sugar Price -- Sugar Price --
Profits
Drought Wet Year
Total Ag Profits Irrigated Ag Profits
Total Sugarcane Profits Irrigated Sugarcane Profits
Downstream Sugarcane and Total Ag Profits
(by scenario irrigation)
scenario,
300,000,000
250,000,000
200,000,000
150,000,000
100,000,000
50,000,000
0
Baseline Sugar Price --
S gar Sugar Price -- Wet
S gar
Drought Year
Total Ag Profits Irrigated Ag Profits
Total Sugarcane Profits Irrigated Sugarcane Profits
UCD/Embrapa
18. Conclusions and Policy
Implications
I li ti
• Application of ANA Guidelines Will Affect Agriculture
– Effects will depend on product mix, irrigation technology, location and
upstream effects, weather conditions, and product prices
• Hydro-Econ Model Can Help Predict:
– The location and extent of effects on (say) profits
– Provide estimates of willingness to pay for more water
• Hence, help develop water markets
• Effects f S
Eff t of Sugarcane P i Increase on Ag
Price I A
– Shift in product mix
– Increased irrigated area
– Profits increase
– Upstream farmers not affected by drought; not so for downstream farmers
• Effects of Sugar Price Increase on Poverty
– B d news: li l employment growth, small-scale sugarcane not likely to
Bad little l h ll l lik l
participate in boom
– Good news: increased water use in sugarcane does not ‘crowd out’ crops
with higher labor demand patterns UCD/Embrapa