The document discusses Stuart Hall's reception theory from 1973 which considers how audiences actively consume and decode media messages based on their backgrounds and views. It can discuss three types of readings: dominant, negotiated, and oppositional. It then discusses how ethnic minorities are often represented through stereotypes in the media, such as being exotic, dangerous, pitied, humorous, or sexualized. It also notes that representations of ethnic minorities are often underrepresented, stereotypical, and negative in portraying them as criminals, a threat, or culturally abnormal.
How young people are represented in the media in Argentina. Stereotypes and representations.
Roxana Morduchowicz, Ph.D., Director of Medias in Schools Program, Ministry of Education, Argentina.
Youth and Media -seminar, 16.9.2010, Helsinki.
How young people are represented in the media in Argentina. Stereotypes and representations.
Roxana Morduchowicz, Ph.D., Director of Medias in Schools Program, Ministry of Education, Argentina.
Youth and Media -seminar, 16.9.2010, Helsinki.
A2 Collective Identity Essay Plan - representation of women in the mediastmarysmediastudies
Â
Plan prepared for a wall display on the A2 Collective Identity exam question 'The media do not construct reality, they merely offer a window on the world.' This is based on case studies of the representation of women in the media.
A2 Collective Identity Essay Plan - representation of women in the mediastmarysmediastudies
Â
Plan prepared for a wall display on the A2 Collective Identity exam question 'The media do not construct reality, they merely offer a window on the world.' This is based on case studies of the representation of women in the media.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
Â
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
The Indian economy is classified into different sectors to simplify the analysis and understanding of economic activities. For Class 10, it's essential to grasp the sectors of the Indian economy, understand their characteristics, and recognize their importance. This guide will provide detailed notes on the Sectors of the Indian Economy Class 10, using specific long-tail keywords to enhance comprehension.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
Â
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
The Art Pastor's Guide to Sabbath | Steve ThomasonSteve Thomason
Â
What is the purpose of the Sabbath Law in the Torah. It is interesting to compare how the context of the law shifts from Exodus to Deuteronomy. Who gets to rest, and why?
Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptxEduSkills OECD
Â
Andreas Schleicher presents at the OECD webinar âDigital devices in schools: detrimental distraction or secret to success?â on 27 May 2024. The presentation was based on findings from PISA 2022 results and the webinar helped launch the PISA in Focus âManaging screen time: How to protect and equip students against distractionâ https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/education/managing-screen-time_7c225af4-en and the OECD Education Policy Perspective âStudents, digital devices and successâ can be found here - https://oe.cd/il/5yV
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
Â
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
Â
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesarâs dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empireâs birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empireâs society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as âdistorted thinkingâ.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
Â
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Â
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
3. Audience Positioning
ī This theory was created in 1973 at Birmingham
University the theory considers how message are
produced, diss. The theory considers that the audience
are active in consuming the media and are able to
decode encoded message within the product. The
decoding of the product includes the verbal messages
spoken but also the visual messages conveyed through
e.g. body language or for TV / Film the cinematic visual
language used. This theory also excepts that the
individual based on there background and views can
decode a message within a product differently than
another person. The
4. Audience Positioning
ī The decoding can fall into three categories;
ī Dominant reading - the viewer full accepts the preferred
reading of the product, within the intentions of the creator /
writer.
ī Negotiated reading - The viewer broadly accepts the
preferred reading of the text but may make small changes
to this to reflect their own views and opinions.
ī The Oppositional reading - The viewers own views will put
them in direct opposition with the views being represented
within the Media product and therefore will completely
reject the views being represented.
5. Semiotics
ī the study of signs and symbols as elements of
communicative behaviour; the analysis of
systems of communication, as language,
gestures, or clothing.
https://prezi.com/y8bt
jn21oiho/stuart-hall-
reception-theory-
1980/?utm_campaign
=share&utm_medium
=copy
6. Audiences â Key Terms
ī Homogenous - Of the same or similar nature
or kind. Uniform in structure or composition
throughout, as of a chemical mixture.
ī Heterogeneous â A viewer who has a widely
different opinions or views, does not like
similar things as others â more niche and
different.
7. Example
ī Consider what the different readings of this
clip might be.
ī To answer this you will need to think about
how different viewers might see this. Consider
the type of viewer their interest age and how if
could affect their views.
ī https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GSsGuh4
Ajhk
9. Ethnicity
Dictionary Definition
ī 1. relating to or characteristic of a human group having racial, religious,
linguistic, and certain other traits in common
ī 2. relating to the classification of mankind into groups, esp on the basis of
racial characteristics
ī 3. denoting or deriving from the cultural traditions of a group of people:
the ethnic dances of Slovakia
ī 4. characteristic of another culture: the ethnic look ; ethnic food
ī Your ethnicity is defined by your cultural identity which may demonstrate
itself through customs, dress, food. Ethnicity suggests an identity that is
based on a sense of place, ideology or religion. You can be British but of
Jewish ethnicity.
10. ī Britain is a multicultural society.
ī 7.9% of the UK population are from ethnic
minority groups.
ī Ethnic minority groups are at the forefront in
their use of the new media.
ī So, what should we expect in terms of ethnic
minority representations within the media?
11. Stereotypes of Ethnicity
Alvaradoâs (1987) stereotypes in the
representation of ethnicity and race;
ī EXOTIC
ī DANGEROUS
ī PITIED
ī HUMOUROUS.
ī A recent revision of this has added the
SEXUALISED stereotype
13. Change
ī Representation of people from other cultures in the media has
changed dramatically since earlier days where they were
defined in their potential for comedy and âforeignnessâ
ī Fawlty Towers: http://bit.ly/1jCS7JS
14. 1970âS
ī Love Thy Neighbour
ī https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B1dakp4F
T0w
ī Til Death Do Us Part
ī https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KonChsnU
O6Y
15. Otherness
ī People from other cultures still tend to be
defined by their âothernessâ. This can be see
as either positive or negative.
16. Stereotypes and mis-
representation
ī Some stereotypes and mis-representations can be
dangerous as the representation that is constructed by
the media is often the only experience of these cultures
some audiences will have.
17. Tokenism
ī Some programmes have representations of ethnic
minorities. These tend to focus on the stereotypical
aspects of that culture, for example arranged marriages.
Do you have any examples?
18.
19. Ethnicity in Media
ī Video â Essay
ī https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BZAIkubqt
Nc
ī Discuss.
20. Young Blacks
ī Young black people have been demonised by some
areas of the media and are presented as linked to
violence and gang culture
21. Key ways in which ethnic minorities
are represented within the media
ī Underrepresented
ī Represented in a
stereotypical way
ī Represented negatively
ī As criminals
ī As a threat
ī As culturally abnormal
ī As unimportant
ī As dependent
ī As invisible
ī These are the findings of
Van Dijk, who has
examined media
representations of ethnic
minorities.
ī He made these findings
via content analysis of
thousands of news items
over several decades.
ī So, what can we say
about Van Dijkâs
findings in relation to
representativeness?
22. Moral panicsâĻ.
ī The findings of the previous thinkers (Van Dijk, Akinti, Agbetu)
indicate that Black people are newsworthy because they are bad
news!
ī Rarely are Black people portrayed as normal functioning individuals
within everyday society.
ī Watson notes that moral panics often result from such stereotyping
of Black people within the media, particularly the panic that they are
potentially criminal.
ī Think headlines!!
ī Such headlines back up Hallâs study of a 1970s moral panic around
the âBlack muggerâ.
ī More recently, moral panics have remained around the idea of Black
crime â particularly gang crime
ī In 2003, David Blunkett (Home Secretary) said he was âappalledâ
by lyrics in rap & hip-hop music.
ī Kim Howells (Culture Secretary) claimed a particular Black band was
glorifying gun culture.
ī In 2005, ASA criticised 50 Centâs film poster for glamorising gun
crime.
ī In 2006, David Cameron (leader of Conservative party) criticised
BBC Radio 1 for playing gangsta rap as such music âencourages
people to carry guns & knives.
23. ī However, there are many negative representations
of black people, portrayals which seem
deliberately designed to inflame the fear and
hatred of other cultures - how positive a
representation is the archetypal African-American
gangsta?
ī Yet these are representations coming from within
black culture itself...
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=64AQ3BzhWKI
24. Activity 2: Representation of ethnic
minorities is, by and large, based on
stereotypes. (In pairs, 3 mins) Can you think
of recent examples of media texts that offer
stereotypical portrayals of black culture?
WHY do you think such stereotypes (a) are
created and (b) continue?
25. Ethnic minorities are a threat!!
ī Through his content analysis Van Dijk has said a
common stereotype is that ethnic minorities are
posing a threat to the majority.
ī This is seen through news content, again
contributing to moral panics.
ī Main ethnic minorities that are portrayed as
posing a threat are:
1. Immigrants
2. Refugees & asylum seekers
3. Muslims
26. ī Asian racial features, names, accents, or
mannerisms as inherently comic or sinister.
Because distinctive Asian characteristics are less
common in the United States, movies and TV
shows often fall back on them for quick and easy
gags or gasps
Fisher Stevens as Ben Jabituya
Ben Jabituva
27. Immigrants
ī This group is seen as a threat in terms of their numbers.
ī Common media coverage focuses on how their presence
is affecting housing, jobs etc.
ī In 1995, a government trade minister resigned because
he was unhappy with the lack of European border controls
â leading to illegal immigration into the country.
ī Philo & Beattie explain this resignation set off media
hysteria about immigration & the consequences of it.
Immigration portrayed in an alarmist way & reported as
threatening the British way of life. Sensationalists
language, such as âfloodâ & âtidal waveâ also used.
ī Philo & Beattie basically believe that such media
coverage created a moral panic about immigration,
particularly as no positive stories about the contribution of
ethnic minorities were presented.
28. Which ethnicity do you see?
Can you recall the last time you saw a sikh
represented in the media?
Do you think sikhs are often represented
POSITIVELY or NEGATIVELY in the media?
29. Which ethnicity do you see?
When was the last time you recall seeing this
ethnicity represented in the media?
Do you think Romany gypsies are often
represented POSITIVELY or NEGATIVELY?
30. Which ethnicity do you see?
When was the last time you recall seeing this
ethnicity represented in the media?
Do you think people of mixed race are often
represented POSITIVELY or NEGATIVELY?
31. Which ethnicity do you see?
When was the last time you recall seeing this ethnicity
represented in the media?
Do you think Chinese people are often
represented POSITIVELY or NEGATIVELY?
32. Which ethnicity do you see?
When was the last time you recall seeing this ethnicity
represented in the media?
Do you think Muslims are often represented
POSITIVELY or NEGATIVELY?
33. Representation of Ethnicity âTV Drama:
extract: Top Boy season 1 ep 1. (2011)
Channel 4 Top Boy 2011 (season 1 ep 1)
Channel 4
Watch the next section of Series 1 Episode 1 of
âTop Boyâ (4oD, available on Youtube).
Deconstruct the codes used to create the
representations (audio, visual, technical)
How is the representation constructed?
Link this to theory. (Alvarado) â dangerous/pitied
Consider audience. Why is this representation
constructed?