Article #2 outline the geographical imagination
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This article examines the complex reasons for Brazilian immigration to the United States through a study of two migration corridors: from Governador Valadares, Minas Gerais to Framingham, Massachusetts and from Piracanjuba, Goias to Marietta, Georgia. The author conducted ethnographic interviews and observations of Brazilian immigrants in their homes and communities to understand their geographical imaginations and experiences migrating. Key findings were that immigrants migrated for reasons such as social mobility, family reunification, and escaping abusive relationships. Their decisions to migrate were influenced by perceptions of place, cultural identities, and desires for adventure or education in the United States.
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Urban Geography, Urbanism, Urbanization, Gateway Cities, urban system, urban form, congregation, gentrification, world cities, dualism
Ch11 urban structure
- North American cities developed around a central business district with concentric zones of land use radiating outward. Residential areas further from the city center provided more space but less accessibility.
- Models of urban structure include the Chicago model of distinct zones and Hoyt's sector model. Contemporary cities show decentralization with edge cities and polycentric development.
- Issues facing North American cities include decaying infrastructure, poverty, and racial segregation leading to problems in inner cities. Sprawl and lack of planning also contribute to issues.
- European cities have lower skylines and more continuity based on centuries of development. Primate cities are disproportionately large national centers, usually capital cities.
- Islamic cities emphasize privacy and community
Mod.ii world languages religions
Maps of World Religions, Religion in the United States, cultural regions based on religion in the U.S., Diffusion of World Religions, Map of World Languages, Map of Language Families, Diffusion point of Language Families.
Geog. 102 geography of agriculture
This document provides an overview of key concepts in the geography of food and agriculture, including:
- The origins and changes in agricultural practices from hunting/gathering to modern industrialized systems.
- The agricultural revolutions that introduced mechanization, chemicals, and manufacturing processes.
- The industrialization of agriculture including agribusiness and changes to rural labor.
- Globalization and the rise of alternative food movements focused on issues like food sovereignty.
- Emerging challenges around food insecurity, environmental degradation, and land grabs.
Ch07 economic dev_pt_i
This document discusses key concepts related to economic development, including measures of economic growth like GDP and GNI. It describes major global economic shifts from agriculture to industry and socialism to capitalism. Core economic regions like North America and Europe are contrasted with peripheral regions that specialize more in agriculture, mining, and other primary activities. Major factors that influence economic development are discussed, such as availability of cultivable land, energy resources, and sustainability concerns regarding countries' ecological footprints.
Ch10 political geographies
This document summarizes key concepts in political geography from a human geography textbook chapter. It discusses different types of states like federal states, unitary states, and nation-states. It also covers geopolitical topics like decolonization, nationalism, and the North/South divide. Examples are given of disputed territories, changing borders in Europe, and colonialism in Africa and South America. Political concepts discussed include self-determination, regionalism, and separatist movements.
Ch 2 world systems globalization
The document summarizes key concepts from Chapter 2 of a human geography textbook, including the evolution of modern world systems and increasing globalization. It describes the development of early agricultural societies in hearth areas and mini-systems, and the rise of world empires like Rome that incorporated many mini-systems. It then discusses the core-periphery structure of the modern world system that emerged from European colonialism and industrialization. Transnational corporations have come to play a major role in neocolonialism by concentrating economic control over global trade networks. The chapter also addresses increasing global interconnectedness through commodity chains and issues of environmental sustainability and cultural imperialism in the current era of globalization.
Human geography 7 e_ch06_language_and_religion(1)
This document provides an overview of key concepts about the geographies of language, communication, and belief from Chapter 6. It discusses the origins and distributions of major world languages and language families. It also addresses the origins and spread of the world's major religions and how migration has impacted language and religious diffusion. Additionally, it examines topics like linguistic relationships, language endangerment, literacy, and the influences of globalization on communication and religion.
Human geography 7e lecture_ch11_urbanization
This document provides an overview of key concepts related to urbanization and the global urban system. It discusses topics like urban expansion, gateway cities, central place theory, primacy, megacities, deindustrialization, and the relationship between cities and climate change. The document uses figures and diagrams to illustrate urbanization trends and patterns within and between urban places over time. It also provides examples and prompts for readers to apply their knowledge.
Ch11 (12) urban structure
Urban structure, urban history, city function, zone of transition
Images copyright of Pearson Education, Inc., 2013
Disc. 4 Urban issues Ch. 11(10) Urbanization
Module IV: Discussion #4 - Urban Issues & Urbanization
Powerpoint 5th Ed. - Ch. 10 (now Ch. 11)
Images, content copyright Pearson Education, 2013
Ch08 economic dev pt ii
This document discusses economic activities and development around the world. It describes the primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary economic activities. It then examines geographical divisions of labor on national, regional and local levels. It discusses international trade and specialization between countries. It analyzes newly industrializing countries, Asian Tiger economies, and post-industrial economies. Finally, it explores concepts like globalization, international trade blocs, economic dependency, and fair trade alternatives.
Ch.5 6 world languages- religions
Maps of religious cultural region in U.S.
Global world Religions
Diffusion of Islam
Pearson, 6th ed. Human Geography.
Discussion 2 nation state
A state is an independent political territory administered by a sovereign government and recognized internationally. It typically contains a permanent population, organized economy, and internal political structure. A nation is a cultural and linguistic identity that may or may not have its own state. Nation-states ideally have populations that share a common ethnicity, language, and culture, though minorities may be assimilated. The power of nation-states depends on controlling resources and populations to influence other states.
Human geography 7e lecture_ch05_culture
This document provides an overview of key concepts in cultural geography, including culture as a geographical process, cultural complexes, cultural systems, culture and identity, and globalization. It discusses how culture is a shared set of meanings that is always evolving and impacted by globalization. Cultural geography examines the relationship between space, place, landscape, and culture. It also explores concepts like cultural landscapes, folk and popular culture, and how culture shapes and is shaped by place.
Article Outline: Amazonian Agriculturalists bound by Subsistence Hunting by E...
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Amazonian Agriculturalists Bound by Subsistence Hunting. by Eric Minzenberg & Richard Wallace (2008) Published in: Journal of Cultural Geography, 28(1), 99-121.
Lecture ch03
This document provides an overview of key concepts in population geography from a human geography textbook chapter, including definitions of census, demographics, population dynamics, migration patterns, population density, sustainable development, and more. It also summarizes models of population distribution and density, birth and death rates, the demographic transition theory, mobility and migration patterns, and debates around population and natural resources. Diagrams and tables are referenced to illustrate concepts like population pyramids, fertility rates, and population projections over time.
Ch08 agriculture lecture(1)
This document provides an overview of key concepts in agricultural geography including:
- The three agricultural revolutions that industrialized farming practices.
- How traditional subsistence farming has given way to globalized industrial agriculture dominated by agribusiness.
- The environmental impacts of intensive farming methods such as soil degradation, deforestation, and global warming.
- Alternative food movements that aim to make agriculture more sustainable and local.
Ch07 economic dev_pt1
Adapted from Knox & Marston's Human Geography: Places and Regions in Global Context, 6th Ed., 2013, Images copyrighted Pearson.
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Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
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Article #2 outline the geographical imagination
- 1. Article #2: Brazilian Immigration to the United States and the Geographical Imagination. by Alan P. Marcus Published in: The Geographical Review, 99(4), 481-498. 1 Geography Topic: Transnational Migration
- 2. Outline: • Topic: This article explores the “interrelated & complex” reasons Brazilians migrate to the United States as part of the study of transnational migration. (Abstract – p. 496) • Geographical Settings • World Region: Western Hemisphere, South & North American continents, nations of Brazil & the United States. • Origins: Governador Valadares, Minas Gerias & Piracanjuba, Goias in Brazil • Destinations: Framingham, Massachusetts & Marietta, Georgia in the United States p. 481 – Abstract & Introduction, p. 483 – Study location maps 2
- 3. Brazil to the United States 3
- 4. Purpose of the Study … was to examine the questions: • 1. Why are so many Brazilians leaving for the United States? • 2. What is their geographical imaginations, and how are they described in their migration process? (p. 481) • Research Objective: Examine two major migration corridors between Brazil & the United States 1. Governador Valadares, Minas Gerais & Framingham, MA 2. Piracanuba, Goias & Marietta, GA Rationale: Understanding the experiences of Immigrants helps to understand transnational migration. 4
- 5. Key Terms & Concepts • Geographic Imagination - a subjective idea • Brazilian immigration • Ethnic geography • Humanistic geography • Reasons for migrating 5
- 6. Theoretical paradigms – Geographic Imagination • Theoretical background: Results of the research were examined in context of "grounded theory", a way to review the interview and observation data without trying to categorize people's responses within a set conceptual framework (p. 484). 6
- 7. Study Participants: • Participants: Brazilian immigrants to the two locations in the United States • Participants: 29% were undocumented or were in the U.S. illegally. • 51% women, 49% men, ages 18 to 74, average age was 42, no one under 18 was interviewed, no one unable to agree to the confidentiality agreement (p. 484). 7
- 8. Methodology • Methodology: The author used "primary and secondary data and multiple research methods” (p. 481). • Ethnography - the researcher engaged in both observation of the participants in their homes and other cultural places, "churches, stores, and households" (p. 482). The researcher also asked the interviewees open-ended questions relating to their experiences as immigrants to the U.S. 8
- 9. Results: Reasons for Migration • Social mobility • Family reunification • Escaping an abusive relationship • The geographical imagination of individuals 9P. 493-495
- 10. Commentary Geographical imagination – • Place perceptions • Spatial behavior • Issue of national & cultural identities • Decisions to migrate: adventure, curiosity, educational pursuit, family reunion, U.S. cultural influence, & or escape • Kinship ties, social & religious networks 10