The role of university is not to train students to become farmers but agricultural scientists. Students are therefore taught the Art, Science and Business of Agriculture so that they can recreate opportunities for farmers and other participants in agricultural value chain.
A description of the disparity that exists in the current global food market and how this system results in scarcity and abundance in various parts of the world. Highlights inefficiences and unfairness in the agricultural industrial model and suggests remedies to this model.
Indian Agricultural Concerns and Future Prospects of Agriculture in IndiaDevina Seram
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Future Prospects of Agriculture in India (Expected)
"Everything Else Can Wait But Not Agriculture".
- Jawaharlal Nehru
The role of university is not to train students to become farmers but agricultural scientists. Students are therefore taught the Art, Science and Business of Agriculture so that they can recreate opportunities for farmers and other participants in agricultural value chain.
A description of the disparity that exists in the current global food market and how this system results in scarcity and abundance in various parts of the world. Highlights inefficiences and unfairness in the agricultural industrial model and suggests remedies to this model.
Indian Agricultural Concerns and Future Prospects of Agriculture in IndiaDevina Seram
Challenges faced in Present Indian Agriculture.
Future Prospects of Agriculture in India (Expected)
"Everything Else Can Wait But Not Agriculture".
- Jawaharlal Nehru
The israeli agro-business_story_East Africa Agriculture Value Chain Investmen...Agriquality
www.agriquality.net
AgriQuality, a consultancy and Agro-projects'-integration office, located in Omer, Israel.
Shafrir Godel (CEO) offers a very deep understanding of and familiarity with the Israeli agricultural sector. In his work, he is focusing on international agro-business and rural development; Godel and his staff at AgriQuality, supports their customers throughout the developing of their own business, local or international.
Being active in the agriculture sector in the last 25 years, Shafrir has developed a wide, tight and affective business networking to be used on an everyday basis for better planning and executing of new ventures.
Under Shafrir's leadership Agriquality provides consultancy and managements services to farmers and agro-companies in Israel and in various countries, growing conditions and deferent business atmosphere.
Agriquality address economic, marketing, operational and agronomic questions and offers professional solutions and value adding to our customers
Among Shafrir's clients one can find few offices of the Israeli government, rural municipalities, farmers and agribusiness' companies in Israel, India and several European countries.
Shafrir has participate in few rural development projects in the arid south of Israel and gain a precious experience in implementing government intentions and budget for the benefits of his customers in the regions he was working in.
During the years shafrir has participate in in strategic decision and procedures taken by Agriquality's clients. He is involved with customer's dilemmas regarding deferent aspects of the value chain; starting up with an idea, planning, investment and fund raising, operational, agronomical and marketing aspects.
Finn Tarp: A High Five to the AfDB: WIDER commentsUNU-WIDER
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Maps of World Religions, Religion in the United States, cultural regions based on religion in the U.S., Diffusion of World Religions, Map of World Languages, Map of Language Families, Diffusion point of Language Families.
Article #2 outline the geographical imaginationSusan White
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Article Outline: Amazonian Agriculturalists bound by Subsistence Hunting by E...Susan White
Example of Outline for Geography research article:
Amazonian Agriculturalists Bound by Subsistence Hunting. by Eric Minzenberg & Richard Wallace (2008) Published in: Journal of Cultural Geography, 28(1), 99-121.
The Indian economy is classified into different sectors to simplify the analysis and understanding of economic activities. For Class 10, it's essential to grasp the sectors of the Indian economy, understand their characteristics, and recognize their importance. This guide will provide detailed notes on the Sectors of the Indian Economy Class 10, using specific long-tail keywords to enhance comprehension.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
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Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
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An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
1. Wendy A. Mitteager
State University of New York, Oneonta
Ch. 7 - Geographies of
Economic Development – Pt. 1
2. Key Concepts – Pt.I:
• Economic development – prosperity levels resulting from economic
activities – measured in currency but not in Human development
• Economic Measures – GDP, GNI, & PPP
• Global Economic Shifts – Agriculture to Industrialization & Socialism to
Capitalism, Regional specialization to Globalization
• Economic specialization – Core-Periphery - Core dominating development
& technology
• Carrying capacity – how long it takes Earth to replenish resources used by
Humans
• Sustainable development – balancing costs with human benefits
• Key Resources to Economic Development - Cultivable Land, Energy,
Valuable Minerals
Figure: Chapter 7 Opener: Migrant workers in China boarding a train home for a seasonal festival.
3. Core World Economic Regions:
•North America
•Europe
•Japan
• Australia
• Singapore
• Thailand
• Diversified advanced
technology with highest
productivity, levels of
prosperity.
• Single most defining
characteristic of
economic development
based on capitalism is
the global Core-
Periphery contrast –
direct result of
competitive economic
system.
4. Economic Development defined as:
• The level & rates of change in “prosperity” including
“productivity” or GDP, incomes, & purchasing power in a
globalized capitalist economic system.
Broader changes as a result of Economic Development
should include Improved Life Conditions:
• Better housing
• Health care
• Education
• Social welfare or basic Human rights to sustain life
• Economic & Physical Infrastructure to support society
Measures of Economic Growth:
• Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is measured AS TOTAL VALUE of all
products, goods, services produced by country in 1 years. Total
Population/Monetary Value = GDP
• Gross National Income (GNI) – GNI=“INTERNATIONAL DOLLARS” =
Income measure flows to country from production in other regions.
Higher for Core vs. Periphery & direct reflection of this Paradigm
• Purchasing power parity (PPP) – how much goods & services each
currency can purchase locally in a country.
5. Figure 7.1 GNI is one of the best single measures of economic development.
Use this map to compare the core countries with the peripheral and semiperipheral countries.
GrossNationalIncome–G.N.I.–WorldRegions
JAPAN
Core Nations/1st World – political stability – economic specialization
RUSSIA
BRAZIL
Semi-periphery –
major resources,
Minerals &
Rainforests
1. THAILAND
INDIA
2. SINGAPORE
2.
1.
S. AFRICA
Periphery Nations – political instability, natural resource
issues 3rd World – post Cold War, newly independent African,
South American, & Asian nations
Andes Mts., high elevation
steppes & Atacama Desert –
Subsistence Agriculture
The Sahel
Congo
Sahara Desert
INDONESIA
CHINA
Subsistence Agriculture Subsistence Agriculture
6. Patternsof EconomicDevelopment
• Major Global
Economic Shifts in the
past Century:
• Agriculture to
Manufacturing
• Rural to Urban Migration
of World’s Population
• Socialism to Free
Market Capitalism
• Global pattern of
Unevenness in
Economic Development
•Core always has
advantage vs.
Developing Semi-
periphery & Periphery
Nations. Northern Core
has advantage of better
environment for
agriculture, resulted in
complex, highly
specialized economic
development from
Industrial Revolution.
•European & U.S.
Infrastructure reinforces
pattern of advanced
economic development via
finance, technology, natural
resources & minerals
/manufacturing.
7. Patternsof EconomicDevelopment(cont.)
Post WWII Investment in Europe
• The Marshall Plan in post WWII Europe was a comprehensive
economic recovery plan that rebuilt Europe back into Core region.
• U.S. provided much of the economic aid.
• Japan rebuilt into technologically advanced nation.
Socialism to Free Market Capitalism: China, former U.S.S.R., other
former communist-bloc nations shifting to Capitalist economies
• Formerly Communist nations of Europe & USSR participating in the European Union
Technological Advances, Use & Availability define Economic
Growth Poles, P.237 – Regions & Companies that aren’t nation-specific but are
Growth Engines & Centers of Innovation.
• The 4 Motors of Europe & International Investment: Baden-Württemberg, Germany,
Catalonia, Spain, Lombardy, France, & Rhône-Alpes, Switzerland
• The Silicon Valley - center of innovation, invention of Silicon chip that sped up
computing
• US Transnational Corporations such as Apple Computers in China
8. MajorFactorsinEconomicDevelopment:
• Cultivable land – Subtropical & Tropical lands at risk of deforestation &
soil erosion. Rainforests are complex, they’re not going to regenerate in 1
lifetime. Losing vegetation contributes to global warming, trees are
Oxygen sources.
• Carrying capacity – how long it takes for the Land to regenerate the
resources used by Humans in a year. U.S./Core overuses by 1.3 x’s carrying
capacity, using natural resources of Periphery – Forests, Oil, etc.
• Industrial resources – Core nations have rich mineral deposits that
underlie the Industrial Revolution & evolution of manufacturing.
Figure 7.3 Deforestation of rainforest in Cameroon.
Figure 7.2 PERIPHERY NATIONS have OIL. BUT Major
sources of energy are unevenly distributed.
9. %ofCultivableLandforAgriculture
• North of 30 degrees Latitude – “the North” with developed horizons,
post-glacial soils, moderate humid climates & mineral wealth
• South of 30 degrees Latitude – “the South” soils with less developed
horizons, iron accumulates at top, subtropical Arid & semi Arid
environments
• Tropical Rainforest soils are the most vulnerable to depletion & erosion.
DESERTS
DESERT
DESERT
STEPPE
30 S. Latitude30 S. Latitude
30 North Latitude
Equator Equator
Mid-latitude Mid-latitude
Mid-latitude
RainforestRainforest Rainforest
Rainforest
30 North Latitude
10. Sustainabledevelopment& Ecologicalfootprint
• Balancing environmental impacts & social equity
of distribution of costs & benefits of economic
growth. Nations in the periphery give up the rights to their
natural resources to enrich Core nations & corporations. Ex.: Chevron
in Nigeria. Why is Chevron profiting with the oil of Nigerians? Greed
& corruption
• Ecological footprint – 1980’s energy use & 2006
use of resources > supply by 40%
• Barriers to both:
• Reliance on fossil fuels
• Rate of Population growth in periphery nations
• Lack of Global leadership & Institutions to coordinate
& balance growth between core & periphery
12. Energy Access - Oil
• Oil is the single most important commodity in world trade
today. Importing Oil is a huge cost to nations without it:
• Most peripheral countries are energy poor.
• India, Ghana, Paraguay, Egypt & Armenia
• Semi-peripheral nations with Oil:
• Algeria, Ecuador, Gabon, Indonesia, Libya, Nigeria, Venezuela,
& the Persian Gulf Nations.
• Peak Discovery of Oil was in the 1960’s & demand exceeded
Oil Supply in 1981
• 15% of World’s Population in Core nations use 1/2 of all
commercial energy as much as 10x’s as Periphery Nations.
13. Traditional energy sources - Firewood
• 1.5 Billion People depend on collection Firewood for fuel =
Deforestation, Population pressure in Arid & Semi Arid
Subtropical Regions of AFRICA & ASIA
• Firewood = 20% of World’s Energy Consumption
• Up to 80% of energy use in Africa & Asia
• Cooking, Heating, Lighting, & some Industrial use
• 22 Countries – 100 Million People cannot meet energy needs
via Forests, 16 in Africa
• Global Distribution of Cultivable Land Factor in International
Ec. Dev.: ½ of Earth’s land is unsuitable for Farming
• Shallow soils, arid climates, high elevations