Example of Outline for Geography research article:
Amazonian Agriculturalists Bound by Subsistence Hunting. by Eric Minzenberg & Richard Wallace (2008) Published in: Journal of Cultural Geography, 28(1), 99-121.
This document summarizes the history of pastoral development in Tibetan rangelands, current policies, and future challenges. It describes how traditional nomadic pastoralism was replaced by Chinese communist collectives in the 1950s-60s, dividing animals and land. In the 1980s, a household responsibility system dissolved communes and redistributed animals. More recently, rangelands have been privatized and fenced, settling nomads. However, policies are often based on misconceptions and fail to recognize nomads' ecological knowledge. Improving pastoralism requires understanding nomadic systems and involving nomads in development.
Traditional food systems of indigenous peoples are based on local access to a diversity of naturally resilient food plants and animals adapted to the environment. However, these systems are threatened as diets and environments become unsustainable, leading to widespread hunger, malnutrition, and loss of biodiversity. Revitalizing traditional food systems can help address these issues through conserving agro-biodiversity, supporting smallholder farmers, and prioritizing local crops in place of imported processed foods that contribute to poor health outcomes and environmental degradation.
While bush meat consumption as a driver of deforestation has received international attention, understanding the roles played by women and men in the consumption of wild animals will be vital if the trade is to continue sustainably. This presentation gives an overview of CIFOR research on the roles and contributions of men and women in the hunting, trade, and consumption of bush meat within the value chain.
Robert Nasi, CIFOR Scientist and Leader of the CGIAR Research Programme on Forest, Trees, and Agroforestry (http://www.cifor.org/crp6/), gave this presentation at the first Africa Congress of the International Union of Forest Research Organisations (IUFRO) and the Forestry Network for sub-Saharan Africa (FORNESSA), held in Nairobi, Kenya in June 2012.
The document discusses biodiversity and threats in California such as habitat alteration and invasive species. It then describes Acterra's stewardship program which works to preserve and restore the Pearson-Arastradero Preserve, a 622 acre nature area near Palo Alto. The preserve contains three main habitat types and over 150 plant and animal species. Acterra relies on volunteers to conduct activities such as invasive weed removal, native plant restoration, and environmental education.
This document discusses forest management in the Peruvian Amazon and some of the challenges involved. 60% of Peru's territory is Amazonian forest, home to native groups with traditional knowledge of medicinal plants, fruits, fish, and timber. However, economic development through activities like gas extraction, agriculture, oil exploitation, timber, gold mining, and more have put pressure on the forest. Sustainable models of forest management are needed that balance economic needs with protection. Without changes, continued unsustainable practices could lead to a 4°C increase in global temperatures, severely reducing biodiversity and resources in Latin America.
The Victoria Regia is described as the largest water lily in the world, with leaves up to 3 meters in diameter that can hold 50 kg. Its white or pink blooms that appear at night have attracted poets and travelers. The Amazon Rainforest is estimated to contain over 50% of the world's plant and animal species, though a large percentage remain unknown to scientists. Around 500,000 indigenous Amazonians from approximately 500 tribes currently inhabit the region, including about 75 isolated uncontacted tribes. The climate features an average temperature of 30°C with a rainy season from mid-December to mid-May and dry season from mid-May to mid-December.
Marajo island is the very door to Amazonia. It stands at the mouth of Amazon river. Here, you cross the gateway to a new and strange world. As you see in these photographs shoot in the year 2.002 DC
The document provides instructions for sketching and coloring a figure using MS Paint in 16 colors or less. It describes how to:
1) Create a frame and use the pencil tool to sketch the figure on a light gray background, saving regularly.
2) Trace over the sketch with the line tool in black to create the final lines.
3) Save the file as black and white to remove the gray sketching lines before coloring.
4) Color the figure and add a dark background before combining it with the figure and signing it.
This document summarizes the history of pastoral development in Tibetan rangelands, current policies, and future challenges. It describes how traditional nomadic pastoralism was replaced by Chinese communist collectives in the 1950s-60s, dividing animals and land. In the 1980s, a household responsibility system dissolved communes and redistributed animals. More recently, rangelands have been privatized and fenced, settling nomads. However, policies are often based on misconceptions and fail to recognize nomads' ecological knowledge. Improving pastoralism requires understanding nomadic systems and involving nomads in development.
Traditional food systems of indigenous peoples are based on local access to a diversity of naturally resilient food plants and animals adapted to the environment. However, these systems are threatened as diets and environments become unsustainable, leading to widespread hunger, malnutrition, and loss of biodiversity. Revitalizing traditional food systems can help address these issues through conserving agro-biodiversity, supporting smallholder farmers, and prioritizing local crops in place of imported processed foods that contribute to poor health outcomes and environmental degradation.
While bush meat consumption as a driver of deforestation has received international attention, understanding the roles played by women and men in the consumption of wild animals will be vital if the trade is to continue sustainably. This presentation gives an overview of CIFOR research on the roles and contributions of men and women in the hunting, trade, and consumption of bush meat within the value chain.
Robert Nasi, CIFOR Scientist and Leader of the CGIAR Research Programme on Forest, Trees, and Agroforestry (http://www.cifor.org/crp6/), gave this presentation at the first Africa Congress of the International Union of Forest Research Organisations (IUFRO) and the Forestry Network for sub-Saharan Africa (FORNESSA), held in Nairobi, Kenya in June 2012.
The document discusses biodiversity and threats in California such as habitat alteration and invasive species. It then describes Acterra's stewardship program which works to preserve and restore the Pearson-Arastradero Preserve, a 622 acre nature area near Palo Alto. The preserve contains three main habitat types and over 150 plant and animal species. Acterra relies on volunteers to conduct activities such as invasive weed removal, native plant restoration, and environmental education.
This document discusses forest management in the Peruvian Amazon and some of the challenges involved. 60% of Peru's territory is Amazonian forest, home to native groups with traditional knowledge of medicinal plants, fruits, fish, and timber. However, economic development through activities like gas extraction, agriculture, oil exploitation, timber, gold mining, and more have put pressure on the forest. Sustainable models of forest management are needed that balance economic needs with protection. Without changes, continued unsustainable practices could lead to a 4°C increase in global temperatures, severely reducing biodiversity and resources in Latin America.
The Victoria Regia is described as the largest water lily in the world, with leaves up to 3 meters in diameter that can hold 50 kg. Its white or pink blooms that appear at night have attracted poets and travelers. The Amazon Rainforest is estimated to contain over 50% of the world's plant and animal species, though a large percentage remain unknown to scientists. Around 500,000 indigenous Amazonians from approximately 500 tribes currently inhabit the region, including about 75 isolated uncontacted tribes. The climate features an average temperature of 30°C with a rainy season from mid-December to mid-May and dry season from mid-May to mid-December.
Marajo island is the very door to Amazonia. It stands at the mouth of Amazon river. Here, you cross the gateway to a new and strange world. As you see in these photographs shoot in the year 2.002 DC
The document provides instructions for sketching and coloring a figure using MS Paint in 16 colors or less. It describes how to:
1) Create a frame and use the pencil tool to sketch the figure on a light gray background, saving regularly.
2) Trace over the sketch with the line tool in black to create the final lines.
3) Save the file as black and white to remove the gray sketching lines before coloring.
4) Color the figure and add a dark background before combining it with the figure and signing it.
Presentación de Dawn Morrison (Canadá) - Seminario Internacional Pueblos Indí...FAO
Presentación de Dawn Morrison (Canadá) en el marco del Seminario Internacional de Expertos sobre 'Diversidad Cultural, Sistemas Alimentarios y Estrategias Tradicionales de Vida' realizado del 4 al 6 de noviembre de 2014 en Cusco Perú.
Native American Foodsheds - Guest Speaker Brian PottsJenSantry
This document discusses barriers to urban agriculture from zoning regulations. It explains that while zoning aims to promote quality communities, the separation of land uses and focus on aesthetics sometimes unintentionally prohibit growing food at home. Modern lifestyles and economic needs have led many to take up small-scale farming as a hobby or business, but zoning has not always kept pace. The document explores how regulations around mixed uses, plant heights, and homeowners association rules can hinder front yard gardening. It raises questions about how to better support growing food where people live and whether communities can produce enough food locally.
This document provides an overview of Indigenous food strategies and sovereignty in Vancouver and the surrounding bioregion. It discusses the history of Indigenous peoples in the region and the loss of land and culture they experienced with colonization. It outlines traditional Indigenous food systems that were based on harvesting diverse plant and animal species from the land and water. The document also discusses current issues like food insecurity, poverty and lack of access to traditional foods faced by many Indigenous communities. It proposes potential strategies to increase Indigenous food sovereignty, such as securing land, restoring harvesting practices and traditional food spaces in the city.
The document describes the diversity of culture in Ecuador's Inter-Andean region. There are three main ethnic groups - Indigenous peoples, Mestizos, and a small Afro-Ecuadorian population. Almost the entire Indigenous population of Ecuador lives in this region and belongs to the Kichwa nation. Indigenous cultures express themselves through traditional clothing, housing, rituals, and festivals like Inti Raymi. Mestizo culture is a mix of Indigenous, European, and African influences seen in music. The region's cuisine also blends traditions.
Nomads in China have developed complex indigenous knowledge about rangeland management over centuries of herding livestock. Their traditional pastoral systems, using flexible grazing strategies and diverse herds, helped sustain China's rangelands. However, recent policies have disrupted these systems and degraded many rangelands. To develop rangelands sustainably, research must recognize nomads' knowledge and integrate their practices, as nomads are skilled rangeland managers adapted to local environments.
Presentación de Patrick Katelo (Kenya) - Seminario Internacional Pueblos Indí...FAO
Presentación de Patrick Katelo (Kenya) en el marco del Seminario Internacional de Expertos sobre 'Diversidad Cultural, Sistemas Alimentarios y Estrategias Tradicionales de Vida' realizado del 4 al 6 de noviembre de 2014 en Cusco Perú.
The Cultural Connections of Urban and Periurban Indigenous Communities to Tro...CIFOR-ICRAF
This document summarizes a study on the cultural connections of indigenous communities in Leticia, Colombia to the nearby tropical forest through bushmeat networks. It finds that while indigenous diets have changed with globalization and urbanization, bushmeat still plays an important role in food security, income, and culture for urban and periurban indigenous households. Bushmeat networks connect indigenous people to the forest and territories through hunting, sharing, and exchange at the household, maloca, market, restaurants, and airport. The networks maintain indigenous peoples' local knowledge and traditions while providing nutrition and economic benefits.
This document summarizes the challenges facing indigenous peoples around the world. It discusses how indigenous tribes have faced obstacles to preserving their way of life and natural habitats due to colonialism, exploitation of resources, and discrimination. The key issues addressed are linguistic and cultural preservation, exploitation of natural resources, environmental degradation, political autonomy, and discrimination. Examples are provided from Africa, Latin America, Asia, and North America to illustrate how indigenous groups have struggled to maintain their lands, languages, and customs in the face of globalization and unsustainable development practices that threaten their traditional ways of life.
This document provides the 2016 annual report for the Tribal Preservation Program. It discusses the growth in Tribal Historic Preservation Offices since 1996, which has outpaced available funding, resulting in lower average annual grants per office. The report highlights several grant awards provided to tribes to support cultural preservation projects. It also summarizes the accomplishments of the Tribal Historic Preservation Program in partnering with tribes to preserve important cultural resources and traditions. As the National Park Service looks to its second century, it aims to renew its engagement with tribes, youth, and other partners in cultural preservation.
The document discusses the history and current status of bison in North America. It describes how bison populations declined drastically in the late 19th century from an estimated 60 million to near extinction. It then explains the efforts of the Great Plains Buffalo/Bison Association to promote the sustainable raising of bison according to certain standards, including maintaining the genetic purity of the species and finishing bison on grass rather than in feedlots.
The document discusses the history and current status of bison in North America. It describes how bison populations declined drastically in the late 19th century from an estimated 60 million to near extinction. It then explains the efforts of organizations like Slow Food and the Great Plains Buffalo/Bison Association to promote the sustainable raising of bison according to certain standards around genetics, grass-feeding, and traceability in order to preserve the integrity and health of the species.
The Cultural Connections of Urban and Periurban Indigenous Communities to Tro...Fundsi88
Presentation by Blanca Yagüe at the symposium, "Innovative ways for conserving the ecosystem services provided by bushmeat" in the 51th Annual Meeting ATBC 2014 in Cairns, Australia.
Os direitos dos Povos Indígenas no Brasil e a história do Povo Ashaninka (Ama...Erika Fernandes-Pinto
Poster de trabalho apresentado por Érika Fernandes-Pinto e Benki Piyanko Ashaninka no 14o. Congresso Internacional de Etnobiologia, realizado em junho de 2014 no Butão.
This document discusses key characteristics of tribal communities around the world. It highlights that tribal societies emphasize strong kinship ties and communal living. They also have rich cultural traditions that are passed down through oral history traditions and deep connections to the natural environment. Understanding these characteristics is important for appreciating the diversity found in tribal societies.
B Moggridge IRS Cultural Flow Panel 27 Sept 11Moggo72
This document discusses the cultural value of water to Aboriginal people in Australia. It notes that Aboriginal people have a deep connection to water that is integral to their survival, traditions, and spirituality. However, Aboriginal water knowledge and values are often not adequately considered in water resource management. The concept of "cultural flows" is introduced to describe water entitlements that would help maintain Aboriginal cultural practices and connections to waterways, but this area requires more research to define cultural flows and identify Aboriginal water requirements. There are also significant gaps in understanding how water is used culturally and economically by Aboriginal communities.
Describes the PEF's model for a just and meaningful conservation partnership with Indigenous peoples through the equitable integration of Indigenous and scientific knowledge systems for biodiversity conservation and sustainable rural development
This document summarizes a paper about pastoralism in the Himalayas. It discusses three main pastoral groups in the region:
1) The Changpas nomads of Changthang in Ladakh who raise herds of sheep, goats, yaks, and horses.
2) The Gaddis of Bharmour in Himachal Pradesh who are agro-pastoralists raising large flocks of sheep and goats.
3) The Bhutias of North Sikkim who are also agro-pastoralists raising local cows, oxen, yaks, sheep, goats, and ponies.
These groups use high mountain pastures in different ways depending on their mobility
Preponderant Factors in the Conservation of the native-potatoes variability ...CIAT
Great potato variability is preserved by families and peasant communities in the Amaru, Chahuaytire and Viacha regions of Peru through cultural traditions. Ritualism and traditional knowledge play an important role in the yearly conservation cycle of potato varieties as they are distributed and fluctuate over time. Sustainable conservation of potato diversity can be achieved in an intercultural scenario through continued local agricultural practices.
- North American cities developed around a central business district with concentric zones of land use radiating outward. Residential areas further from the city center provided more space but less accessibility.
- Models of urban structure include the Chicago model of distinct zones and Hoyt's sector model. Contemporary cities show decentralization with edge cities and polycentric development.
- Issues facing North American cities include decaying infrastructure, poverty, and racial segregation leading to problems in inner cities. Sprawl and lack of planning also contribute to issues.
- European cities have lower skylines and more continuity based on centuries of development. Primate cities are disproportionately large national centers, usually capital cities.
- Islamic cities emphasize privacy and community
More Related Content
Similar to Article Outline: Amazonian Agriculturalists bound by Subsistence Hunting by Eric Minzenberg
Presentación de Dawn Morrison (Canadá) - Seminario Internacional Pueblos Indí...FAO
Presentación de Dawn Morrison (Canadá) en el marco del Seminario Internacional de Expertos sobre 'Diversidad Cultural, Sistemas Alimentarios y Estrategias Tradicionales de Vida' realizado del 4 al 6 de noviembre de 2014 en Cusco Perú.
Native American Foodsheds - Guest Speaker Brian PottsJenSantry
This document discusses barriers to urban agriculture from zoning regulations. It explains that while zoning aims to promote quality communities, the separation of land uses and focus on aesthetics sometimes unintentionally prohibit growing food at home. Modern lifestyles and economic needs have led many to take up small-scale farming as a hobby or business, but zoning has not always kept pace. The document explores how regulations around mixed uses, plant heights, and homeowners association rules can hinder front yard gardening. It raises questions about how to better support growing food where people live and whether communities can produce enough food locally.
This document provides an overview of Indigenous food strategies and sovereignty in Vancouver and the surrounding bioregion. It discusses the history of Indigenous peoples in the region and the loss of land and culture they experienced with colonization. It outlines traditional Indigenous food systems that were based on harvesting diverse plant and animal species from the land and water. The document also discusses current issues like food insecurity, poverty and lack of access to traditional foods faced by many Indigenous communities. It proposes potential strategies to increase Indigenous food sovereignty, such as securing land, restoring harvesting practices and traditional food spaces in the city.
The document describes the diversity of culture in Ecuador's Inter-Andean region. There are three main ethnic groups - Indigenous peoples, Mestizos, and a small Afro-Ecuadorian population. Almost the entire Indigenous population of Ecuador lives in this region and belongs to the Kichwa nation. Indigenous cultures express themselves through traditional clothing, housing, rituals, and festivals like Inti Raymi. Mestizo culture is a mix of Indigenous, European, and African influences seen in music. The region's cuisine also blends traditions.
Nomads in China have developed complex indigenous knowledge about rangeland management over centuries of herding livestock. Their traditional pastoral systems, using flexible grazing strategies and diverse herds, helped sustain China's rangelands. However, recent policies have disrupted these systems and degraded many rangelands. To develop rangelands sustainably, research must recognize nomads' knowledge and integrate their practices, as nomads are skilled rangeland managers adapted to local environments.
Presentación de Patrick Katelo (Kenya) - Seminario Internacional Pueblos Indí...FAO
Presentación de Patrick Katelo (Kenya) en el marco del Seminario Internacional de Expertos sobre 'Diversidad Cultural, Sistemas Alimentarios y Estrategias Tradicionales de Vida' realizado del 4 al 6 de noviembre de 2014 en Cusco Perú.
The Cultural Connections of Urban and Periurban Indigenous Communities to Tro...CIFOR-ICRAF
This document summarizes a study on the cultural connections of indigenous communities in Leticia, Colombia to the nearby tropical forest through bushmeat networks. It finds that while indigenous diets have changed with globalization and urbanization, bushmeat still plays an important role in food security, income, and culture for urban and periurban indigenous households. Bushmeat networks connect indigenous people to the forest and territories through hunting, sharing, and exchange at the household, maloca, market, restaurants, and airport. The networks maintain indigenous peoples' local knowledge and traditions while providing nutrition and economic benefits.
This document summarizes the challenges facing indigenous peoples around the world. It discusses how indigenous tribes have faced obstacles to preserving their way of life and natural habitats due to colonialism, exploitation of resources, and discrimination. The key issues addressed are linguistic and cultural preservation, exploitation of natural resources, environmental degradation, political autonomy, and discrimination. Examples are provided from Africa, Latin America, Asia, and North America to illustrate how indigenous groups have struggled to maintain their lands, languages, and customs in the face of globalization and unsustainable development practices that threaten their traditional ways of life.
This document provides the 2016 annual report for the Tribal Preservation Program. It discusses the growth in Tribal Historic Preservation Offices since 1996, which has outpaced available funding, resulting in lower average annual grants per office. The report highlights several grant awards provided to tribes to support cultural preservation projects. It also summarizes the accomplishments of the Tribal Historic Preservation Program in partnering with tribes to preserve important cultural resources and traditions. As the National Park Service looks to its second century, it aims to renew its engagement with tribes, youth, and other partners in cultural preservation.
The document discusses the history and current status of bison in North America. It describes how bison populations declined drastically in the late 19th century from an estimated 60 million to near extinction. It then explains the efforts of the Great Plains Buffalo/Bison Association to promote the sustainable raising of bison according to certain standards, including maintaining the genetic purity of the species and finishing bison on grass rather than in feedlots.
The document discusses the history and current status of bison in North America. It describes how bison populations declined drastically in the late 19th century from an estimated 60 million to near extinction. It then explains the efforts of organizations like Slow Food and the Great Plains Buffalo/Bison Association to promote the sustainable raising of bison according to certain standards around genetics, grass-feeding, and traceability in order to preserve the integrity and health of the species.
The Cultural Connections of Urban and Periurban Indigenous Communities to Tro...Fundsi88
Presentation by Blanca Yagüe at the symposium, "Innovative ways for conserving the ecosystem services provided by bushmeat" in the 51th Annual Meeting ATBC 2014 in Cairns, Australia.
Os direitos dos Povos Indígenas no Brasil e a história do Povo Ashaninka (Ama...Erika Fernandes-Pinto
Poster de trabalho apresentado por Érika Fernandes-Pinto e Benki Piyanko Ashaninka no 14o. Congresso Internacional de Etnobiologia, realizado em junho de 2014 no Butão.
This document discusses key characteristics of tribal communities around the world. It highlights that tribal societies emphasize strong kinship ties and communal living. They also have rich cultural traditions that are passed down through oral history traditions and deep connections to the natural environment. Understanding these characteristics is important for appreciating the diversity found in tribal societies.
B Moggridge IRS Cultural Flow Panel 27 Sept 11Moggo72
This document discusses the cultural value of water to Aboriginal people in Australia. It notes that Aboriginal people have a deep connection to water that is integral to their survival, traditions, and spirituality. However, Aboriginal water knowledge and values are often not adequately considered in water resource management. The concept of "cultural flows" is introduced to describe water entitlements that would help maintain Aboriginal cultural practices and connections to waterways, but this area requires more research to define cultural flows and identify Aboriginal water requirements. There are also significant gaps in understanding how water is used culturally and economically by Aboriginal communities.
Describes the PEF's model for a just and meaningful conservation partnership with Indigenous peoples through the equitable integration of Indigenous and scientific knowledge systems for biodiversity conservation and sustainable rural development
This document summarizes a paper about pastoralism in the Himalayas. It discusses three main pastoral groups in the region:
1) The Changpas nomads of Changthang in Ladakh who raise herds of sheep, goats, yaks, and horses.
2) The Gaddis of Bharmour in Himachal Pradesh who are agro-pastoralists raising large flocks of sheep and goats.
3) The Bhutias of North Sikkim who are also agro-pastoralists raising local cows, oxen, yaks, sheep, goats, and ponies.
These groups use high mountain pastures in different ways depending on their mobility
Preponderant Factors in the Conservation of the native-potatoes variability ...CIAT
Great potato variability is preserved by families and peasant communities in the Amaru, Chahuaytire and Viacha regions of Peru through cultural traditions. Ritualism and traditional knowledge play an important role in the yearly conservation cycle of potato varieties as they are distributed and fluctuate over time. Sustainable conservation of potato diversity can be achieved in an intercultural scenario through continued local agricultural practices.
Similar to Article Outline: Amazonian Agriculturalists bound by Subsistence Hunting by Eric Minzenberg (20)
- North American cities developed around a central business district with concentric zones of land use radiating outward. Residential areas further from the city center provided more space but less accessibility.
- Models of urban structure include the Chicago model of distinct zones and Hoyt's sector model. Contemporary cities show decentralization with edge cities and polycentric development.
- Issues facing North American cities include decaying infrastructure, poverty, and racial segregation leading to problems in inner cities. Sprawl and lack of planning also contribute to issues.
- European cities have lower skylines and more continuity based on centuries of development. Primate cities are disproportionately large national centers, usually capital cities.
- Islamic cities emphasize privacy and community
Maps of World Religions, Religion in the United States, cultural regions based on religion in the U.S., Diffusion of World Religions, Map of World Languages, Map of Language Families, Diffusion point of Language Families.
This document provides an overview of key concepts in the geography of food and agriculture, including:
- The origins and changes in agricultural practices from hunting/gathering to modern industrialized systems.
- The agricultural revolutions that introduced mechanization, chemicals, and manufacturing processes.
- The industrialization of agriculture including agribusiness and changes to rural labor.
- Globalization and the rise of alternative food movements focused on issues like food sovereignty.
- Emerging challenges around food insecurity, environmental degradation, and land grabs.
This document discusses key concepts related to economic development, including measures of economic growth like GDP and GNI. It describes major global economic shifts from agriculture to industry and socialism to capitalism. Core economic regions like North America and Europe are contrasted with peripheral regions that specialize more in agriculture, mining, and other primary activities. Major factors that influence economic development are discussed, such as availability of cultivable land, energy resources, and sustainability concerns regarding countries' ecological footprints.
This document summarizes key concepts in political geography from a human geography textbook chapter. It discusses different types of states like federal states, unitary states, and nation-states. It also covers geopolitical topics like decolonization, nationalism, and the North/South divide. Examples are given of disputed territories, changing borders in Europe, and colonialism in Africa and South America. Political concepts discussed include self-determination, regionalism, and separatist movements.
The document summarizes key concepts from Chapter 2 of a human geography textbook, including the evolution of modern world systems and increasing globalization. It describes the development of early agricultural societies in hearth areas and mini-systems, and the rise of world empires like Rome that incorporated many mini-systems. It then discusses the core-periphery structure of the modern world system that emerged from European colonialism and industrialization. Transnational corporations have come to play a major role in neocolonialism by concentrating economic control over global trade networks. The chapter also addresses increasing global interconnectedness through commodity chains and issues of environmental sustainability and cultural imperialism in the current era of globalization.
Ch 1 outline terms - Location and Spatial AnalysisSusan White
This document provides an introduction to cultural and human geography, focusing on location and spatial analysis. It discusses key concepts in geography including physical geography, human geography, and regional geography. It also covers key spatial concepts such as absolute and relative location measured by latitude and longitude. Other topics summarized include maps and cartography, distance, location including site and situation, landscapes, space, sense of place, accessibility, spatial interaction and diffusion, and types of diffusion processes.
This document summarizes key concepts from Chapter 2 of a geography textbook, including:
1) It outlines the evolution of human geography from early agricultural societies to the development of trade networks and empires in the premodern world.
2) It then discusses the rise of the modern world system starting in the 15th century, including European colonialism, imperialism, and the international division of labor that structured relationships between core and peripheral regions.
3) Finally, it examines contemporary globalization and increasing interconnectedness worldwide in terms of economic production, environmental and health issues, and the spread of Western culture and ideas.
Article #2 outline the geographical imaginationSusan White
This article examines the complex reasons for Brazilian immigration to the United States through a study of two migration corridors: from Governador Valadares, Minas Gerais to Framingham, Massachusetts and from Piracanjuba, Goias to Marietta, Georgia. The author conducted ethnographic interviews and observations of Brazilian immigrants in their homes and communities to understand their geographical imaginations and experiences migrating. Key findings were that immigrants migrated for reasons such as social mobility, family reunification, and escaping abusive relationships. Their decisions to migrate were influenced by perceptions of place, cultural identities, and desires for adventure or education in the United States.
Human geography 7 e_ch06_language_and_religion(1)Susan White
This document provides an overview of key concepts about the geographies of language, communication, and belief from Chapter 6. It discusses the origins and distributions of major world languages and language families. It also addresses the origins and spread of the world's major religions and how migration has impacted language and religious diffusion. Additionally, it examines topics like linguistic relationships, language endangerment, literacy, and the influences of globalization on communication and religion.
Human geography 7e lecture_ch11_urbanizationSusan White
This document provides an overview of key concepts related to urbanization and the global urban system. It discusses topics like urban expansion, gateway cities, central place theory, primacy, megacities, deindustrialization, and the relationship between cities and climate change. The document uses figures and diagrams to illustrate urbanization trends and patterns within and between urban places over time. It also provides examples and prompts for readers to apply their knowledge.
This document discusses economic activities and development around the world. It describes the primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary economic activities. It then examines geographical divisions of labor on national, regional and local levels. It discusses international trade and specialization between countries. It analyzes newly industrializing countries, Asian Tiger economies, and post-industrial economies. Finally, it explores concepts like globalization, international trade blocs, economic dependency, and fair trade alternatives.
A state is an independent political territory administered by a sovereign government and recognized internationally. It typically contains a permanent population, organized economy, and internal political structure. A nation is a cultural and linguistic identity that may or may not have its own state. Nation-states ideally have populations that share a common ethnicity, language, and culture, though minorities may be assimilated. The power of nation-states depends on controlling resources and populations to influence other states.
Human geography 7e lecture_ch05_cultureSusan White
This document provides an overview of key concepts in cultural geography, including culture as a geographical process, cultural complexes, cultural systems, culture and identity, and globalization. It discusses how culture is a shared set of meanings that is always evolving and impacted by globalization. Cultural geography examines the relationship between space, place, landscape, and culture. It also explores concepts like cultural landscapes, folk and popular culture, and how culture shapes and is shaped by place.
This document provides an overview of key concepts in population geography from a human geography textbook chapter, including definitions of census, demographics, population dynamics, migration patterns, population density, sustainable development, and more. It also summarizes models of population distribution and density, birth and death rates, the demographic transition theory, mobility and migration patterns, and debates around population and natural resources. Diagrams and tables are referenced to illustrate concepts like population pyramids, fertility rates, and population projections over time.
Human geography is the study of how human activity is spatially organized and how humans interact with their environment. Geographers use tools like maps, geographic information systems, and spatial analysis to understand relationships between location, culture, and the environment. Some key concepts in human geography include place, regions, diffusion, accessibility, and sense of place. Geographers study issues like globalization, development, and environmental concerns at various scales to help solve problems.
The binding of cosmological structures by massless topological defectsSérgio Sacani
Assuming spherical symmetry and weak field, it is shown that if one solves the Poisson equation or the Einstein field
equations sourced by a topological defect, i.e. a singularity of a very specific form, the result is a localized gravitational
field capable of driving flat rotation (i.e. Keplerian circular orbits at a constant speed for all radii) of test masses on a thin
spherical shell without any underlying mass. Moreover, a large-scale structure which exploits this solution by assembling
concentrically a number of such topological defects can establish a flat stellar or galactic rotation curve, and can also deflect
light in the same manner as an equipotential (isothermal) sphere. Thus, the need for dark matter or modified gravity theory is
mitigated, at least in part.
Comparing Evolved Extractive Text Summary Scores of Bidirectional Encoder Rep...University of Maribor
Slides from:
11th International Conference on Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering (IcETRAN), Niš, 3-6 June 2024
Track: Artificial Intelligence
https://www.etran.rs/2024/en/home-english/
The ability to recreate computational results with minimal effort and actionable metrics provides a solid foundation for scientific research and software development. When people can replicate an analysis at the touch of a button using open-source software, open data, and methods to assess and compare proposals, it significantly eases verification of results, engagement with a diverse range of contributors, and progress. However, we have yet to fully achieve this; there are still many sociotechnical frictions.
Inspired by David Donoho's vision, this talk aims to revisit the three crucial pillars of frictionless reproducibility (data sharing, code sharing, and competitive challenges) with the perspective of deep software variability.
Our observation is that multiple layers — hardware, operating systems, third-party libraries, software versions, input data, compile-time options, and parameters — are subject to variability that exacerbates frictions but is also essential for achieving robust, generalizable results and fostering innovation. I will first review the literature, providing evidence of how the complex variability interactions across these layers affect qualitative and quantitative software properties, thereby complicating the reproduction and replication of scientific studies in various fields.
I will then present some software engineering and AI techniques that can support the strategic exploration of variability spaces. These include the use of abstractions and models (e.g., feature models), sampling strategies (e.g., uniform, random), cost-effective measurements (e.g., incremental build of software configurations), and dimensionality reduction methods (e.g., transfer learning, feature selection, software debloating).
I will finally argue that deep variability is both the problem and solution of frictionless reproducibility, calling the software science community to develop new methods and tools to manage variability and foster reproducibility in software systems.
Exposé invité Journées Nationales du GDR GPL 2024
Travis Hills' Endeavors in Minnesota: Fostering Environmental and Economic Pr...Travis Hills MN
Travis Hills of Minnesota developed a method to convert waste into high-value dry fertilizer, significantly enriching soil quality. By providing farmers with a valuable resource derived from waste, Travis Hills helps enhance farm profitability while promoting environmental stewardship. Travis Hills' sustainable practices lead to cost savings and increased revenue for farmers by improving resource efficiency and reducing waste.
ESR spectroscopy in liquid food and beverages.pptxPRIYANKA PATEL
With increasing population, people need to rely on packaged food stuffs. Packaging of food materials requires the preservation of food. There are various methods for the treatment of food to preserve them and irradiation treatment of food is one of them. It is the most common and the most harmless method for the food preservation as it does not alter the necessary micronutrients of food materials. Although irradiated food doesn’t cause any harm to the human health but still the quality assessment of food is required to provide consumers with necessary information about the food. ESR spectroscopy is the most sophisticated way to investigate the quality of the food and the free radicals induced during the processing of the food. ESR spin trapping technique is useful for the detection of highly unstable radicals in the food. The antioxidant capability of liquid food and beverages in mainly performed by spin trapping technique.
When I was asked to give a companion lecture in support of ‘The Philosophy of Science’ (https://shorturl.at/4pUXz) I decided not to walk through the detail of the many methodologies in order of use. Instead, I chose to employ a long standing, and ongoing, scientific development as an exemplar. And so, I chose the ever evolving story of Thermodynamics as a scientific investigation at its best.
Conducted over a period of >200 years, Thermodynamics R&D, and application, benefitted from the highest levels of professionalism, collaboration, and technical thoroughness. New layers of application, methodology, and practice were made possible by the progressive advance of technology. In turn, this has seen measurement and modelling accuracy continually improved at a micro and macro level.
Perhaps most importantly, Thermodynamics rapidly became a primary tool in the advance of applied science/engineering/technology, spanning micro-tech, to aerospace and cosmology. I can think of no better a story to illustrate the breadth of scientific methodologies and applications at their best.
Phenomics assisted breeding in crop improvementIshaGoswami9
As the population is increasing and will reach about 9 billion upto 2050. Also due to climate change, it is difficult to meet the food requirement of such a large population. Facing the challenges presented by resource shortages, climate
change, and increasing global population, crop yield and quality need to be improved in a sustainable way over the coming decades. Genetic improvement by breeding is the best way to increase crop productivity. With the rapid progression of functional
genomics, an increasing number of crop genomes have been sequenced and dozens of genes influencing key agronomic traits have been identified. However, current genome sequence information has not been adequately exploited for understanding
the complex characteristics of multiple gene, owing to a lack of crop phenotypic data. Efficient, automatic, and accurate technologies and platforms that can capture phenotypic data that can
be linked to genomics information for crop improvement at all growth stages have become as important as genotyping. Thus,
high-throughput phenotyping has become the major bottleneck restricting crop breeding. Plant phenomics has been defined as the high-throughput, accurate acquisition and analysis of multi-dimensional phenotypes
during crop growing stages at the organism level, including the cell, tissue, organ, individual plant, plot, and field levels. With the rapid development of novel sensors, imaging technology,
and analysis methods, numerous infrastructure platforms have been developed for phenotyping.
Remote Sensing and Computational, Evolutionary, Supercomputing, and Intellige...University of Maribor
Slides from talk:
Aleš Zamuda: Remote Sensing and Computational, Evolutionary, Supercomputing, and Intelligent Systems.
11th International Conference on Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering (IcETRAN), Niš, 3-6 June 2024
Inter-Society Networking Panel GRSS/MTT-S/CIS Panel Session: Promoting Connection and Cooperation
https://www.etran.rs/2024/en/home-english/
BREEDING METHODS FOR DISEASE RESISTANCE.pptxRASHMI M G
Plant breeding for disease resistance is a strategy to reduce crop losses caused by disease. Plants have an innate immune system that allows them to recognize pathogens and provide resistance. However, breeding for long-lasting resistance often involves combining multiple resistance genes
What is greenhouse gasses and how many gasses are there to affect the Earth.moosaasad1975
What are greenhouse gasses how they affect the earth and its environment what is the future of the environment and earth how the weather and the climate effects.
This presentation explores a brief idea about the structural and functional attributes of nucleotides, the structure and function of genetic materials along with the impact of UV rays and pH upon them.
The use of Nauplii and metanauplii artemia in aquaculture (brine shrimp).pptxMAGOTI ERNEST
Although Artemia has been known to man for centuries, its use as a food for the culture of larval organisms apparently began only in the 1930s, when several investigators found that it made an excellent food for newly hatched fish larvae (Litvinenko et al., 2023). As aquaculture developed in the 1960s and ‘70s, the use of Artemia also became more widespread, due both to its convenience and to its nutritional value for larval organisms (Arenas-Pardo et al., 2024). The fact that Artemia dormant cysts can be stored for long periods in cans, and then used as an off-the-shelf food requiring only 24 h of incubation makes them the most convenient, least labor-intensive, live food available for aquaculture (Sorgeloos & Roubach, 2021). The nutritional value of Artemia, especially for marine organisms, is not constant, but varies both geographically and temporally. During the last decade, however, both the causes of Artemia nutritional variability and methods to improve poorquality Artemia have been identified (Loufi et al., 2024).
Brine shrimp (Artemia spp.) are used in marine aquaculture worldwide. Annually, more than 2,000 metric tons of dry cysts are used for cultivation of fish, crustacean, and shellfish larva. Brine shrimp are important to aquaculture because newly hatched brine shrimp nauplii (larvae) provide a food source for many fish fry (Mozanzadeh et al., 2021). Culture and harvesting of brine shrimp eggs represents another aspect of the aquaculture industry. Nauplii and metanauplii of Artemia, commonly known as brine shrimp, play a crucial role in aquaculture due to their nutritional value and suitability as live feed for many aquatic species, particularly in larval stages (Sorgeloos & Roubach, 2021).
Nucleophilic Addition of carbonyl compounds.pptxSSR02
Nucleophilic addition is the most important reaction of carbonyls. Not just aldehydes and ketones, but also carboxylic acid derivatives in general.
Carbonyls undergo addition reactions with a large range of nucleophiles.
Comparing the relative basicity of the nucleophile and the product is extremely helpful in determining how reversible the addition reaction is. Reactions with Grignards and hydrides are irreversible. Reactions with weak bases like halides and carboxylates generally don’t happen.
Electronic effects (inductive effects, electron donation) have a large impact on reactivity.
Large groups adjacent to the carbonyl will slow the rate of reaction.
Neutral nucleophiles can also add to carbonyls, although their additions are generally slower and more reversible. Acid catalysis is sometimes employed to increase the rate of addition.
Article Outline: Amazonian Agriculturalists bound by Subsistence Hunting by Eric Minzenberg
1. Article #7: Amazonian
Agriculturalists Bound by
Subsistence Hunting.
by Eric Minzenberg & Richard Wallace
Published in: Journal of Cultural Geography, 28(1), 99-
121.
1
Geography Topic: Subsistence - kinship
economies of the Amazonian Caboclo
communities, Natural Resource
Management in the Amazon Basin
2. Topic, Population & Setting:
• Topic: An ethnographic study of the Caboclo
community kinship systems of subsistence
hunting in the Amazon (Abstract – p. 99)
• Geographical Setting: Amazonian Caboclo
communities in Seringal Sao Salvador, western
Brazilian state of Acre, Amazon Basin
• Rural Brazil: Sustainable Development Project –
PDS, local resource management of wildlife
• Cultural systems: social conflict & cohesion of
Kinship - “non-market exchange of game meat
between rural households” (p. 100)
p. 99 – Abstract & Introduction, p. 103 – Study location map
2
4. 4
Resource Management Areas, Acre, Brazi
ubber Tapping – part of subsistence
conomy – supplement income
pok Trees – Western Brazilian Natural
Slash & Burn–
agriculture to su
5. Study Purpose, Objective & Rationale
• 1. What impact did the transition of Caboclo communities of
Sao Salvador, Brazil from the debt-peonage of rubber tapping
back to hunting kinship culture have on maintaining cultural-
environmental stability?
• 2. Researchers explore the significance of the Caboclo
settlement residents who are engaged in transitions of
subsistence to market-based agricultural production. (p. 102)
• Research Objective: Examine the socio-cultural dynamics of
subsistence hunting for Caboclo families in Sao Salvador, Brazil
Rationale:
Understanding the community of subsistence hunting and how
maintenance of kinship & meat exchange play a major role in
maintaining the ecosystem & support the Caboclo communities.
5
6. Cultural Geography of Caboclo Peoples
• Caboclo communities– Descendants of
miscegnation of Indigenous Peoples with the
Portuguese & Africans from NE Brazil (p. 99).
• Subsistence hunting- Term to describe non-
market living in the Amazon
• Deb-peonage system – Caboclo paid % of rubber
harvest to the land developers
• Kinship ties – beyond economic & into the inter-
household exchanges: “Social conflict & tension –
part of household meat exchange among families,
maintains cultural cohesion & stabilizes the physical
environment of western Amazon
6
7. Historical Background of Sao Salvador
Rubber economy from 1930’s to 1990 – The debt-
peonage rubber system required a rubber tapper or
“Seringueiro” to pay annual land-use fee of 50 mg of
rubber to the Patrao (Pedro de Morais). Estimates of 600
kg of rubber or 10% in payment to the de Morais family
(p. 102).
1980’s Morais family left Brazil, Caboclo had to make a
“livelihood transition” for each household & family:
Subsistence fishing & hunting & market sales of rubber &
local fish & meat
2005 –rubber tapping no longer the main economic
activity (p. 103)
7
8. Ethnography & Cultural Geography of Traditional Amazonian
Peoples
• The Researchers studied the culture of the Caboclo
communities by observation, interviews, and participation in
community councils
• Study indicates game hunting sustains natural environment &
inter-household ties
• Outside strategies such as animal rearing to conserve regional
wildlife backfire & disturb traditional “socio-economic
relationships in rural communities.”
• Study shows need for further ethnographic research to:
understand existing & emergence of “socio-cultural” cultures
in their “local contexts” i.e. the Caboclo communities in the
state of A
8
9. Management of common property
resources
• Kinship ties– intra-household connections are
a “regulatory mechanism” of exploitation of
meat & game resources in the PDS settlement
• Cattle Rearing – Land intensive, destroys
forest & displaces Indigenous People whose
culture & practices maintain the ecosystem.
• Deforestation – dislocates people & disrupts
linkages between households. Incredibly
destructive for short-term gain.
9
10. Commentary
• “Kinship ties” maintain relationships among
the People – hunting practice is the principal
mechanism through which kinship is enacted
and households are held together.
• PDS Sao Salvador environmental reserve
created to slow deforestation of subsistence
agriculture. Allow Caboclo communities to
maintain game hunting for sustenance & to
maintain sustainable socio-economic culture.
10