Downloaded 59 times
Uploaded byJessica Largado
Arteriviridae
This document summarizes information about Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus (PRRSV). PRRSV is an enveloped, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA virus that infects domestic pigs. It causes respiratory disease in piglets and reproductive failure in sows, resulting in increased pre-weaning mortality and fewer viable piglets born. The virus spreads between pigs through respiratory and bodily secretions. Diagnosis involves PCR or serological testing of samples like blood, tissues, and nasal swabs. Vaccination with live attenuated or inactivated vaccines can help prevent disease, as can testing, isolation, improved hygiene, and limiting introduction of new pigs.
More Related Content
Arteriviridae
- 2. •Derived from EquineAreteritis virus
- 3. •Spherical virions •50-70 nmin diameter •Enveloped •Linear positive sense •Single-stranded RNA •13-15 kb in size •Infectious genomic RNA
- 4.
- 5.
- 7. Order: Nidovirales Family: Arteriviridae Genus:Arterivirus Species: Equine Arterivirus Lactate Dehydrogenase Elevating virus Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus
- 8. •Replicate mostly inmacrophages •Very minimal in other cell types •Host range is highly restricted •Can subvert protective host innate immune responses •Apoptosis •IFN signaling pathways
- 9. •Receptors for PRRS 1.CD163 2.Sialoadhesin 3. Heparin Sulfate Glycosaminoglycans
- 10. CYTOPLASMIC •Attachment to host receptorsmediates clathrin-mediated endocytosis of the virus into the host cell.
- 11. •Fusion of virus membranewith the endosomal membrane. •ssRNA(+) genome is released into the cytoplasm.
- 12. •Synthesis and proteolysis of replicase polyproteins. •Replicationoccurs in viral factories. •A dsRNA genome is synthesized from the genomic ssRNA(+).
- 13.
- 14. •Assembly and buddi ngat the membranes of ER, intermediate compartments, and/or Golgi complex. •Release of new virions.
- 15. 1. Equine ViralArteritis 2. Porcine Reproductie and Respiratory Syndrome 3. Lactate Dehydrogenase Elevating Disease 4. Simian Hemorrhagic Fever
- 16.
- 17.
- 19. •1st designated as“mystery swine disease” •“lelystad virus”-Netherland •Causative virus first appeared-US, Asia, Europe
- 20. •Infects only domesticand wild pigs •initially characterized by •Anorexia •Fever •Lethargy
- 21. •Affected animals: •Dyspnea/ hyperpnea •Transienthyperemia •Cyanosis of the extremities
- 23. Dry sows-first monthof infection •Short periods of inappetence •The body temperature may be elevated
- 24. •Transient discoloration (blueing)of the ears •Premature births
- 25. •Sows in lategestation •Abortion •Premature births •Stillbirths •Mummified fetuses
- 27.
- 28. •More diarrhoea. •Less viablepiglets. •Increase in respiratory infections
- 29.
- 30. •Period of slightinappetence. •Mild coughing. •Hairy wasting pigs. •In some herds there are no symptoms.
- 31.
- 32. •Inappetence •Increased body temperature •Lethargy •Lossof libido •Lowered fertility •Poor litter sizes •Lowered sperm output
- 33. •Droplet contamination •Nasal secretions,saliva, feces and urine •Permanently populated houses •Movement of carrier pigs.
- 34. •Airborne transmission •Mechanical meansvia faeces, dust, droplets and contaminated equipment, etc. •Contaminated boots and clothing. •Vehicles. •Artificial insemination
- 35. •Mortality is high •Directcontact •Through secretions •Excretions •Transplacental transmission
- 36. PATHOGENESIS • virus replicatesin the macrophages of the lungs, lymphoid tissue and endothelial cells •Viremia-24 hours
- 37. Lesions of acuteinfection •Lymph node enlargement •Intestinal pneumonia
- 38. DISEAS CAUSATI ES VE AGENT SAMPLE/S DIAGNOSTIC TEST NASOPHARYNGEAL SWABS, BLOOD RT-PCR EQUINE VIRAL ARTERITIS EQUINE ARTERIVIRUS PORCINE REPRODUCT IEAND RESPIRATO RY SYNDROME PORCINE REPRODUCTIE AND RESPIRATORY SYNDROME VIRUS TISSUES LACTATE DEHYDROGE GENASE ELEVATNG DISEASE LACTATE DEHYDROGENA SE ELEVATNG VIRUS BLOOD SEROLOGICAL EXAMINATION SIMIAN SIMIAN WHOLE BLOOD REVERSE PLACENTAL TISSUES AND FLUIDS FROM FETAL LUNG, LIVER, LYMPHORECTICULAR TISSUES IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL TESTING HISTOCHEMICAL STAINING BLOOD SEROLOGICAL EXAMINATION
- 39. •Infected pigs areimmune to reinfection •Vaccination-live attenuated, inactivated •limit the frequency of seed stock introductions to the sow herd •assure that the replacement gilts be well-acclimatized to the PRRS virus
- 40. •Boars introduced intonegative herds should be quarantined for 60-90 days after purchase and confirmed negative serologically
- 41. •depopulate, clean anddisinfect the facilities and, after a few weeks, repopulate with stock free of PRRS
- 42. •Control is byexclusion •no specific treatment •Broad-spectrum antibiotics. •Anti-inflammatory products (e.g. aspirin)
- 43. • Other helpfultechniques • Early weaning and isolation of piglets •Regular serologic monitoring • Testing (ELISA, PCR and IFA) •Removal of persistent carriers in herds •improving biosecurity.