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ARTDM 171, Week 5:
   CSS Basics
          Gilbert Guerrero
        gguerrero@dvc.edu
gilbertguerrero.com/blog/artdm-171/
Please turn in homework

• Last weekʼs homework was to create
  a Web page
• Put files in a folder with your lastname
  and first initial
• Example:
       smith-h
        chapter7.html
Letʼs take a quiz!
Cascading Style Sheets
        (CSS)
Cascading Style Sheets

• Code that you add to your Web
  pages
• Separate presentation from structure
CSS Zen Garden
http://www.csszengarden.com
Parts of a Style Sheet
• Style Sheets are made up of CSS Rules
  selector [, selector2, ...]:pseudo-class {
      property: value;
  }
  /* comment */

• Each rule is made up of a Selector and a
  Declaration Block
• Each declaration in the declaration block is
  made up of a Property and a Value
Page Properties...
Dreamweaver fonts + CSS
Basic Stylesheet
<style type="text/css">
<!--
body, td, th {
    font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;
    font-size: 12px;
    color: #996600;
}
h1 {
    font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif;  
                                                          
font-size: 16px;
    color: #003366;
}
-->
</style>
CSS Selectors
Tags

• h1 {
      font-family: Georgia, Times, serif;    
      font-size: 16px;
      color: #003366;
  }
• <h1>My Website About Eating
  Food</h1>
ID – attributes within tags
•   Must be unique
•   When used in the <div> tag, separates sections of
    the page: header, nav, content, footer
•   #footer {
        font-family: Georgia, Times, serif;   
        font-size: 16px;
        color: #003366;
    }
•   <div id="footer">(c) 2009, BigShot Productions. All
    rights reserved.</div>
Class – attributes within tags

• Can be used several times on a Web
  page... Be careful of overuse
• .highlight {
      background-color: #FFCC00;
  }
•  <p class="highlight">Today I had
  coffee and did laundry.</p>
Pseudo-classes
    a:link {
        color: #FF0000;
    }
    a:visited {
        color: #00FF00;
    }
    a:hover {
        color: #0000FF;
    }
    <a href="index.html">back to home</a>

•   Be aware of ordering when using pseudo for rollover
    states
Firebug for Firefox
https://addons.mozilla.org/en-
    US/firefox/addon/1843
Using Selectors
Grouped Selectors
body, td, th { 
    color: #000000;
}


h1, h2, h3 { 
    color: #FF0000;
}
Specific tags with id or class
attributes
• This will affect only paragraphs that
  have an attribute class="highlight"
  p.highlight { 
      background-color: #fff; 
  }
  a.selected {
     font-weight: bold;
  }
Descendents
  a img { 
      border: 0; 
  }

• This will affect linked images only
Descendents
  p.highlight a { 
      font-weight: bold; 
  }

• This will affect links within paragraphs
  that have an attribute
  class=“hightlight”
Descendents
  #navigation ul li a:hover {
      background-color: #fff; 
  }

• This will affect links while hovering
  within a list in the navigation
  container
Fonts
Font Sizes
•   Pixels (px)
•   Ems (em)
•   Percentage (%)
•   Points (pt)
•   Picas (pica)
•   Inches (in)
•   Centimeters (cm)
•   Milimeters (mm)
Absolute Font Size: px

• Example:
  font-size: 12px;

• Not proportional to the viewing area. 
  Always the same.
Relative Font Size: em or %

• Example:
  font-size: 1.2em;
  font-size: 120%;

• Proportional to the viewing area.
Relative Font Sizing
•   Relative font sizing can be difficult to use. One strategy:
    •   Browser default sizing for fonts is roughly 16pt. 
    •   62.5% resets the default size to roughly 10pt, which
        makes it easier to do the math
         1em translates 10pt
         1.2em translates to 12pt
    body {
        font-size: 62.5%;
    }
    p{
        font-size: 1.2em; 
    }
Relative Font Sizing

• Nested elements affect each other
• If an element has a font size of 80%
  and is nested within an element that
  also has a font size of 80%, then the
  result is a font size of 64%
• That's 80% of 80%
• This could be a lot smaller than you
  might have wanted.
Embedded, Linked, and
  Inline Stylesheets
Embedded
    <html>
    <head>
    <style type="text/css">
    h1 {
        font-family: Georgia, Times, serif;
    }
    </style>
    </head>
    <body>
    </body>
    </html>
•   Embedded Style Sheet: are placed within the header,
    within a Web page
Linked
    <html>
    <head>
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="css/
       global.css" type="text/css" />
    </head>
    <body> 
    </body>
    </html>
•   Linked Style Sheet: All CSS rules are saved
    in a .css file
Inline
    <html>
    <head>
    </head>
    <body> 
    <p>What color is a cucumber?</p>
    <p style="color:#00FF00;font-
    weight:bold;">A cucumber is green.</p>
    </body>
    </html> 
•   Inline Styles: declarations can be placed within a
    single tag as a style attribute
Combining methods

• Embedded, linked, and inline styles
  can be combined in a single page
Group Projects
  Due March 9
Homework due March 2

• Read chapter “Graphics” in Web
 Style Guide
• Work on Group Projects
 Next week: formatting images for the
 Web
Thank You

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Artdm171 Week5 Css

  • 1. ARTDM 171, Week 5: CSS Basics Gilbert Guerrero gguerrero@dvc.edu gilbertguerrero.com/blog/artdm-171/
  • 2. Please turn in homework • Last weekʼs homework was to create a Web page • Put files in a folder with your lastname and first initial • Example:      smith-h chapter7.html
  • 5. Cascading Style Sheets • Code that you add to your Web pages • Separate presentation from structure
  • 7. Parts of a Style Sheet • Style Sheets are made up of CSS Rules selector [, selector2, ...]:pseudo-class { property: value; } /* comment */ • Each rule is made up of a Selector and a Declaration Block • Each declaration in the declaration block is made up of a Property and a Value
  • 9. Basic Stylesheet <style type="text/css"> <!-- body, td, th {     font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;     font-size: 12px;     color: #996600; } h1 {     font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif;     font-size: 16px;     color: #003366; } --> </style>
  • 11. Tags • h1 {     font-family: Georgia, Times, serif;     font-size: 16px;     color: #003366; } • <h1>My Website About Eating Food</h1>
  • 12. ID – attributes within tags • Must be unique • When used in the <div> tag, separates sections of the page: header, nav, content, footer • #footer { font-family: Georgia, Times, serif;    font-size: 16px;     color: #003366; } • <div id="footer">(c) 2009, BigShot Productions. All rights reserved.</div>
  • 13. Class – attributes within tags • Can be used several times on a Web page... Be careful of overuse • .highlight {     background-color: #FFCC00; } •  <p class="highlight">Today I had coffee and did laundry.</p>
  • 14. Pseudo-classes a:link {     color: #FF0000; } a:visited {     color: #00FF00; } a:hover {     color: #0000FF; } <a href="index.html">back to home</a> • Be aware of ordering when using pseudo for rollover states
  • 17. Grouped Selectors body, td, th {      color: #000000; } h1, h2, h3 {      color: #FF0000; }
  • 18. Specific tags with id or class attributes • This will affect only paragraphs that have an attribute class="highlight" p.highlight {      background-color: #fff;  } a.selected { font-weight: bold; }
  • 19. Descendents a img {      border: 0;  } • This will affect linked images only
  • 20. Descendents p.highlight a {      font-weight: bold;  } • This will affect links within paragraphs that have an attribute class=“hightlight”
  • 21. Descendents #navigation ul li a:hover {     background-color: #fff;  } • This will affect links while hovering within a list in the navigation container
  • 22. Fonts
  • 23. Font Sizes • Pixels (px) • Ems (em) • Percentage (%) • Points (pt) • Picas (pica) • Inches (in) • Centimeters (cm) • Milimeters (mm)
  • 24. Absolute Font Size: px • Example: font-size: 12px; • Not proportional to the viewing area.  Always the same.
  • 25. Relative Font Size: em or % • Example: font-size: 1.2em; font-size: 120%; • Proportional to the viewing area.
  • 26. Relative Font Sizing • Relative font sizing can be difficult to use. One strategy: • Browser default sizing for fonts is roughly 16pt.  • 62.5% resets the default size to roughly 10pt, which makes it easier to do the math  1em translates 10pt  1.2em translates to 12pt body {     font-size: 62.5%; } p{     font-size: 1.2em;  }
  • 27. Relative Font Sizing • Nested elements affect each other • If an element has a font size of 80% and is nested within an element that also has a font size of 80%, then the result is a font size of 64% • That's 80% of 80% • This could be a lot smaller than you might have wanted.
  • 28. Embedded, Linked, and Inline Stylesheets
  • 29. Embedded <html> <head> <style type="text/css"> h1 {     font-family: Georgia, Times, serif; } </style> </head> <body> </body> </html> • Embedded Style Sheet: are placed within the header, within a Web page
  • 30. Linked <html> <head> <link rel="stylesheet" href="css/ global.css" type="text/css" /> </head> <body>  </body> </html> • Linked Style Sheet: All CSS rules are saved in a .css file
  • 31. Inline <html> <head> </head> <body>  <p>What color is a cucumber?</p> <p style="color:#00FF00;font- weight:bold;">A cucumber is green.</p> </body> </html>  • Inline Styles: declarations can be placed within a single tag as a style attribute
  • 32. Combining methods • Embedded, linked, and inline styles can be combined in a single page
  • 33. Group Projects Due March 9
  • 34. Homework due March 2 • Read chapter “Graphics” in Web Style Guide • Work on Group Projects Next week: formatting images for the Web

Editor's Notes