Photocatalytic degradation of some organic dyes under solar light irradiation...Iranian Chemical Society
Nanoparticles of the ZnO and TiO2 were synthesized and the physicochemical properties of the compounds were characterized by IR, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The XRD patterns of the ZnO and TiO2 nanoparticles could be indexed to hexagonal and rutile phase, respectively. Aggregated nanoparticles of ZnO and TiO2 with spherical-like shapes were observed with particle diameter in the range of 80-100 nm. These nanoparticles were used for photocatalytic degradation of various dyes, Rhodamine B (RhB), Methylene blue (MB) and Acridine orange (AO) under solar light irradiation at room temperature. Effect of the amount of catalyst on the rate of photodegradation was investigated. In general, because ZnO is unstable, due to incongruous dissolution to yield Zn(OH)2 on the ZnO particle surfaces and thus leading to catalyst inactivation,the catalytic activity of the system for photodegradation of dyes decreased dramatically when TiO2 was replaced by ZnO.
It is a multi-element analysis technique that will separate a sample into its constituent atoms and ions and excite it to a higher energy level.
Cause them to emit light with a distinct wavelength, which will be analyzed.
Photocatalytic degradation of some organic dyes under solar light irradiation...Iranian Chemical Society
Nanoparticles of the ZnO and TiO2 were synthesized and the physicochemical properties of the compounds were characterized by IR, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The XRD patterns of the ZnO and TiO2 nanoparticles could be indexed to hexagonal and rutile phase, respectively. Aggregated nanoparticles of ZnO and TiO2 with spherical-like shapes were observed with particle diameter in the range of 80-100 nm. These nanoparticles were used for photocatalytic degradation of various dyes, Rhodamine B (RhB), Methylene blue (MB) and Acridine orange (AO) under solar light irradiation at room temperature. Effect of the amount of catalyst on the rate of photodegradation was investigated. In general, because ZnO is unstable, due to incongruous dissolution to yield Zn(OH)2 on the ZnO particle surfaces and thus leading to catalyst inactivation,the catalytic activity of the system for photodegradation of dyes decreased dramatically when TiO2 was replaced by ZnO.
It is a multi-element analysis technique that will separate a sample into its constituent atoms and ions and excite it to a higher energy level.
Cause them to emit light with a distinct wavelength, which will be analyzed.
It is a multi-element analysis technique where The ICP source converts the atoms of the elements in the sample to ions. These ions are then separated and detected by the mass spectrometer
Introduction to Activation analysis using Neutron
Baisc Principle of NAA
Instrumental NAA
Characteristics of INAA
Advantages, Limitation and Applications of INNA
It is a multi-element analysis technique where The ICP source converts the atoms of the elements in the sample to ions. These ions are then separated and detected by the mass spectrometer
Introduction to Activation analysis using Neutron
Baisc Principle of NAA
Instrumental NAA
Characteristics of INAA
Advantages, Limitation and Applications of INNA
Low Cost Design of Arsenic Removal from Groundwater in BangladeshKevin Banahan
Low-Cost Design of Arsenic Removal from Groundwater
Jeremy Kozub*, Kevin Banahan*, Jesse Amsel*
*Wentworth Institute of Technology, Environmental Engineering Program, Class of 2005 (Jack Duggan, Ph.D., P.E., faculty advisor)
For this project, a student team designed and evaluated treatment alternatives for the removal of arsenic from groundwater used in developing countries. The application of sorption technologies was evaluated using bench-scale testing of a range of sorption materials, support media and differing contact geometries. Sorption capacity of treatment units were designed to accommodate the daily consumption of individual families using a community well in Bangladesh.
Until the early 1990's, there was little awareness that groundwater in Bangladesh contained high levels of arsenic. The adverse health affects of chronic exposure to arsenic are well documented. Although current technologies to treat arsenic in groundwater exist, there are economic, social and cultural factors that prevent these technologies from being used in Bangladesh. This project focused on developing a low-cost alternative technology that could be readily assembled and implemented by local villagers.
As a capstone project for the environmental engineering program at Wentworth of Technology, this project has been performed by three students under the supervision of a faculty advisor. Students applied previous coursework in the areas of economics, engineering theory and application, design, communication skills and ethical principles to complete this project. The project was performed in collaboration with external non-profit and non-governmental organizations. The goal of this project is to further develop the creation of a low-cost system that will become available to large populations of those in need.
Fluoride and Arsenic in Ground water.
Causes for groundwater pollution.
Fluoride in groundwater , sources for fluoride , Health implications.
Arsenic in groundwater , sources for arsenic , Health implications.
A brief presentation on Arsenic poisoning encompassing 40 slides - also included is a quiz on toxicology at the end. This a special article from Telugudoctors.co.in; Hope you find it useful and informative. We have tried to make it as attractive, brief and informative as possible. Your advice would be useful in perfecting our future slides.
Arsenic contamination is a big threat to a huge population of in the Gangetic plains.of Bihar.Most of the mitigation intiatives are failures in Bihar.A few alternative mitigation strategy is suggested.
I) What is ArsenicArsenic is a widely distributed element in .docxsleeperharwell
I) What is Arsenic?
Arsenic is a widely distributed element in the earth's crust and is recognized as a toxic and carcinogenic substance. Arsenic is widely used as a pesticide, herbicide, wood preservative, semiconductor material, and feed additive. These anthropogenic pathways have introduced large amounts of arsenic into the environment, increasing the concentration and distribution of arsenic in environmental water bodies. In recent years, in some countries, especially Bangladesh, China, and Mongolia drinking water sources are found in concentrations that can lead to acute and chronic human poisoning of arsenic. Therefore, the arsenic in drinking water has caused great concern. Given the great danger of arsenic to human health and the increasing severity of arsenic pollution, in 1993, the WHO took the lead in the indicator value of arsenic in drinking water from 50 μg / L to 10 μg / L. Subsequently, the European Union, Japan, the United States, respectively, their drinking water arsenic standards for 10 μg / L.
1. Chemical properties of arsenic in water bodies
In the aqueous environment, the two common oxidation states of arsenic are As(V) and As (III). (As(V) is oxygenated surface water and As (III)is the main form of arsenic in groundwater, while As(III) is the form of arsenic in anoxic groundwater. When the pH was in the neutral range, As(III) was mainly present in the form of H3 AsO3, while As(V) was present in the form of H2 AsO4 – and HAsSO4 2-. Therefore, in the typical pH range of water (pH = 5 to 8), As(V) exists in the form of anions, while As (III) exists in the form of neutral molecules. Therefore, the drinking water arsenic removal technology will involve the removal of arsenic in 2 different
vale nice states and the presence of forms.
2. Research progress of the arsenic removal process
2.1 Coagulation and flocculation method
Coagulation and precipitation method because of its easy to use, easy to grasp, and accept and become the most widely used, the most widely used arsenic drinking water treatment method. The most common coagulants are iron salts and aluminum salts. Many studies have shown that the coagulation and precipitation method in addition to the arsenic effect and the oxidation state of arsenic in water, the initial concentration of arsenic, the type and dose of coagulant, water quality conditions, and other factors. as (Ⅲ) removal effect is poor As (V) removal rate is higher. The oxidation of As (Ⅲ) to As (V) can improve the removal rate of arsenic. When the initial concentration of As (Ⅲ) <0∙8 mg/L, sodium hypochlorite 1∙25 mg/L can effectively oxidize As (Ⅲ) into As (V) to achieve the same removal effect as As (V). (1) If the use of perchlorate coagulant, it can replace the sodium hypochlorite and iron salt 2 reagents to simplify the treatment method and perchlorate oxidation capacity than sodium hypochlorite, potassium permanganate, etc. stronger, in the oxidation process will not produce secondary p.
Introduction, images of Arsenic, Industrial Uses and pollution sources, Speciation of Arsenic, Environmental levels and ecological effects, Biochemical effects, toxicology and toxicity, Treatment for Arsenic poisoning, Control measures.
Arsenic removal from water using activated carbon derived from peltophorum pt...eSAT Journals
Abstract
The removal of Arsenic from synthetic sample by adsorption on chemical activated carbon prepared from Peltophorum Pterocarpum
(Copper pod) fruit have been carried out at room temperature 32 ± 1oC. Batch tests were conducted for the removal of Arsenic on
chemically activated (Calcium chloride) carbon with Impregnation ratio’s (I.R) 0.25, 0.50 and 0.75 for optimum time, optimum
dosage and optimum pH. The maximum removal efficiency was obtained at an I.R. ratio of 0.75 and hence an I.R. of 0.75 has been
taken for all the batch and column adsorption tests conducted. The optimum contact time, adsorbent dose and pH for carbon with I.R-
0.75 was 10min, 75mg and 8.75, respectively, with arsenic removal efficiency of 97.32%, 99.33% and 99.33% respectively has been
observed. Further, results of adsorption column studies data showed best fit with Freundlich Isotherm.
Keywords: Arsenic, Activated carbon, Peltophorum Pterocarpum, Calcium chloride, and Freundlich Isotherm.
Arsenic removal from water using activated carbon derived from peltophorum pt...eSAT Journals
Abstract
The removal of Arsenic from synthetic sample by adsorption on chemical activated carbon prepared from Peltophorum Pterocarpum
(Copper pod) fruit have been carried out at room temperature 32 ± 1oC. Batch tests were conducted for the removal of Arsenic on
chemically activated (Calcium chloride) carbon with Impregnation ratio’s (I.R) 0.25, 0.50 and 0.75 for optimum time, optimum
dosage and optimum pH. The maximum removal efficiency was obtained at an I.R. ratio of 0.75 and hence an I.R. of 0.75 has been
taken for all the batch and column adsorption tests conducted. The optimum contact time, adsorbent dose and pH for carbon with I.R-
0.75 was 10min, 75mg and 8.75, respectively, with arsenic removal efficiency of 97.32%, 99.33% and 99.33% respectively has been
observed. Further, results of adsorption column studies data showed best fit with Freundlich Isotherm.
Keywords: Arsenic, Activated carbon, Peltophorum Pterocarpum, Calcium chloride, and Freundlich Isotherm.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Arsenic is a heavy metal occurring naturally in the environment. It's low concentration is important for various life processes on the Earth but the misuse and overexploitation of mineral resources caused the arsenic contamination to natural resources, which in turn get exposed to living beings causing various toxicity problems and severe health issues. Arsenic has not remained an important mineral for sustaining life but it becomes a category pollutant for which heavy precautions should be taken to avoid an exposure.
water contamination, affects of arsenic on human health, reactivity of arsenic, sources of arsenic, natural and human induced sources of arsenic, arsenic bearing minerals, rocks containing arsenic, health affects of arsenic, redox and oxidation of arsenic
Adsorption of arsenic from water - Bayoxide® E 33LANXESS
It is more imperative than ever to have a treatment process capable of effectively removing arsenic from drinking water.
LANXESS has developed an iron oxide with the brand name Bayoxide® E 33 specifically for the removal of arsenic from drinking water and non-drinking water sources. More under www.bayferrox.com
Clinical symptoms and management of Arsenic poisoningSoujanya Pharm.D
This presentation includes Introduction & physical appearance of arsenic, usual fatal dose, toxicokinetics and mode of action of arsenic, Clinical (toxic) symptoms, diagnosis and management of Arsenic poisoning
Arsenic is well known under desirable hand harmful due to its toxic nature, it poses the serious health hazard, which is present in medical substance, many qualitative and quantitative test for arsenic known, however Pharmacopoeia method is based on ‘Gutzeit Method’.
Concentration of arsenic beyond 0.01 mg/L in pollutant by the World Health Organization (WHO).
Reasons:
• Stannous chloride is used for complete evolution of arsine.
• Zinc, potassium iodide and stannous chloride is used as a reducing agent.
• Hydrochloride acid is used to make the solution acidic.
• Lead acetate pledger or papers are used to trap any hydrogen sulphide, which may be evolved along with arsine.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
This presentation includes basic of PCOS their pathology and treatment and also Ayurveda correlation of PCOS and Ayurvedic line of treatment mentioned in classics.
বাংলাদেশের অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা ২০২৪ [Bangladesh Economic Review 2024 Bangla.pdf] কম্পিউটার , ট্যাব ও স্মার্ট ফোন ভার্সন সহ সম্পূর্ণ বাংলা ই-বুক বা pdf বই " সুচিপত্র ...বুকমার্ক মেনু 🔖 ও হাইপার লিংক মেনু 📝👆 যুক্ত ..
আমাদের সবার জন্য খুব খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই ..বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ইউনিভার্সিটি ভর্তি ও যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতা মূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য এর খুব ইম্পরট্যান্ট একটি বিষয় ...তাছাড়া বাংলাদেশের সাম্প্রতিক যে কোন ডাটা বা তথ্য এই বইতে পাবেন ...
তাই একজন নাগরিক হিসাবে এই তথ্য গুলো আপনার জানা প্রয়োজন ...।
বিসিএস ও ব্যাংক এর লিখিত পরীক্ষা ...+এছাড়া মাধ্যমিক ও উচ্চমাধ্যমিকের স্টুডেন্টদের জন্য অনেক কাজে আসবে ...
3. Team Members- The Arsenic Group
• SKV
Shreyash Rai
Gaurav Agrawal
Saurav Pandey
4. Contents
1. Arsenics – The metalloid
2. Arsenate Poisoning
3. Arsenic contamination of ground water
4. Chemical Sensing -Fluorophore and
receptor
5. What is APC-Merrified Polymer
6. Detection of Arsenic
7. Estimation of Arsenic Concentration
8. Removal of Arsenic from Drinking water
7. Chemical Properties
• When heated in air, arsenic oxidizes to arsenic
trioxide; the fumes from this reaction have an odor
resembling garlic.
• This odor can be detected on striking arsenide
minerals such as arsenopyrite with a hammer.
• Arsenic sublimes upon heating at atmospheric
pressure, converting directly to a gaseous form
without an intervening liquid state at 887 K (614
°C.Arsenic makes arsenic acid with concentrated
nitric acid, arsenious acid with dilute nitric acid, and
arsenic trioxide with concentrated sulfuric acid.
8. 2. Arsenic Poisoning
• Arsenic poisoning is a medical condition
caused by elevated levels of arsenic in the
body.
• The dominant basis of arsenic poisoning is
from ground water that naturally contains
high concentrations of arsenic.
• A 2007 study found that over 137 million
people in more than 70 countries are
probably affected by arsenic poisoning from
drinking water
10. Biological Action
• Arsenic interferes with cellular longevity by
inhibition of an essential metabolic enzyme
pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) complex,
which catalyzes the oxidation of pyruvate to
acetyl-CoA by NAD+.
• With the enzyme inhibited, the energy
system of the cell is disrupted resulting in a
cellular apoptosis episode.
11. Signs and Symptoms
• Symptoms of arsenic poisoning begin with
headaches, confusion, severe diarrhea, and
drowsiness.
• As the poisoning develops, convulsions and
changes in fingernail pigmentation called
leukonychia striata may occur. Aldrich Mee’s lines
(leuchoparonychia) on nails are also seen.
• When the poisoning becomes acute, symptoms
may include diarrhea, vomiting, blood in the urine,
cramping muscles, hair loss, stomach pain, and
more convulsions. The organs of the body that are
usually affected by arsenic poisoning are the lungs,
skin, kidneys, and liver.
12. Ground Water Contamination
• Arsenic contamination of groundwater is often due
to naturally occurring high concentrations of arsenic
in deeper levels of groundwater.
• It is a high-profile problem due to the use of deep
tubewells for water supply in the Ganges Delta,
causing serious arsenic poisoning to large numbers
of people
• A 2007 study found that over 137 million people in
more than 70 countries are probably affected by
arsenic poisoning of drinking water
13. Occurence in Water
• However, cationic As(III) species rarely exist in the
environment; rather, toxic arsenic species existing
in the environment are either [HAsO4]2− (AsV ) or
[HAsO3]2− (AsIII ).
• Although inorganic arsenic species(AsIII and AsV )
are present to a greater extent in natural water,
lesser amounts of Monomethylarsonic acid(MMA)
and Dimethylarsonic acid (DMA) also exist
• . Arsenic acid tends to exist as the ions [HAsO4]2−
and [H2AsO4]− in neutral water, whereas arsenous
acid is not ionized.These occur due to erosion of
arsenic rocks.
14. Contaminated Forms
•
Arsenic Acid Arsenous Acid
Arsenic and Arsenous Acids and their derivatives
are responsible for ground water contamination
20. 5. APC-Merrifield Polymer
• Merrifield Resin is a polystyrene resin
based on a copolymer of styrene and
chloromethylstyrene.
• In addition, this polymer is also cross-
linked with divinylbenzene present in
the monomer composition up to 5%
APC is appended on chloromethyl
polystyrene polymer
27. Detection of intracellular arsenate
• The arsenate compounds may exist as free ions in
the water or may be found combined with one or
more organism.
• Many bacteria has arsenic components in their cell.
This is called intracellular arsenic. Even this
arsenate in cells can be detected by APC sensors.
• The APC is cell permeable and generates bright
green fluorescence upon interaction with
intracellular arsenate. Hence the APC can be
useful in detection of intracellular arsenate
28. 8. Removal Of Arsenic
• Removal of arsenate from drinking water is done by
using APC-Merrifield polymer. The drinking water is
passed through syringe column containing merrifield
polymer.
• The concentration of arsenate was measured in the
effluent using the developed method. Moreover,
arsenate sorbed polymer beads were subjected to SEM
and fluorescence microscopy. The results indicate that
the polymer can efficiently remove the arsenate present
in the water.
• Additionally, both the images indicated that arsenate
has been sorbed onto the resin as the color of the
fluorescence image turned green and the morphology
and surface of the bead abruptly changed. The further
testing of purified water showed very less concentration
of arsenic hence supporting the process.
29. Arsenate contaminated water
APC functionalised
merrified polymer+arsenate
Turn on Fluroscence
Arsenate contaminated
water APC stained microbes grown in
As contaminated water
30. Arsenic treatment
• Coagulation/filtration (also known as flocculation)
removes arsenic by coprecipitation and adsorption
using iron coagulants. Coagulation/filtration using
alum is already used by some utilities to remove
suspended solids and may be adjusted to remove
arsenic.
• Iron oxide adsorption filters the water through a
granular medium containing ferric oxide. Ferric
oxide has a high affinity for adsorbing dissolved
metals such as arsenic. The iron oxide medium
eventually becomes saturated, and must be
replaced.
32. Arsenic treatment
• Activated Alumina is an adsorbent that effectively
removes arsenic. Activated alumina columns
connected to shallow tube wells in India and
Bangladesh have removed both As(III) and As(V)
from groundwater for decades
• Ion Exchange has long been used as a water-
softening process, although usually on a single-
home basis. Traditional anion exchange resins are
effective in removing As(V)
• Both Reverse osmosis and electrodialysis (also
called electrodialysis reversal) can remove arsenic
with a net ionic charge.
33. APPLICATIONS
• This method can be used to detect arsenic in the
form of arsenate ions from groundwater. Even the
intracellular arsenic present inside cells of bacteria
can also be detected by this method.
• The sensor can be used to calculate and maintain
the composition of arsenic in medicines used by
people. Further applications includes determination
of the arsenic concentration in arsenic based
pesticides.
• It can also be used to get the arsenic composition
in arsenic based semiconductors like Gallium-
Arsenic which is used as LED and in solar panels
34. Conclusion
• APC, a new low cost arsenate sensor with visible
light excitation can detect as low as 0.001 mM
arsenate.
• Estimation of Arsenate concentration is obtained
from the plot of intensity vs concentration.
• Removal of arsenate concentration is done by APC-
implanted Merrified polymer.
• Simultaneous detection, determination and removal
of arsenate by fluorescence method using a single
substance are reported for the 1st time.
• The presence of other ions doesn’t affect the
detection process of arsenate by APC sensor.
• The method can be used to remove arsenate
impurities from water and make it fit for drinking.