The ARRIVE guidelines were created by the National Centre for the Replacement, Refinement and Reduction of Animals in Research to improve reporting standards for preclinical studies. The guidelines provide a checklist of essential information to include in preclinical study manuscripts, such as the species, strain and characteristics of animals used, experimental methods, results with measures of precision, and implications for the 3Rs of animal research. While some items may not apply to all studies, the checklist aims to promote transparent, accurate and reproducible reporting of preclinical research.

2. The scientific communication industry has advanced leaps and
bounds. However, things have changed little regarding the drug
development process. Many researchers and scientists do not
publish the negative findings of a preclinical study.
All forms of research – preclinical, clinical, animal or human
based, and with both positive and negative outcomes demand a
reliable reporting. But, this doesn’t happen due to the absence of
specific requirements/guidelines for reporting the research
studies. This is more important regarding the preclinical
studies which form the base for further research on a particular
drug.
Preclinical Study Reporting

3. The National Centre for the Replacement,
Refinement and Reduction of Animals in
Research has planned the ARRIVE
guidelines to improve the way preclinical
studies are reported, to maximize the
information published and minimize the
unnecessary details.

4. The Objectives of ARRIVE Guidelines
Improve the reporting of preclinical research using animals
Guide the authors about the essential information to include
in their manuscript
Provide flexibility to accommodate various research areas
and experimental protocols irrespective of their findings
Promote transparent, accurate, complete, concise, well-
written, and reproducible manuscripts
Improve the communication of the research findings to the
scientific community

5. ARRIVE Guidelines Checklist
As per the checklist, each section of the manuscript
has a pre-defined recommendation on what to
include and what to avoid.

6. 1) Title
Write a concise and accurate description of
what the article contains.
2) Abstract
Write an accurate summary of the background
and research objectives. It should include
details of the species or the strain of the animal
used, key methods, principal findings, and
conclusions of the study

7. 3) Introduction
Provide sufficient and relevant references to the
previous work related to the research topic
Explain the experimental approach and its
rationale
Explain how and why the species of animals
used in the experiment can address the scientific
objectives and its relevance to human biology
Describe the primary and secondary objectives of
the study

8. 4) Methods Used
Give an ethical statement about the review permissions,
relevant licenses and guidelines taken care of for the use
of animals in the study
Give a brief of the study design and include the number
of experimental and control groups, the experimental unit,
and the steps taken to reduce bias in conducting the study
or reporting the results
Write all the details about the experimental and control
groups like the site of drug administration, time of the day,
details of any specific equipment used, etc.
Give details of the species, strain, sex, weight and the
developmental stage of the animals used in the study.

9. 5) Results
Report the number of animals in each analysis in
absolute numbers
Explain if youexclude any animals or data in the
analysis
Report the results of each analysis with a measure of
precision
Quote any important adverse events that occur during
an experiment. Describe the modifications made in the
experimental protocols to control these adverse events

10. 6) Discussion
While quoting the results interpretations, take into
account the study objectives and hypotheses, current
theory, and other relevant studies in the literature.
Describe any study limitations like potential sources
of bias, limitations of the animal model, and any
inaccuracy of results
Include the implications of your experimental
methods or findings for the replacement, refinement
and reduction (the 3Rs) of the use of animals in
research.

11. Though some items on the checklist can’t be
applied to all the studies, it provides a valuable
reference to those who prepare or review the
manuscript of a preclinical study.

12. Email ID: project@cognibrain.com
Phone: 044-49595223
Visit us: https://www.cognibrain.com/