oin Heba Ahmed and Drew Willms for Soil Steel Structures & End Treatments – Design Basics. The presenters will begin with an overview of the benefits of buried plate structures and will then go over design basics, coating options, shapes and custom fittings. They will finish up with reviewing the necessity of, and best practices in, end-treatment selection. Various soil steel structures will be highlighted including Bridge-Plate, Multi-Plate, Bin-Wall and Sheeting as well as different wall materials used as end treatments. Who Should Attend Bridge / Structural Engineers Road & Transportation Engineers Road Superintendents Provincial Departments of Transport Earthworks & Highways Contractors Mining Contractors Mining Engineers Municipal Engineers Forestry Contractors What You'll Learn Benefits and applications of buried plate structures Design considerations Choosing the right coating for the project application End treatment options and selection criteria Review of case studies and applications across Canada

1. Dominic Turner, Ing./Eng.
National Sales Engineer
Armtec
Drainage Solutions
Frank Klita
Senior Sales Representative
Armtec
Drainage Solutions
Heba Ahmed, P. Eng.
National Product
Development Manager
/Regional Engineer
Armtec
Drainage Solutions
Drew Willms
Regional Engineer
Armtec
Drainage Solutions
FRIDAY NOVEMBER 25, 2016 / 9AM PST / 11AM CST / 12PM EST
TECHNICAL WEBINAR
SOIL STEEL STRUCTURES & END TREATMENTS
DESIGN BASICS

2. YOUR HOST
Janine Yetke
Director of Marketing
Armtec, Drainage Solutions
LinkedIn: ca.linkedin.com/in/janineyetke/en
Email: Janine.Yetke@armtec.com

3. CPD CREDIT CERTIFICATES
• Attending Armtec Webinars Live in Person Qualifies in Most Jurisdictions in
Canada & USA for 1 Hour Technical Informal
• Formal completion certificates are emailed within one week of attending
• Check your local guidelines if unsure of your requirements

4. Armtec is one of Canada’s
largest infrastructure
company supplying
precast, corrugated steel
and HDPE products and
solutions. Every day, our
proven products,
engineered solutions
and dedicated people are
counted on to support
construction and
infrastructure projects in
communities everywhere.
With a national presence
and a local focus on
exceptional customer
service, we are dedicated
to building excellence.
Drainage Locations
Precast Locations
40
Actual 2016
Locations
ABOUT ARMTEC

5. SECTORS
Armtec specializes in all infrastructure markets and segments and can help with any project to ensure you
have the right products for the job. Our people have extensive experience and access to resources all across
the country, and can help with all facets of product selection, installation and support.
Stormwater Solutions
Mining & Energy
Commercial & Retail
Constructions
Transportation Underground & Utility
Infrastructure
Sports & Entertainment
Institutional Construction Industrial Construction Agriculture
Commercial & Residential
Landscaping
Forestry Residential & Hospitality
ABOUT ARMTEC

6. Armtec Drainage Solutions’ centralized engineering
department consists of design engineers, a drafting team,
and estimators.
Additionally, professionally licensed Regional engineers are
located in all Market Areas across the country.
DRAINAGE ENGINEERING SUPPORT & ROLES
ABOUT ARMTEC

7. YOUR SPEAKERS
Heba Ahmed P.Eng.
National Product Development Manager /
Regional Engineer
Armtec, Drainage Solutions
Heba.Ahmed@armtec.com
Drew Willms
Regional Engineer
Armtec, Drainage Solutions
Drew.Willms@armtec.com

8. AGENDA
1. Overview
• Segmental Plate Products for Buried Bridges
• Evolution and Benefits
• Structural Plate Profiles, Applications and Coating
2. Buried Bridge Structural Design Basics – Section 7 CSA S-6
CHBDC
3. Design Life - Designing for Durability
4. End Treatment Options
5. Past Projects

9. Soil Steel Structures & End Treatments - Design Basics
BURIED BRIDGES AND SEGMENTAL
PLATE

10. BRIDGE PORTFOLIO
Span - metres
3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 30 33 36 39 42 45
BRIDGE-PLATE ARCH
MULTI-PLATE+
LINER PLATE
PRE-CAST BRIDGES
BOX CULVERTS
Selection Criteria
• Project Application
• Clearance
Requirements
• Hydraulics
• Location
• Cost
• Installation method
• Construction
Schedule
• Geotechnical
Conditions

11. EVOLUTION OF STRUCTURAL PLATE
 1931 – 6” x 1.5” corrugation
 1935 – New product and profile - Tunnel Liner Plate
 1941 – Multi-Plate Pipe Arch introduced
 1945 - Improved to 6” x 1.75” corrugation
 1952 – Improved to 6” x 2” corrugation
 1960’s – Development of larger spans “Super-Spans”
 1960 – 9.1m Span arches for snowshed TCH Rogers
 1967 – 12.2m Span x 6.4m rise Armstrong Bridge
 1975 – 15.5m Span x 8.4m rise Vieux Comptoir
 1984 – 18.0m Span x 7.4m rise Cheese Factory Bridge
 1998 – Bridge Plate was introduced

12. BENEFITS
 Segmental plate structures economically shipped to remote or
international locations via containers
 Ease of installation w/o large cranes
 Customized shapes to fit the application
 Easy to extend for future road widening project
 75 – 100 year DSL
 Cost efficient - provides lowest possible life cycle cost
 Wide range of loading conditions
 Deep bury
 Heavy Live Loads (haul trucks, track vehicles)
 Typically have reserve capacity for overload conditions
 Seismic forces

13. BENEFITS
 Eliminates bridge decks & icy deck problems.
 No bridge deck deterioration problems.
 Eliminates constant maintenance of bridge approaches and painting
of superstructure.
 Environmentally preferred since
they permit the natural appearance
of earth slope & vegetation to be
utilized.

14. PROFILES, APPLICATIONS AND
COATINGS
Multi Plate
 152 mm x 51 mm Corrugation
 3 mm – 7 mm thickness
 Galvanized or Polymer-coated
 Variety of Shapes & Sizes
 Modular Lengths, 610 mm Increments
 Stackable, Nestable Plates
Applications:
 Culverts
 Underpasses
 Conveyor Tunnels
 Bridges
 Caissons
 Mine Portals

15. PROFILES, APPLICATIONS AND
COATINGS
Bridge Plate
 400 mm x 150 mm Corrugation
 4.3 mm – 8 mm Thickness
 4 - 18 m Standard Spans
 Variety of Standard Shapes and Sizes
 Custom Applications
 Modular Lengths, 1200 mm
Increments
 Galvanized or Polymer-Coated
Applications:
 Bridges
 Culverts
 Pedestrian Tunnels
 Mine Portals
 Stockpile Tunnels

16. Box Culverts
• Spans - 4m to 15m
• Highway Loading
• Low Cover Applications
BRIDGE-PLATE
Arches
Spans 6m to 22m
Single Radius + Low &
High Profile shapes
Rounds
• Diameters – 6m to 15m
• Horiz. Ellipse shapes
also available

17. PROFILES
 Increased Stiffness
 Load Resistance
SPCSP
DCSP

18. ENGINEERING - CONFIGURATIONS

19. Soil Steel Structures & End Treatments - Design Basics
DESIGN BASICS

20. DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
 Structural
 Sizing (clearance & hydraulics)
 Durability
 Alignment & structure location
 End treatment
 Environmental Impact Mitigation

21. Corrugated Steel Pipe Products
• Materials, Fabrication, Inspection & Repair …….
 Helical Pipe Products (CSP & SRP)
 Structural Plate Products (SPCSP, DCSP, Liner Plate)
 Coatings
 Galv. & Aluminized (metallic)
 Polymer Coating
 CSA Standard - G401
MATERIAL CODE

22. DESIGN CODE
 Span < 3 m: Typically AASHTO or
ASTM
 Span > 3 m: CHBDC.

23. BURIED STRUCTURE COMPONENTS
23
Soil Component:
– engineered granular
backfill envelope
– materials of known
geotechnical properties
Steel Component:
– Corrugated steel shell
– Corrugated shell is highly
efficient member to support
axial compressive loads
Net Result:
– economical buried structure
capable of supporting large
gravity loads

24. STRUCTURAL DESIGN
Load resistance of the composite system
 Highly influenced by the geotechnical properties
of the backfill materials encasing the buried
structure.
Strength of the structure is dependent upon
 Geometry of the buried steel shell
 Stiffness / thickness of the selected plate
corrugation.

25. STRUCTURAL DESIGN
Force Analysis
Determine thrusts, moments and deflections
during and post construction
Strength Analysis
Determine resistance of the structure to
support the calculated load effects
Successful Design ensures:
Resistance > Demand

26. MIN COVER
5.0
6 





v
hh
D
DD
2
4.0 





v
h
D
D
Minimum Cover (Hmin) is the largest of:
a) 0.6 m
b)
c)

27. TOTAL THRUST
TRAFFIC LOADING
Soil Cover
LIVE
LOAD
DEAD
LOAD
or
 DLATTT LLDDf  1
EDDf TTT  

28. COMPRESSIVE STRESS
T
T
P
Area = area of selected plate
thickness (mm2/mm)
 MPa
Area
Tf


29. WALL STRENGTH IN COMPRESSION
 Calculating the factored failure compressive stress fb
 Dependent upon the NA radius
 For:
 










 2
2
12Er
KRF
FFf y
ymtb
2
3





r
RK
EF
f mt
b

eRR  eRR 

30. WALL STRENGTH DURING
CONSTRUCTION
 Forces experienced during construction of long span
structures can sometimes be greater than those values
of the completed structure
 Checks are made to ensure moments and thrusts
induced during construction do not exceed the plastic
moment capacity of the structure
1
2









pfpf M
M
P
P

31. WALL STRENGTH OF COMPLETED
STRUCTURE
Tf = maximum thrust due to factored loads
Ppf = factored compressive strength = fhAFy
Mf = maximum moment due to factored loads
Mpf = factored plastic moment capacity = fhMp
1
2









pf
f
pf
f
M
M
P
T
 DLAMMMM LLDDDf  11 

32. SEAM STRENGTH
 Thrust is transferred
through the longitudinal
seam.
 Circumferential bolts
create monolithic
structure, adding
resilience and preventing
gaps in seams.
Sjf ST 

33. CHBDC FORMULA LIMITATIONS
 Box Culverts – maximum span
 All other shapes – single radius structures
 Standard Highway Loading
Analysis Options
 Rigorous Method – i.e. Finite Element Analyses
 Plaxis or CANDE are common software tools
 Each stage of construction is modelled
 Forces, moments & deflections captured for every stage

34. Axial Force Diagram

35. Bending Moment Diagram

36. Crown
Deflection
4.5 mm Maximum
Time

37. Vertical Stress Contours

38. Horizontal Stress Contours

39. Soil Steel Structures & End Treatments - Design Basics
DESIGNING FOR DURABILITY

40. DESIGNING FOR DURABILITY
Product
Galvanized
(50+ Years)
Aluminum
(75+ Years)
Strata-CAT
(100+ Years)
Multi-Plate  
Bridge-Plate  
Tunnel Liner Plate   
Multiple Plate / Coating Types:
• Standard Galvanized (915 g/m2)
• Heavy Galvanized (1220 g/m2)
• Aluminum
• Strata-CAT Polymer Coating

41. STRATA-CAT POLYMER COATING

42. DESIGNING FOR DURABILITY
• Coating Selection Criteria

43. DESIGNING FOR DURABILITY
• 1Durability of Structural Plate Corrugated Steel Pipe and Deep Corrugated Structural Plate Structures,, February 27,
2012
Estimated Material Service Life (EMSL)
Approach for Galvanized SPCSP

44. DESIGNING FOR DURABILITY
Strata-CAT Polymer Coating
= Add-On Life
Zinc Primer
Estimated Material Service Life (EMSL)
Approach for Polymer Coated SPCSP

45. STRUCTURAL PLATE DURABILITY
• Aluminum
• Strata-CAT Polymer Coated

46. Soil Steel Structures & End Treatments - Design Basics
END TREATMENTS

47. STEEL HEADWALLS
Bridge-Plate Headwalls
Bin-Wall Wing Walls
Bridge-Plate Arches
12.43m span x 3.93m rise

48. ANCHORED WALLS

49. • Headwalls are tied back into the structure or opposite headwall
• Wingwalls are anchored via tie-backs and deadmen buried in
the embankment
ANCHORED WALLS

50. BIN-WALL

51. BIN-WALL
• Site-assembled, adjoining closed-face steel bins.
• Corrugated sheets create faces and stringers.
• Assembled bins (with bolted connections) are backfilled.
• Creates a gravity-type retaining wall.

52. BIN-WALL COMPONENTS

53. BIN-WALL
3048m (10’)
Incremental Wall
Heights
of 16” (406mm)
1.32 to 8.635m
6 Standard Bin Depths
(A,B,C,D,E,F)
1.69 to 5.06m

54. BRIDGE-PLATE
BRIDGES & EARTH RETENTION BY ARMTEC

55. BRIDGES & EARTH RETENTION BY ARMTEC
EARTH RETENTION SOLUTIONS

56. STEEL-FACED MSE WALLS

57. Soil Steel Structures & End Treatments - Design Basics
MECHANICALLY STABILIZED
EARTH WALLS

58. MSE WALLS
COMPONENTS
• Backfill Material
• Soil Reinforcement
• Facing Unit

59. MSE WALLS – WIRE MESH FORM
Primary components:
• Facing Material (Wire Mesh Form)
• Primary Geogrid Reinforcement (Mirafi XT Series)
• Non-Woven Geotextile Separator (Armtec 200)
• Cobble / Rock Facing
• Engineered Backfill

60. Mechanically Stabilized Earth (MSE)
Gabion wall
BRIDGES & EARTH RETENTION BY ARMTEC

61. Mechanically Stabilized Earth (MSE)
Gabion wall
BRIDGES & EARTH RETENTION BY ARMTEC

62. WIRE MESH FORM MSE WALLS
Vegetated Slopes
• Miramesh in lieu of non-woven geosynthetic / cobble facing

63. Geogrid
ReinforcementFinished Grade
Reinforced
Soil Zone
FOUNDATION SOIL ZONE
Native Soil
Geocell Fascia
GEOCELL

64. GEOCELL

65. BRIDGES & EARTH RETENTION BY ARMTEC

66. BEVELS & SKEWS

67. Soil Steel Structures & End Treatments - Design Basics
PROJECT CASE STUDIES

68. CULVERTS / STREAM CROSSINGS

69. LOW-PROFILE ARCH (2 RADIUS)
8.9m Span x 3.3m Rise x 14.4m Length

70. MINISTRY OF HIGHWAYS – HWY 905
Saskatchewan

71. BRIDGE-PLATE
BRIDGES & EARTH RETENTION BY ARMTEC
Western Headworks Canal
Calgary, AB

72. BRIDGE STRUCTURES

73. BRIDGE-PLATE
BRIDGES & EARTH RETENTION BY ARMTEC
Pre-Assembled Railway Overpass
United Kingdom

74. MINE HAUL TRUCK OVERPASSES
Structurally efficient design
• Highland Valley Copper Mine
• Sloped Installation
• 3 – 9 m of overburden
• 1,400,000-lb. loaded CAT 797

75. SINGLE RADIUS BRIDGE-PLATE ARCH
8.0mm Thick Plate
Precast GRS Headwalls

76. RECLAIM & ESCAPE TUNNELS

77. MULTI-PLATE RECLAIM TUNNEL
Port McNeill, BC

78. VENTILATION SHAFTS
• Mosaic Potash Mine
• Near Esterhazy, SK
• 4.5m Diameter Multi-Plate
• Strata-CAT Polymer Coating
• Water-proof Seam Sealant
• Custom Fabricated Elbows

79. VERTICAL SHAFTS

80. CULVERT & BRIDGE REHABILITATION

81. MTQ Bridge Rehabilitation
Monk, QC

82. Contact Your Local Sales Rep:
www.armtec.com/sales-offices/
Todays Speakers:
Heba.Ahmed@armtec.com
Drew Willms
Drew.Willms@armtec.com
Heba Ahmed