This document discusses age-related macular degeneration (ARMD) in low vision patients. It defines ARMD as degeneration of the macula causing gradual or sudden vision loss, mainly affecting those over 50. The document outlines objectives like defining ARMD, taking patient history, symptoms of central field loss, reduced acuity, and poor color vision. It recommends prescribing low vision aids like optical devices such as magnifiers or telescopes, and non-optical devices. Treatments discussed include laser therapy and investigating other potential treatments.

1. Cases of ARMD in Low vision
Jasmin modi
2nd year hari jyot college of optometry
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2. Age related macular degeneration in
Low vision patient
 What is ARMD??
The macula in the retina degenerates ,causing a gradual or sudden
loss of vision.
mainly affected area macula, it occurs on person over 50 years of age
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3. Objectives
 Definition /introduction
 How to take history of ARMD patient
 Symptoms and their behaviour manifestation
1)Central field loss
2)Reduced visual acuity
3)Poor colour vision
 Prescribing low vision aid
1)Optical
2)Non optical
 Treatment
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4. History considering point
 Caucasian
 Family history
 High blood pressure or a history of hypertension
 Light iris color
 Smoking
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5. Central field loss
 Produce inability to perceive objects or people in direct line of sight
 May be .... Image
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6. Central relative scotoma Central absolute scotoma
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7. Behavioural manifestation
 Not talking directly to people
 Lack of eye contact
 Diminishing ability to recognize people in front of them
 Unusual head position
Management of central field loss
 Training eccentric views
 Fresnel prisms
 Self illuminated magnifier
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8. Poor colour vision
 Inability to identify colour of objects
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9. Behavioural manifestation
 Un co-ordinated clothing
 Issues identifying their medicine
Management of poor colour vision
Use strong colour and contrasts
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10. Reduced visual acuity
blurred vision distance and near
Behavioural manifestation
 Difficulty in preapre food and eating
 Difficulty in signing documents
 Driving
Management
 Spectacles
 Telescope for distance
 Magnifiers
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11. Other visual affects...
 Metamorphosia :-straight line appear wavy
 Blind spot:- small area of loss of vision
Sees only peripheral vision not seen by centrally
 Photophobia
 Depth perception
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12. Prescribing low vision aid??
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13. 1.)Optical devices
 Stand magnifier or self illuminated magnifier
 For driving purpose monocular telescopes
 Magnifying spectacles for distance view of fixation
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14. 2)Non optical devices
 Reading guide, check guide, signature guide
 Glare reduction and enhances the contrast
 Contact lenses x chrome
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15. Treatment
 Laser treatment can sometimes be used to slow the progression
of the disease
 Other treatments that have been investigated (but not yet
established) include the use of radiation, laser treatment of
drusen , photodynamic therapy, submacular surgery, retinal cell
transplantation, and the use of vascular endothelial growth
factor
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16. References
 Ajay Kumar boothra
 Monika chaudhry second addition
 Low vision management
Picture are captured through
www.google.com
Wikipedia
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17. Under guidance by
Mr paras desai M.optom
 Thanks
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