The Argus II retinal prosthesis system is an electronic implant designed to partially restore vision for individuals blinded by retinal degenerative diseases, specifically retinitis pigmentosa. Developed by Second Sight Medical Products, it received CE marking in 2011 and FDA approval in 2013, consisting of external components like glasses and video processing units, along with an implanted electrode array. While it enhances mobility and social engagement for patients, it has limitations including the need for surgical implantation and a high cost of approximately $150,000.

1. ARGUS II
RETINAL PROSTHESIS SYSTEM
BY:-
RINKA SANATAN PRAMANIK
201406100210142
INTEGATED M.Sc BIOTECHNOLOGY
SEMESTER VIII
C.G.BHAKTA INSTITUTE OF BIOTECHNOLOGY
UKA TARSADIA UNIVERSITY

2. CONTENET
2
 Introduction
 Retinal pigmentosa
 Normal v/s Artificial vision
 Component of Argus II
 Working of Argus II
 Benefits of the Argus II System
 Limitations of the Argus II System
 Reference

3. Introduction
3
 Argus II is an electronic retinal implant
 It is manufactured by the American company Second Sight
Medical Products
 The technology and development of Argus II was pioneered
by Mark Humayun
 Argus II retinal prosthesis aimed at partially restoring vision
to people blinded by retinal degenerative diseases such as
retinitis pigmentosa (RP).
 Argus II retinal prosthesis system received CE (Conformité
Européenne) marking in March 2011 and the Food and
Drug Administration (FDA) approval in February 2013

4. Retinitis Pigmentosa
4
Source : the-health-wellness-blog.blogspot.in
 Genetic disease
 Peripheral photoreceptors degenerate
 Gradually progresses towards center of eye
 Tunnel vision results
Source : www.nacuity.com

5. Normal v/s Artificial Vision
 Begins when light enters
and strike on
photoreceptor cells.
 These cells convert light
to electric impulses that
are sent to brain via
optic nerves.
The camera captures
images and sends to retina
implant.
 It stimulates neurons.
The stimulated neurons
send information to brain
via optic nerves.
5
Normal vision Artificial vision

6. 6
COMPONENT OF ARGUS II
Wearable
external
component
Glasses
Video
Processing
Unit (VPU)
Wired-
Cable
Surgically
implanted
component
Receiving
Coil
Electronics
Case
60-electrode
array

7. Component of Argus II
7
Source: www.pinterest.com
Wearable external component
Surgically
implanted
component

8. External component of Argus II
8
 The external component is comprised of
1. Glasses
2. Video Processing Unit (VPU)
3. Wired-cable

9. 9
1. Glasses: Glasses are specially fitted with
a) Miniature video camera
b) Radio-frequency (RF) coils
Source : www.secondsight.com

10. 10
2.Video ProcessingUnit (VPU):
 A battery-powered device that processes the video
signal obtained from the video camera on the
glasses and transforms it into electrical stimulation
data.
 The electrical stimulation data and power are then
sent to theGlasses for transmission to the implant.
 TheVPU comes with a pouch that is worn by the
patient.

11. Implanted component of Argus II
11
1. Implant Coil

This contains the receiver and
transmitter antenna made of
wire encased in silicone.

The coil communicates with an
external coil on the Argus II
Glasses.

The implant coil is connected
to the electronics case.
Source : www.sciencesource.com

12. 12
2. Electronics Case

A cylindrical, hermetically-sealed
case.

It contains electronic components
and an Application Specific
Integrated Circuit (ASIC) for
processing the received data

It uses the received power to
generate the required stimulation
output.
Source : www.sciencesource.com

13. 13
3. Electrode Array

The electrode array consists of a polymer cable that contains
the wire conductors and an array of 60 enabled platinum
electrodes where the conductors terminate.

These electrodes are secured in place over the fovea using
a retinal tack.
Source : helix.northwestern.eduSource : www.sciencesource.com Source : www.zdnet.com

14. 14
4. Scleral Band

A sclera band is used in scleral
buckling procedures is used to
hold the implant on the eye.
5. Retinal Tack

Retinal tack is used to affix the
array to the retina.
Source : www.sciencesource.com

15. Working of Argus II
15
Source : http://www.digibod.com/archives/1763
Working mechanism of retinal prosthetic
system

16. Benefits of the Argus II System
16
The Argus II System can improve patient’s orientation and
mobility, activities of daily living, and well-being:
 Locate doors and windows
 Sort light and dark clothes
 Avoid obstacles
 Feel more socially connected
 Enjoy being “visual” again
 Tracking players on a field
 Watching fireworks

17. Current Status
17
 45 clinical centers
 13 Countries(United States, UK , Canada,
Germany, France, Spain, Italy, Iran, Turkey,
Holland, Tiawan, Saudi Arabia and South Korea)
 Over 230 implant surgeries worldwide (May 17)

18. Limitations of the Argus II System
18
 Surgery is required to implant the electrode array.
 Repairing is difficult if any of the devices got
damaged.
 Those who lost their visions due to other reasons
could not use this device.
 The approximated cost of the device is
US$150,000

19. References
19
 A K Ahuja, J D Dorn, A Caspi, M J McMahon, G Dagnelie, L daCruz, P
Stanga, M S Humayun, R J Greenberg. Blind subjects implanted with the
Argus II retinal prosthesis are able to improve performance in a spatial-motor
task. British Journal Ophthalmol 2011.95:539e543
 Chuang. A. T, Margo. C. E, Greenberg. P. B. (2014). Retinal implants: a
systematic review. The British Journal of Ophthalmology. 98 (7)
 Christiaan. S and Gislin D,(2014) The functional performance of the Argus II
retinal prosthesis, Expert Rev Med Devices. 11(1): 23–30

20. 20
 Lyndon da Cruz, Brian F Coley,Jessy Dorn,Francesco Merlini,
Eugene Filley, Punita Christopher, Fred K Chen, Varalakshmi
Wuyyuru, Jose Sahel, Paulo Stanga, Mark Humayun, Robert J
Greenberg, Gislin Dagnelie. (2012). The Argus II epiretinal
prosthesis system allows letter and word reading and long-term
function in patients with profound vision loss. British Journal
Ophthalmol 0:1–5.
 Reddy V, Maldonado RS, Humayun MS, Hahn P (2015) Bionic
Eye: A Glance at the Argus II retinal prosthesis. Adv Ophthalmol
Vis Syst 2(3): 00044.

21. 21 Thank you