Arch14 COD final review!
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Class Review Jeopardy Style Game for upcoming History of Architecture Final Exam at College of the Desert- Suzanne Delahanty, instructor.
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ARTID121 Byzantine Art
- Byzantine art refers to the artistic products of the Byzantine Empire between the 5th and 15th centuries, centered around Constantinople. It was influenced by both Roman and Greek artistic traditions and characterized by Christianity and the Greek language.
- Byzantine art is divided into three periods - Early, Middle, and Late - with the 6th century under Justinian considered the Golden Age. Major works included the Hagia Sophia in Constantinople and mosaics at San Vitale and Sant'Apollinare in Ravenna.
- Byzantine art emphasized abstract, symbolic representations rather than naturalism. Major art forms included icons for religious devotion, illuminated manuscripts, and metalwork and other luxury goods
Chapter12
The document discusses Byzantine art from the early to late periods. It focuses on Constantinople's Hagia Sophia and Ravenna's San Vitale as defining examples of early Byzantine architecture that combined Roman and Eastern influences. The document also examines the religious controversies around icons, the triumph of iconophiles, and common styles of the middle Byzantine period like the Dormition Church mosaics. Late Byzantine art is described as maintaining a conventional spiritual vision despite Western Crusader destruction and influence.
Gothic art
This document summarizes Gothic art in Europe between the 12th and 15th centuries. It describes how Gothic sculpture became more realistic and independent from architecture. Gothic painting shared similar characteristics, depicting religious and some secular scenes in a realistic style. Gothic architecture developed new techniques like pointed arches, rib vaults, and flying buttresses to support taller cathedral structures with large stained glass windows, serving both religious and civic functions.
9.byzantine art
Byzantine Christian art from 527-1453 CE reflected the political power of the Eastern Orthodox Church and the Byzantine Empire. Major figures in Byzantine art included the Pantokrator and Theotokos. Mosaics with gold backgrounds depicted these figures and were used to connect earthly rulers to divine power. Monasteries produced illuminated manuscripts and helped spread Orthodox doctrine across the Byzantine regions. Icons were devotional objects that were sometimes destroyed during periods of iconoclasm against religious imagery.
Chapter 9
The document provides an overview of Byzantine art from the early period through the late period, covering major architectural works like Hagia Sophia and San Vitale as well as mosaics, icons, and other art forms. It examines the cultural influences of Roman, Christian, and eastern traditions on Byzantine art and highlights characteristics of each period such as the golden age under Justinian, the triumph of iconophiles in the middle period, and western influences like those seen at St. Mark's in Venice. Major artistic works are discussed in relation to the expression of spiritual ideas and hieratic formality in Byzantine art over time.
Gothic interior
The document discusses Gothic architecture and its key features. It flourished between 1200-1600 AD and is characterized by tall designs reaching towards heaven, pointed arches, flying buttresses, vaulted ceilings, and light/airy interiors. Early Gothic buildings had few windows, poor light/ventilation, and were not suitable for tall structures. Innovations like increasing window size, flying buttresses, and pointed arch roofs helped address these issues.
Jennifer (humanities)
In 330 AD, Constantine the Great moved the capital of the Roman Empire from Rome to Byzantium, renaming the city Constantinople. The Byzantine Empire lasted until the fall of Constantinople in 1453, influencing art and architecture throughout its territory. Byzantine art was primarily religious in nature, focused on glorifying Christianity through mosaics, frescoes, ivories, and architecture in churches. Key works included the Hagia Sophia, San Vitale, and the mosaics and frescoes of the Vladimir Virgin and Lamentation of Christ. Byzantine architecture used domes and Greek crosses and inspired later Islamic structures like the Alhambra and Great Mosque of Cordoba.
(humanities)
In 330 AD, Constantine the Great moved the Roman capital from Rome to Byzantium, renaming the city Constantinople. This established the Byzantine Empire, with Constantinople as its center, that lasted until the fall of the city to the Ottoman Turks in 1453. Byzantine art was created primarily for the Eastern Orthodox Church, and included mosaics, frescoes, and sculptures that decorated church interiors. Notable artistic works included the Hagia Sophia with its massive central dome and glittering mosaics that created an otherworldly atmosphere for worshippers. Byzantine architecture and art had a profound influence on neighboring cultures like the Arab world.
Recommended
ARTID121 Byzantine Art
- Byzantine art refers to the artistic products of the Byzantine Empire between the 5th and 15th centuries, centered around Constantinople. It was influenced by both Roman and Greek artistic traditions and characterized by Christianity and the Greek language.
- Byzantine art is divided into three periods - Early, Middle, and Late - with the 6th century under Justinian considered the Golden Age. Major works included the Hagia Sophia in Constantinople and mosaics at San Vitale and Sant'Apollinare in Ravenna.
- Byzantine art emphasized abstract, symbolic representations rather than naturalism. Major art forms included icons for religious devotion, illuminated manuscripts, and metalwork and other luxury goods
Chapter12
The document discusses Byzantine art from the early to late periods. It focuses on Constantinople's Hagia Sophia and Ravenna's San Vitale as defining examples of early Byzantine architecture that combined Roman and Eastern influences. The document also examines the religious controversies around icons, the triumph of iconophiles, and common styles of the middle Byzantine period like the Dormition Church mosaics. Late Byzantine art is described as maintaining a conventional spiritual vision despite Western Crusader destruction and influence.
Gothic art
This document summarizes Gothic art in Europe between the 12th and 15th centuries. It describes how Gothic sculpture became more realistic and independent from architecture. Gothic painting shared similar characteristics, depicting religious and some secular scenes in a realistic style. Gothic architecture developed new techniques like pointed arches, rib vaults, and flying buttresses to support taller cathedral structures with large stained glass windows, serving both religious and civic functions.
9.byzantine art
Byzantine Christian art from 527-1453 CE reflected the political power of the Eastern Orthodox Church and the Byzantine Empire. Major figures in Byzantine art included the Pantokrator and Theotokos. Mosaics with gold backgrounds depicted these figures and were used to connect earthly rulers to divine power. Monasteries produced illuminated manuscripts and helped spread Orthodox doctrine across the Byzantine regions. Icons were devotional objects that were sometimes destroyed during periods of iconoclasm against religious imagery.
Chapter 9
The document provides an overview of Byzantine art from the early period through the late period, covering major architectural works like Hagia Sophia and San Vitale as well as mosaics, icons, and other art forms. It examines the cultural influences of Roman, Christian, and eastern traditions on Byzantine art and highlights characteristics of each period such as the golden age under Justinian, the triumph of iconophiles in the middle period, and western influences like those seen at St. Mark's in Venice. Major artistic works are discussed in relation to the expression of spiritual ideas and hieratic formality in Byzantine art over time.
Gothic interior
The document discusses Gothic architecture and its key features. It flourished between 1200-1600 AD and is characterized by tall designs reaching towards heaven, pointed arches, flying buttresses, vaulted ceilings, and light/airy interiors. Early Gothic buildings had few windows, poor light/ventilation, and were not suitable for tall structures. Innovations like increasing window size, flying buttresses, and pointed arch roofs helped address these issues.
Jennifer (humanities)
In 330 AD, Constantine the Great moved the capital of the Roman Empire from Rome to Byzantium, renaming the city Constantinople. The Byzantine Empire lasted until the fall of Constantinople in 1453, influencing art and architecture throughout its territory. Byzantine art was primarily religious in nature, focused on glorifying Christianity through mosaics, frescoes, ivories, and architecture in churches. Key works included the Hagia Sophia, San Vitale, and the mosaics and frescoes of the Vladimir Virgin and Lamentation of Christ. Byzantine architecture used domes and Greek crosses and inspired later Islamic structures like the Alhambra and Great Mosque of Cordoba.
(humanities)
In 330 AD, Constantine the Great moved the Roman capital from Rome to Byzantium, renaming the city Constantinople. This established the Byzantine Empire, with Constantinople as its center, that lasted until the fall of the city to the Ottoman Turks in 1453. Byzantine art was created primarily for the Eastern Orthodox Church, and included mosaics, frescoes, and sculptures that decorated church interiors. Notable artistic works included the Hagia Sophia with its massive central dome and glittering mosaics that created an otherworldly atmosphere for worshippers. Byzantine architecture and art had a profound influence on neighboring cultures like the Arab world.
Byzantine Art
Art produced in the Byzantine empire (or Eastern Roman Empire)—at its height, a territory that spanned large swaths of the Mediterranean, present-day Turkey, Southern Spain, and Italy—between the 4th and 15th centuries, when it fell to the Ottoman Turks. As the empire's official religion was Orthodox Christianity, Byzantine art was largely devotional, Christian art. Perhaps the best known example of Byzantine art is a tenth-century mosaic of the Virgin Mary in the Hagia Sophia in Istanbul that demonstrates the stylized forms, sharp contours, flat fields of color, and gold mosaic the period is known for.
Gothic art
Gothic art developed in France in the 12th century and spread across Western Europe. Key characteristics included more animated figures in paintings, the development of interior and exterior perspective, and elongated, expressive sculptures. Important works included the South Rose Window at Notre Dame Cathedral in Paris and the sculptures on Chartres Cathedral's western portal. Gothic architecture featured vertical shafts, clustered columns, and larger windows to lighten interiors, exemplified by buildings like the Abbey Church of St. Denis and Notre Dame Cathedral.
Romanesque
"Romanesque" can be used to cover all derivations of Roman architecture in the West, from the fall of Rome (c.450 CE) until the advent of the Gothic style around 1150. Traditionally, however, the term refers to the specific style of architecture, along with sculpture and other minor arts that appeared across France, Germany, Italy and Spain during the 11th century. Richer and more grandiose than anything witnessed during the era of Early Christian Art, the Romanesque style is characterized by a massiveness of scale, reflecting the greater social stability of the new Millennium, and the growing confidence of the Christian Church in Rome, a Church whose expansionism set in motion the Crusades to free the Holy Land from the grip of Islam. Later, the success of the Crusaders and their acquisition of Holy Relics stimulated further construction of new churches across Europe in the fully fledged Romanesque style of architecture (Norman architecture in Britain and Ireland). In turn this building program produced a huge demand for decorative religious art, including sculpture, stained glass and ecclesiastical metalwork of all types. By the 12th century certain architects and sculptors had become highly sought-after by ecclesiastical and also secular patrons.
Sagrada familia-new
The Sagrada Familia in Barcelona, Spain was designed by Antoni Gaudi with the floor plan of a Latin cross and Cubist design elements. Key features include the Passion, Glory and Nativity facades representing different aspects of Christ's life. Gaudi used light from stained glass windows and skylights to represent divinity, with different colors symbolizing theological concepts. Acoustics from the masonry construction create a holy echo, and organs are used for musical accompaniment during services.
Late antiquity upload
Late Antiquity saw the rise of Christianity in the Roman Empire from the 3rd to 6th centuries CE. Key figures like Constantine and Theodosius established Christianity as the official religion, replacing traditional paganism. Art from this period shows syncretism by adapting pagan imagery for Christian and Jewish narratives. Major monuments incorporated spolia, or recycled materials, from older structures. Church architecture evolved from the basilica plan to centralized designs like Santa Costanza in Rome.
Italy 1200 to 1400
During the 15th century Quattrocento period in Italy, major developments in art and architecture occurred. Humanism flourished alongside innovations like perspective, modeling, and anatomy in works. Sculptors like Donatello and Ghiberti produced influential works in Florence, while Brunelleschi pioneered new architectural techniques. Painters such as Masaccio and Botticelli produced masterworks reflecting Renaissance ideals of naturalism and classical influence under the patronage of the powerful Medici family.
Ch 7 Arh
Christian art developed from biblical stories and imagery found in the New Testament gospels and book of Revelation. Early Christian art was created in underground catacombs. Byzantine art extended the Roman empire's eastern portion and was influenced by Orthodox Christianity, featuring flat, floating figures in frontal orientation with gold backgrounds instead of depth or realism. Justinian I's rule in the 6th century typified the early Byzantine era, suppressing all religions but Christianity and reclaiming western Roman lands. Icons were used devotionally but were banned in iconoclasm; abstraction replaced figural art until icons were restored in 843. Manuscripts and objects like the Vienna Genesis and protective icons like the Virgin of Vladimir displayed the
Sagrada Família, Barcelona (巴塞隆納 聖家堂)
Gaudi's world heritage cathedral, built more than a century has not yet been completed.
高迪設計的世界遺產大教堂,興建超過百年至今仍未完成。
Chapter11
The document discusses art and architecture in Late Antiquity Europe and the Near East, particularly the influence of Christianity. It examines early Christian art forms like frescoes depicting Christ and biblical scenes. Architecture moved from pagan Roman styles to new church buildings, seen in structures like Old St. Peter's in Rome and mosaics in Sant'Apollinare Nuovo in Ravenna. Illuminated manuscripts also emerged as a new medium for Christian art during this period.
Chapter 10 - The Islamic World
This document provides an overview of Islamic art and architecture. It outlines the goals of understanding the origins of Islam and how it is manifested in art and architecture. It examines early Islamic architecture derived from Muslim beliefs and traditions. Key architectural structures are discussed like the Dome of the Rock in Jerusalem and Great Mosque in Damascus. The document also covers the development of architectural elements in mosques, madrasas and mausoleums across the Islamic world. Luxury arts like calligraphy, tilework, mosaic and carpet weaving are explored as expressions of Islamic ideas.
Byzantine Art
The document discusses Byzantine art and how it expressed the values of Byzantine culture. Byzantine art was very religious in nature and followed strict conventions for depicting figures like Jesus and Mary. Artworks used symbolic and abstract styles rather than realistic portrayals. The Hagia Sophia church in Constantinople was a major architectural feat and an important center of Byzantine culture until it was converted to a mosque after the Ottoman conquest in 1453.
Byzantine
Byzantine art developed after Constantine moved the capital of the Roman Empire to Constantinople in the 4th century. Art was primarily created for the Eastern Orthodox Church and featured somber, flat figures in mosaics and paintings with little realism. Iconoclasm prohibited depicting people from 726 to the 9th century. Sculpture was limited to ivory book covers. Major works included the Hagia Sophia and mosaics at Ravenna and the Kiev catacombs that depicted biblical and theological themes through the 15th century fall of Constantinople.
Early Christian Art
The document summarizes early Christian and Jewish art from archaeological sites in the Roman province of Syria. Excavations at Dura Europas uncovered 17 places of worship, including the oldest synagogue and one of the earliest Christian churches. Frescoes in the synagogue depicted scenes from the Hebrew Bible in the Roman style. Both Christians and Jews practiced inhumation and used house churches and symbolism to avoid detection while their religions were forbidden. Funerary art incorporated Jewish and Christian symbols. The catacombs of Rome provided underground burial spaces decorated with biblical scenes expressing hope for salvation.
Art history lecture 8 byzantine art period
The document summarizes Byzantine art from 500-1453 AD. It notes that Byzantine art combined elements of classical Roman art with Christian themes. Mosaics, icons, and illuminated manuscripts were especially prominent art forms. Architects also developed new techniques like the pendentive and squinch to support domes over square spaces. The period saw controversies over the use of religious icons before they were fully embraced. Art served to visually express church theology in an abstract, symbolic style rather than realistic depiction.
HISTORY: Gothic Architecture
This document provides an overview of Gothic architecture and cathedrals. It discusses how Gothic style began in France in the 12th century under Abbot Suger and was characterized by pointed arches, ribbed vaults, and flying buttresses. Gothic cathedrals featured large stained glass windows and were constructed out of stone, wood, iron, and stained glass. Famous Gothic cathedrals included Notre Dame, Chartres, Reims, and Westminster Abbey. The document also examines the religious, cultural, and historical context of the Gothic period in medieval Europe.
Byzantine Art
The document discusses several important Byzantine architectural and artistic works from the 6th-11th centuries, including:
Hagia Sophia in Istanbul, constructed between 532-537 under Anthemius of Tralles and Isidorus of Miletus.
The mosaics of San Vitale in Ravenna, Italy dating from 526-547 depicting Justinian, Theodora and other figures.
Sant'Apollinare in Classe in Ravenna with 6th century mosaics depicting Saint Apollinaris amid sheep.
Several other churches and artworks are mentioned from the 6th-14th centuries showcasing the Byzantine artistic tradition
Byzantine art
Byzantine art developed out of eastern Roman imperial art and reflected Christian religious themes. It utilized styles like mosaics, icons, and illuminated manuscripts. Major artistic periods included the Early Byzantine era featuring works like the Hagia Sophia and mosaics of Justinian and Theodora, the Iconoclastic controversy which banned religious images, and the Middle Byzantine period when icons were restored. Art was used to convey religious messages and assert political power in monumental church buildings and luxurious objects.
Byzantine Art
The document summarizes Byzantine art from the Early Byzantine period through the Late Byzantine period. Some key points include:
- Early Byzantine art flourished under Emperor Justinian in the 6th century, as seen in buildings like Hagia Sophia and mosaics at San Vitale.
- Iconoclasm occurred between the 8th to 9th centuries where icons were destroyed, but were later restored.
- Byzantine art is characterized by abstract mosaics and icons used for religious instruction, with bright colors and symbolic rather than realistic representations.
- Icons were central to Byzantine religion but also controversial during periods of iconoclasm when their use was prohibited.
Jewish and early christian art aneta, ar
Jewish and early Christian art from the 3rd to 5th centuries featured simple symbols like fish and anchors that represented Christianity. Early images depicted stories from the Old Testament and miracles of Christ. Between the 4th and 5th centuries, as Christianity became legalized, images of Christ's life and the Virgin Mary proliferated. Artistic styles remained largely Roman during this period. Important early sites that featured Christian art included the catacombs of Rome and the synagogue at Dura Europos in Syria.
Greek art
Greek pottery evolved over time from the Protogeometric to the Geometric to the Archaic ages, characterized by black figure and later red figure styles depicting mythological scenes. Greek architecture featured three column orders - Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian - that supported temples housing statues, altars, and trees. Major buildings on the Athens Acropolis included the Parthenon dedicated to Athena, the Erechtheum with sections for Athena and Poseidon, and the Temple of Athena Nike honoring the goddess of victory.
St peter basilica final essay
St. Peter's Basilica is located in Vatican City and is considered one of the holiest sites in Catholicism. Construction began in 1506 under Pope Julius II and took over 120 years to complete, with multiple architects contributing throughout this period as the design evolved from Renaissance to Baroque styles. The current basilica was built to house the tomb of St. Peter and is renowned for its massive scale, dramatic dome, and ornate Baroque interior decorated with marble, gilt, and sculptures. With over 4 million annual visitors, St. Peter's Basilica remains one of the most significant religious structures in the world due to its rich history, architectural achievements, and status as a pilgrimage site.
Chambord - A French Renaissance Chateau
Along the river valley of Loire, south of Paris was a favourite region for the French nobility to build their chateaux. There are three royal chateaux in the valley - Chambord, Blois and Amboise. Leonardo da Vinci spent his final years here amongst these chateaux. Chenonceau chateau is one of the prettiest and had a female touch to it. If this is the case then it counterpart is Chambord, a the male chateau. It was built as a hunting lodge and many of its features were derived from traditional fortifications.
In 1515, the young Francis I of France came to the throne. It was under him France was united and strong. It was also the time French Absolute Monarchy began to appear. Chambord is very much his making. The emblems of Francis I were everywhere. It is also a French Renaissance building, incorporating Italian architecture elements like loggias, terrace, pilasters and horizontal mouldings decorating the facades. It is also French too with its massive towers, donjon and very high and steep roofs. Its roof it like a chessboard of towers and also like as a skyline of skyscrapers.
Today around the chateau is a large wildlife park with rich and varied wild life, a sanctuary for large animals. It is also an Unesco Heritage Site.
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Byzantine Art
Art produced in the Byzantine empire (or Eastern Roman Empire)—at its height, a territory that spanned large swaths of the Mediterranean, present-day Turkey, Southern Spain, and Italy—between the 4th and 15th centuries, when it fell to the Ottoman Turks. As the empire's official religion was Orthodox Christianity, Byzantine art was largely devotional, Christian art. Perhaps the best known example of Byzantine art is a tenth-century mosaic of the Virgin Mary in the Hagia Sophia in Istanbul that demonstrates the stylized forms, sharp contours, flat fields of color, and gold mosaic the period is known for.
Gothic art
Gothic art developed in France in the 12th century and spread across Western Europe. Key characteristics included more animated figures in paintings, the development of interior and exterior perspective, and elongated, expressive sculptures. Important works included the South Rose Window at Notre Dame Cathedral in Paris and the sculptures on Chartres Cathedral's western portal. Gothic architecture featured vertical shafts, clustered columns, and larger windows to lighten interiors, exemplified by buildings like the Abbey Church of St. Denis and Notre Dame Cathedral.
Romanesque
"Romanesque" can be used to cover all derivations of Roman architecture in the West, from the fall of Rome (c.450 CE) until the advent of the Gothic style around 1150. Traditionally, however, the term refers to the specific style of architecture, along with sculpture and other minor arts that appeared across France, Germany, Italy and Spain during the 11th century. Richer and more grandiose than anything witnessed during the era of Early Christian Art, the Romanesque style is characterized by a massiveness of scale, reflecting the greater social stability of the new Millennium, and the growing confidence of the Christian Church in Rome, a Church whose expansionism set in motion the Crusades to free the Holy Land from the grip of Islam. Later, the success of the Crusaders and their acquisition of Holy Relics stimulated further construction of new churches across Europe in the fully fledged Romanesque style of architecture (Norman architecture in Britain and Ireland). In turn this building program produced a huge demand for decorative religious art, including sculpture, stained glass and ecclesiastical metalwork of all types. By the 12th century certain architects and sculptors had become highly sought-after by ecclesiastical and also secular patrons.
Sagrada familia-new
The Sagrada Familia in Barcelona, Spain was designed by Antoni Gaudi with the floor plan of a Latin cross and Cubist design elements. Key features include the Passion, Glory and Nativity facades representing different aspects of Christ's life. Gaudi used light from stained glass windows and skylights to represent divinity, with different colors symbolizing theological concepts. Acoustics from the masonry construction create a holy echo, and organs are used for musical accompaniment during services.
Late antiquity upload
Late Antiquity saw the rise of Christianity in the Roman Empire from the 3rd to 6th centuries CE. Key figures like Constantine and Theodosius established Christianity as the official religion, replacing traditional paganism. Art from this period shows syncretism by adapting pagan imagery for Christian and Jewish narratives. Major monuments incorporated spolia, or recycled materials, from older structures. Church architecture evolved from the basilica plan to centralized designs like Santa Costanza in Rome.
Italy 1200 to 1400
During the 15th century Quattrocento period in Italy, major developments in art and architecture occurred. Humanism flourished alongside innovations like perspective, modeling, and anatomy in works. Sculptors like Donatello and Ghiberti produced influential works in Florence, while Brunelleschi pioneered new architectural techniques. Painters such as Masaccio and Botticelli produced masterworks reflecting Renaissance ideals of naturalism and classical influence under the patronage of the powerful Medici family.
Ch 7 Arh
Christian art developed from biblical stories and imagery found in the New Testament gospels and book of Revelation. Early Christian art was created in underground catacombs. Byzantine art extended the Roman empire's eastern portion and was influenced by Orthodox Christianity, featuring flat, floating figures in frontal orientation with gold backgrounds instead of depth or realism. Justinian I's rule in the 6th century typified the early Byzantine era, suppressing all religions but Christianity and reclaiming western Roman lands. Icons were used devotionally but were banned in iconoclasm; abstraction replaced figural art until icons were restored in 843. Manuscripts and objects like the Vienna Genesis and protective icons like the Virgin of Vladimir displayed the
Sagrada Família, Barcelona (巴塞隆納 聖家堂)
Gaudi's world heritage cathedral, built more than a century has not yet been completed.
高迪設計的世界遺產大教堂,興建超過百年至今仍未完成。
Chapter11
The document discusses art and architecture in Late Antiquity Europe and the Near East, particularly the influence of Christianity. It examines early Christian art forms like frescoes depicting Christ and biblical scenes. Architecture moved from pagan Roman styles to new church buildings, seen in structures like Old St. Peter's in Rome and mosaics in Sant'Apollinare Nuovo in Ravenna. Illuminated manuscripts also emerged as a new medium for Christian art during this period.
Chapter 10 - The Islamic World
This document provides an overview of Islamic art and architecture. It outlines the goals of understanding the origins of Islam and how it is manifested in art and architecture. It examines early Islamic architecture derived from Muslim beliefs and traditions. Key architectural structures are discussed like the Dome of the Rock in Jerusalem and Great Mosque in Damascus. The document also covers the development of architectural elements in mosques, madrasas and mausoleums across the Islamic world. Luxury arts like calligraphy, tilework, mosaic and carpet weaving are explored as expressions of Islamic ideas.
Byzantine Art
The document discusses Byzantine art and how it expressed the values of Byzantine culture. Byzantine art was very religious in nature and followed strict conventions for depicting figures like Jesus and Mary. Artworks used symbolic and abstract styles rather than realistic portrayals. The Hagia Sophia church in Constantinople was a major architectural feat and an important center of Byzantine culture until it was converted to a mosque after the Ottoman conquest in 1453.
Byzantine
Byzantine art developed after Constantine moved the capital of the Roman Empire to Constantinople in the 4th century. Art was primarily created for the Eastern Orthodox Church and featured somber, flat figures in mosaics and paintings with little realism. Iconoclasm prohibited depicting people from 726 to the 9th century. Sculpture was limited to ivory book covers. Major works included the Hagia Sophia and mosaics at Ravenna and the Kiev catacombs that depicted biblical and theological themes through the 15th century fall of Constantinople.
Early Christian Art
The document summarizes early Christian and Jewish art from archaeological sites in the Roman province of Syria. Excavations at Dura Europas uncovered 17 places of worship, including the oldest synagogue and one of the earliest Christian churches. Frescoes in the synagogue depicted scenes from the Hebrew Bible in the Roman style. Both Christians and Jews practiced inhumation and used house churches and symbolism to avoid detection while their religions were forbidden. Funerary art incorporated Jewish and Christian symbols. The catacombs of Rome provided underground burial spaces decorated with biblical scenes expressing hope for salvation.
Art history lecture 8 byzantine art period
The document summarizes Byzantine art from 500-1453 AD. It notes that Byzantine art combined elements of classical Roman art with Christian themes. Mosaics, icons, and illuminated manuscripts were especially prominent art forms. Architects also developed new techniques like the pendentive and squinch to support domes over square spaces. The period saw controversies over the use of religious icons before they were fully embraced. Art served to visually express church theology in an abstract, symbolic style rather than realistic depiction.
HISTORY: Gothic Architecture
This document provides an overview of Gothic architecture and cathedrals. It discusses how Gothic style began in France in the 12th century under Abbot Suger and was characterized by pointed arches, ribbed vaults, and flying buttresses. Gothic cathedrals featured large stained glass windows and were constructed out of stone, wood, iron, and stained glass. Famous Gothic cathedrals included Notre Dame, Chartres, Reims, and Westminster Abbey. The document also examines the religious, cultural, and historical context of the Gothic period in medieval Europe.
Byzantine Art
The document discusses several important Byzantine architectural and artistic works from the 6th-11th centuries, including:
Hagia Sophia in Istanbul, constructed between 532-537 under Anthemius of Tralles and Isidorus of Miletus.
The mosaics of San Vitale in Ravenna, Italy dating from 526-547 depicting Justinian, Theodora and other figures.
Sant'Apollinare in Classe in Ravenna with 6th century mosaics depicting Saint Apollinaris amid sheep.
Several other churches and artworks are mentioned from the 6th-14th centuries showcasing the Byzantine artistic tradition
Byzantine art
Byzantine art developed out of eastern Roman imperial art and reflected Christian religious themes. It utilized styles like mosaics, icons, and illuminated manuscripts. Major artistic periods included the Early Byzantine era featuring works like the Hagia Sophia and mosaics of Justinian and Theodora, the Iconoclastic controversy which banned religious images, and the Middle Byzantine period when icons were restored. Art was used to convey religious messages and assert political power in monumental church buildings and luxurious objects.
Byzantine Art
The document summarizes Byzantine art from the Early Byzantine period through the Late Byzantine period. Some key points include:
- Early Byzantine art flourished under Emperor Justinian in the 6th century, as seen in buildings like Hagia Sophia and mosaics at San Vitale.
- Iconoclasm occurred between the 8th to 9th centuries where icons were destroyed, but were later restored.
- Byzantine art is characterized by abstract mosaics and icons used for religious instruction, with bright colors and symbolic rather than realistic representations.
- Icons were central to Byzantine religion but also controversial during periods of iconoclasm when their use was prohibited.
Jewish and early christian art aneta, ar
Jewish and early Christian art from the 3rd to 5th centuries featured simple symbols like fish and anchors that represented Christianity. Early images depicted stories from the Old Testament and miracles of Christ. Between the 4th and 5th centuries, as Christianity became legalized, images of Christ's life and the Virgin Mary proliferated. Artistic styles remained largely Roman during this period. Important early sites that featured Christian art included the catacombs of Rome and the synagogue at Dura Europos in Syria.
Greek art
Greek pottery evolved over time from the Protogeometric to the Geometric to the Archaic ages, characterized by black figure and later red figure styles depicting mythological scenes. Greek architecture featured three column orders - Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian - that supported temples housing statues, altars, and trees. Major buildings on the Athens Acropolis included the Parthenon dedicated to Athena, the Erechtheum with sections for Athena and Poseidon, and the Temple of Athena Nike honoring the goddess of victory.
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St peter basilica final essay
St. Peter's Basilica is located in Vatican City and is considered one of the holiest sites in Catholicism. Construction began in 1506 under Pope Julius II and took over 120 years to complete, with multiple architects contributing throughout this period as the design evolved from Renaissance to Baroque styles. The current basilica was built to house the tomb of St. Peter and is renowned for its massive scale, dramatic dome, and ornate Baroque interior decorated with marble, gilt, and sculptures. With over 4 million annual visitors, St. Peter's Basilica remains one of the most significant religious structures in the world due to its rich history, architectural achievements, and status as a pilgrimage site.
Chambord - A French Renaissance Chateau
Along the river valley of Loire, south of Paris was a favourite region for the French nobility to build their chateaux. There are three royal chateaux in the valley - Chambord, Blois and Amboise. Leonardo da Vinci spent his final years here amongst these chateaux. Chenonceau chateau is one of the prettiest and had a female touch to it. If this is the case then it counterpart is Chambord, a the male chateau. It was built as a hunting lodge and many of its features were derived from traditional fortifications.
In 1515, the young Francis I of France came to the throne. It was under him France was united and strong. It was also the time French Absolute Monarchy began to appear. Chambord is very much his making. The emblems of Francis I were everywhere. It is also a French Renaissance building, incorporating Italian architecture elements like loggias, terrace, pilasters and horizontal mouldings decorating the facades. It is also French too with its massive towers, donjon and very high and steep roofs. Its roof it like a chessboard of towers and also like as a skyline of skyscrapers.
Today around the chateau is a large wildlife park with rich and varied wild life, a sanctuary for large animals. It is also an Unesco Heritage Site.
St Peter's Basilica
New St Peter's Basilica in Vatican City, Rome underwent major reconstruction in the 16th century after the old basilica fell into disrepair. Led by architects like Bramante, Michelangelo, Maderno, and Bernini over more than 100 years, the new basilica was built in Renaissance and Baroque styles. Its massive dome, supported by thick piers and vaults, towers over the nave, transepts, and apse. The basilica's lavish interior houses artwork like Michelangelo's Pietà and Bernini's papal altar. Its large square and colonnades make it a focal point in Rome.
Saint Peter’s Basilica
Saint Peter's Basilica is the largest church in the world located in Vatican City. It contains spectacular works of art like Michelangelo's famous dome and Bernini's bronze canopy. The basilica is a popular tourist attraction that can seat over 60,000 people and receives millions of visitors each year to see its grand architecture and religious significance as the burial site of St. Peter.
St peter basilica
St. Peter's Basilica in Rome is one of the largest churches in the world. The basilica was constructed between 1506-1626 over the site of the original 4th century St. Peter's Basilica. It was designed by architects including Bramante, Michelangelo, Maderno, and Bernini. The massive dome, one of the largest in the world, rises 120 meters and can be climbed by a small spiral staircase. The interior features a long nave, lavish marble decorations, and many artistic tombs. St. Peter's Square outside features tall colonnades, an obelisk, and fountains designed by Bernini.
St Peter’s Basilica
St. Peter's Basilica in Rome underwent many changes over centuries of construction. The current basilica was begun in 1506 on the site of the original 4th century church said to be above St. Peter's tomb. 10 architects contributed to its design, most significantly Bramante, Michelangelo, and Maderno. Bramante designed a Greek cross-shaped church with a large central dome. Michelangelo reverted to this design but with a more massive structure. Maderno extended it into a Latin cross with a long nave and added the famous facade. Features include Bernini's baldachin and decorations that make it the largest and one of the most magnificent churches in the world.
Renaissance architecture
The Renaissance architecture style originated in 15th century Italy and was inspired by ancient Greek and Roman architecture. It emphasized symmetry, proportion, geometry and classical orders. Early architects like Brunelleschi and Alberti helped establish Renaissance styles which emphasized order and classical details. During the High Renaissance, architects like Bramante and Raphael further developed classical concepts. Mannerism introduced more imaginative rhythms as the Renaissance ideal of harmony gave way. The Renaissance style then spread across Europe in the 16th century as other regions gained economic and political power.
Renaissance Architecture
The document discusses the architecture of St. Peter's Basilica and the Sistine Chapel in Rome. It describes the design of St. Peter's facade by Carlo Maderno and interior by Michelangelo. It then discusses the key role of Filippo Brunelleschi in developing Renaissance architecture, including his dome design for Florence Cathedral and use of classical proportions and symmetry that influenced later Renaissance buildings.
French renaissance
The French Renaissance began in the early 16th century as French armies brought Italian Renaissance art and styles back to France after wars in Italy. Three kings had the greatest influence on French Renaissance art: Francis I, Henry II, and Louis XIII. Francis I actively promoted the arts and invited Italian artists like da Vinci to France. Henry II's style marked the height of the French Renaissance with Italian classical influences. Louis XIII style saw Baroque influences and larger windows. Interior styles featured strapwork, scrolls, and mythological figures concentrated on floors, walls and ceilings. Furniture was carved with motifs and built solidly with Gothic structures and Italian ornamentation.
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Comparative Analysis between Gothic Architecture & Renaissance Architecture.
The document provides a comparative analysis of Gothic and Renaissance architecture. It discusses key differences in their time periods, styles, and prominent examples. Gothic architecture originated in 12th century France and used pointed arches, spires, stained glass windows and elaborate sculptures to emphasize verticality, as seen in Amiens Cathedral. Renaissance architecture emerged in 15th century Florence and was inspired by classical Roman symmetry, geometry and orders. This is exemplified by St. Peter's Basilica, which uses pilasters, symmetrical facades and domes rather than the intricate designs of Gothic cathedrals.
Ancient Greek Architecture
Ancient Greek architecture had a significant influence on Western civilization. The Greeks are known for constructing temples, theaters, and other civic buildings using distinctive styles like Doric, Ionic and Corinthian. A prime example is the Parthenon temple built in Athens between 447-432 BCE which showcased the Greeks' artistic skills in construction and design. Greek architecture placed an emphasis on harmony, proportion and making buildings that were integrated with their natural surroundings. These architectural achievements demonstrated the Greeks' innovative spirit and emphasis on human-scale design.
m.a. western.pptx
Medieval Gothic Art flourished in Europe between the 12th-16th centuries and included paintings, sculptures, architecture, manuscripts and texts. Key characteristics of Gothic architecture included large stained glass windows, pointed arches, rib vaults, flying buttresses, and ornate decoration. Prominent Gothic artists mentioned include Cimabue, Giotto, Duccio di Buoninsegna, and examples of Gothic paintings discussed are The Angle and The Annunciation by Simone Martini, The Miracle of The Spring by Giotto, Crucifixion by Giovanni cimabue, and The coronation of the virgin by Fra Angelico.
design journal ancient egypt ancient greeceancient
design journal
ancient egypt
ancient greece
ancient rome
gothic
italian renaissance
french baroque
french rococo
neoclassical
empire
georgian
victorian
shaker
thonet
art and crafts
art nouveau/vienne secession
international
art deco
mid century modern
pop
DANIELA YEPEZ-HISTORY OF INTERIOR DESIGN- PROF.CHRISTINA GONANO
ancient egypt
MINOTTI.COM
SELF BY RODOLFO DORDONII
The wooden stool from the
Ancient Egypt epoque has
various elements that are
repeated in the Self Lounge
Chair by Rudolfo Dordonii.
The leather fabric and the
X support structure can be
observed in the contemporary
design of Dordonii. The only
material differenciation in the
Dordonii creation is the stain-
less still. Ancestral ideas are
still being used today
Ancient Egypt is known for the use of Papyrus, Wooden
Goods, Rafts and boats, Writing Material.
Moreover, the animal products such as bone, ivory, feath-
ers, fur, shell, leather were used and are still being used
in the design field of today adding luxury to the pieces.
ancient greece
YATZER.COM
DEZEEN OFFICES
IN A RESTORED BUILDING
LOCATED IN LONDON.
The influence of Acient Greece in
the modern world can still be ap-
preciated. For example: Philippe
Malouin, head of local studio
Post Officce, applied draparey to
separate spaces and bring dyna-
mism among the users. Moreover,
he adapt the exposed ceiling with
glass to allow natural light. This
two features were seen in the An-
cient Greece time and now they
are features that are translated as
contemporary aspects.
In Acient Greece drapery used decorativeley and func-
tionally to divide space. Columns were used structurally
to divide space. Moreover, the sections of mosaics were
used to difine floor space. The exposed beams in the ceil-
ing were applied.
ancient rome
YATZER.COM
BAGATTIN VALSECCHI M.
A PALAZZO
LOCATED IN MILAN.
The Bagattin Valsecchi Museum
curated by the Rossana Orlandi
in Milan, is the perfect example
to demostrate the Ancient Rome
style today in a modern way. Visi-
tors can perceive this style in a
contemporary approach due to
the contrast between the interior
elements (ceilings, walls, floor)
and the ultra modern furniture
pieces that are now exhibit in this
historical building. The Contrast
betwwen style is the new trend in
design.
Ancient Rome is characterized as a time were religion was the
most important aspect in the citizen’s life, art, architecture,
interiors and more. Painting was a vitalmethod to acheive the
learning of the importance of religion and church. The interior
are full of ornaments, strong colors, detailed walls, floors and
ceilings that were always
emphasizing GOD.
gothic
YLIVING.COM
IN-HIGH EASY CHAIR
The Gothic style in these oak
chairs is very notorious. The
design is described as rectilinear,
box like and hinged seat. The col-
or is obscure and hierarchy is per ...
How Did Roman Architecture Impact The Renaissance
The passage discusses how Palladio influenced architecture through his designs of symmetrical buildings based on classical Roman styles. His works were studied closely by many architects seeking to emulate his perfection of proportion and harmony. Palladio established architectural rules and principles through his designs that lacked explanation but were seen as beautifully ideal. His influence has endured from the Renaissance to today, establishing him as one of the most influential architects in history.
ROCOCO AND BAROQUE
Rococo and Baroque were 18th century artistic styles that influenced architecture, interior design, and other art forms. Rococo developed in France as a more ornate and whimsical interpretation of Baroque, featuring light colors, asymmetry, and natural motifs. Notable Rococo buildings included palaces in Russia, Portugal, and Germany. Baroque preceded Rococo and emphasized grandeur, symmetry, and strict order. It originated in Rome and was used by the Catholic Church to showcase its wealth and power through dramatic lighting, ornate decorations, and large-scale art. Baroque architecture spread across Europe and Latin America in the 17th century.
St. Peter's Basilica
Situated in the heart of Vatican City, St. Peter's Basilica stands as an extraordinary testament to the splendor of Renaissance architecture and the enduring legacy of one of the world's most influential religious institutions. Designed by a cohort of brilliant architects, including Michelangelo and Gian Lorenzo Bernini, this iconic structure has become a symbol of artistic and spiritual excellence. This article will delve into the rich history, architectural brilliance, and cultural significance of St. Peter's Basilica.
Architectural Design - InfoBarrel
Architectural design is a broad subject but studying it is necessary to get an insight on architectu...
William EvansPost University Art History IA Trip t.docx
William EvansPost University Art History I
A Trip to the Metropolitan Museum
The visit is blood-curdling and gives a fantastic experience
Metropolitan Museum of Art can easily fit among the famous legendary European museums
The museum is iconic Beaux-Arts façade
Visiting Metropolitan Museum of Art has left me recalling of that blood-curdling and fantastic experience. Being one of the world’s premier cultural institutions and houses, it significantly encompasses nearly everything from the ancient classics to the modern masters. With its iconic Beaux-Arts façade, Metropolitan Museum of Art can easily fit among the famous legendary European museums. Although it is distinctly American and New York experience, it is a melting pot of the spectacular art and the artifacts from across time and the world. Interestingly, the museum is fondly referred to as the Met and visitors can travel from as far as Paleolithic Egypt to the Neolithic Near East to experience their culture in the form of artifacts in the museum.
What I realized is that Met features a comprehensive collection of calligraphy, art and even ritual objects from Nepal, China, and Tibet. I was further fascinated by the artifact of Sarcophagus of Junius Bassus and ignited my curiosity, and I immediately yearned to know its origin and history of this magnificent artifact (Baetjer, 1999).
*
Sarcophagus of Junius Bassus
Sarcophagus of Junius Bassus is a significant marble of Early Christian Sarcophagus
used for the burial of Junius Bassus
the sarcophagus was placed in the Old St. Peter’s Basilica inside the Vatican
Sarcophagus of Junius Bassus is a significant marble of Early Christian Sarcophagus that was used for the burial of Junius Bassus, who is known to have died in 359. Importantly, it has then been described as the single most famous piece of early Christian relief sculpture. Originally, the sarcophagus was placed in the Old St. Peter’s Basilica inside the Vatican. Moreover, is one of the oldest surviving high-status sarcophagi with clear and elaborate carvings of Christian themes with complicated iconographic plans that embrace both the old and new testaments.
*
Junius Bassus
Junius Bassus was a significant figure and a senator
headed the government capital as the Praefectus Urbi
Bassus converted to Christianity shortly at the verge of his death
Junius Bassus was a significant figure and a senator who was the head of the government capital as the Praefectus Urbi at the time of his death in 359 when he was 42 years. Just as the artifact of sarcophagus depicts, Bassus converted to Christianity shortly at the verge of his death (Stokstad, 2010).
*
Style and art of sarcophagus
the workmanship and cooperation were of the highest quality
the sculpture shows fewer features of the late antique style of sculpture
the sculpture ignores practically all the rules obeyed by official artifacts
reflects a blending of the late Hellenic style with the contemporary Roman and Ital.
Baroque period
The document discusses several key aspects of Rococo architecture. It began as a lighter, more ornate version of Baroque architecture, with more elaborate details. Rococo originated in decorative arts but showed in painting through delicate colors, curving forms, and mythological subjects. While sometimes seen as too frivolous for churches, Rococo could be incorporated into sacred spaces if toned down. Examples of notable Rococo staircases and sculptures are provided.
3. gothic architecture
Gothic architecture developed between 1150 and 1400 AD in Europe. It evolved from Romanesque architecture with key innovations like pointed arches, rib vaulting, and flying buttresses that allowed for taller buildings with larger windows. Gothic cathedrals became important symbols of towns and featured stained glass, sculpture, and elaborate tracery. The style progressed through experimental, classical, and flamboyant stages before declining at the end of the 15th century.
Essay assignment
The document discusses the Victoria and Albert Museum in London. It was designed in the Palladian style by architects including Aston Webb in the late 19th century. The museum houses over 4.5 million objects from its founding in 1857 and serves as both an artwork collection and place of education and research in design and art. It reflects the spirit of its time through its Palladian architecture and emphasis on arts education.
Baroque & Rococo
The document provides an overview of the Baroque period in art and architecture from approximately 1600 to 1750. It was characterized by dramatic, elaborate decoration and highly emotional religious art and architecture. Key figures who defined the Baroque style included Bernini in Rome with works like the Baldachin at St. Peter's. The Rococo style developed later as a more ornate offshoot of Baroque that emphasized asymmetry, curves and lightness. Examples of Rococo architecture include palaces in France, Germany, Russia and elsewhere across Europe.
An introduction to Gothic art
Gothic art originated in France in the mid-12th century and spread across Europe until the 15th century. It was an urban artform that flourished as cities grew more prosperous. Gothic cathedrals with pointed arches, ribbed vaults, and large windows symbolized cities' prestige and status. These architectural innovations allowed for taller, brighter buildings supported by exterior buttresses and counterforts. Gothic sculpture and paintings also became more naturalistic and expressive than the Romanesque style.
Ancien regime iii
During the 18th century, two new artistic styles emerged in Europe - Rococo and Neoclassicism. Rococo art reflected the tastes of the nobility and featured ornate decoration, curved lines, pastel colors, and themes of mythology and joy. Neoclassicism was inspired by classical antiquity and reflected Enlightenment ideas of order and reason. It featured symmetrical architectural designs with columns and domes, marble sculptures of mythology and history, and figures painted in an austere, statue-like style. Both styles spread across Europe, including in Spain, influencing architecture, sculpture, painting, and interior design of the time.
Humanitiessssssss
The document discusses the origins and key characteristics of Gothic art and architecture. It began in 12th century France as pointed arches, ribbed vaults, and flying buttresses allowed for taller buildings with more windows. Gothic cathedrals featured stained glass, sculpture, and were designed to glorify God through light and religious imagery. The style spread across Europe influencing painting, sculpture, and other architecture like castles through the 15th century before Renaissance ideals emerged.
Ancien regime iii
During the 18th century, two new artistic styles emerged in Europe - Rococo and Neoclassicism. Rococo art reflected the tastes of the nobility and featured ornate decoration, curves, and themes representing joy. Neoclassicism imitated classical Greek and Roman styles and reflected Enlightenment ideas of order and reason. It featured symmetrical architectural designs with columns and domes. Both styles influenced painting, sculpture, and architecture in countries across Europe like France, Spain, and others.
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Comparative Analysis between Gothic Architecture & Renaissance Architecture.
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- 2. Gothic Renaissance Elements Styles Potluck $100 $100 $100 $100 $100 $200 $200 $200 $200 $200 $300 $300 $300 $300 $300 $400 $400 $400 $400 $400
- 3. $100 The inclusion of which single architecture element allowed Gothic structures to reach incredible new heights?
- 4. $200 Which Gothic Cathedral is compared to the “Parthenon” of this era as it first represented a complete display of the pure Gothic style?
- 5. $300 This decorative and functional architectural element was used as a water drainage device on great cathedrals…
- 6. $400 Abbot Sugar helped spur the Gothic movement with the featured integration of which primary Gothic element(s)?
- 7. $100 In what City/Country did the Renaissance Period begin?
- 8. $200 Which Renaissance architect created the Foundling Hospital & why was it so unique?
- 9. $300 Which architect designed the marvelous Dome atop Florence Cathedral?
- 10. $400 This philosophical movement of the day helped spur the great Renaissance period in art & architecture…
- 11. $100 What type of unique architectural structures were highly developed for defense during violent medieval times?
- 12. $200 Which architect created the “Mannerism” style? Bonus Q- Name the 1 st Mannerist design!
- 13. $300 What style of architecture is based on the concept of a “Mishapen Pearl?”
- 14. $400 What style of architecture were most early monasteries completed in?
- 15. $100 This leader named Christianity as the official religion of the Great Roman Empire…
- 16. $200 This architectural monument located in Turkey, was both a Islamic mosque & a Christian church & si known as the church of “Divine Wisdom”
- 17. $300 This decorative material dominated the interiors of many Byzantine churches
- 18. $400 Which floor plan style was prominent during this period?
- 19. $100 This “artistic movement” helped spurred the advent of the Baroque Style…
- 20. $200 This lighter, more feminine & decorative style evolved directly from the Baroque style…
- 21. $300 What structure is consider the 1 st to be fully completed in the Gothic style?
- 22. $400 What structure contains the first flying buttresses?
Editor's Notes
- Flying Buttress
- Notre Dame Paris
- Gargoyle
- St. Denis- Flying buttress & Stained Glass-
- Florence, Italy
- Brunelleschi
- Brunelleschi
- Humanism
- Castles
- Constantine
- Hagia Sophia
- Mosaic
- Basilica and cruiciform
- Mannerism
- Rococo