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Arable farming
This document provides information about arable farming practices in the UK, including the types of arable crops grown, the benefits of crop rotation, and the typical production cycle and activities involved in growing wheat, potatoes, oilseed rape, and sugar beet. It notes that while pollution incidents and pesticide levels in rivers have declined since 1990 due to environmental improvements, some farmland wildlife species are still declining and nutrients, pesticides, and sediment continue to pollute watercourses. Key farmland bird populations have experienced dramatic declines of 55-89% since 1970.
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Arable farming
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- 4. Arable Crops • Cereals –Wheat, Barley, Oats • Oilseeds – Oilseed Rape, Linseed • Legumes – Clover, Peas, Beans • Root Crops – Potatoes, Sugar Beet, Field Veg • Forage crops – Stubble Turnips, Maize
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- 7. Crop Rotation • Soilfertility • Crop weeds, pests, diseases • Spread risk • Timing & workload • Crop use – bi-products
- 8. Production Cycle • Cultivation •Planting • Nutrition • Crop protection • Harvest • Storage
- 9. Cultivation • Bury trash •Loosen soil • Plant into clean soil
- 10. Planting • Fine, firmtilth • Seed rate, depth • Tramlines
- 11. Nutrition • Fertilizer • FYMand Slurry • N,P,K • Timing • Pollution • Cost
- 12. Crop Protection • Weeds– competition • Pests – damage • Diseases – damage • Human/animal health • Quantity – yield • Quality – use
- 13. Harvest • Timing • Weather •Crop condition • Trafficking • Aftermath • Storage
- 14. An Arable Year MonthWheat Potatoes OSR Sugar Beet Sept Cultivate Drilling Campaig n begins Oct Drilling Nov/Dec Sprays Sprays Jan/Feb Cultivate De-stone Cultivate
- 15. March Fertilizer CultivateFertilizer Spray Drilling April Fertilizer Spray Planting Flowering Sprays May Spray Spray Spray Sprays June Spray 1st Earlies harvested Swath/ Dessicate Sprays July Harvest 2nd Earlies harvested Harvest August Harvest Main crop harvest
- 16. 3 signs ofEnvironmental Improvement • Pollution incidents caused by farming have fallen by 92% since 1990 • Levels of pesticides detected in rivers have declined • Some farmland wildlife species have begun to stabilise and recover (otters and stone curlews) Source: Good Farming, Better Environment by EA and NFU
- 17. Top 3 Concerns •Nutrients, pesticides and sediment from farms are still polluting watercourses • Some farmland species are still in decline – 6 out of the 9 most threatened farmland bird species (starling, turtle dove, yellowhammer, linnet, grey partridge, and skylark) continue to decline. • Climate change implications still unknown Source: Good Farming, Better Environment by EA and NFU
- 19. Dramatic Decline inFarmland Birds 89% Since 1970 55% Since 1970 88% Since 1970 Population Decline
- 20. What changes infarming practices have led to species decline?