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The Arabs quickly spread throughout the Iberian Peninsula in the late 6th century unopposed and established control over the region called Al-Andalus, ruled by the Caliph of Damascus. The Arab domination of Spain lasted eight centuries. Between 719-729, what is now the Community of Madrid was occupied by Muslims and was part of Al-Andalus for 500 years. During this time, the Muslims built castles, watchtowers, and founded Madrid to communicate via smoke signals. The Umayyad Caliphate exercised power over Al-Andalus, with its capital in Córdoba.
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Al-Andalus had highly urbanized societies centered around important cities like Cordoba, which was one of the largest cities in the world during the 10th century with over 100,000 inhabitants. Muslim cities were laid out with fortified walls and an alcázar or citadel at the center for political and military purposes. The medina contained the main mosque and souk market at the city center, while artisans lived in outer arrabales neighborhoods. Cities featured baths that were an important part of Islamic culture and hygiene practices.
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After the Umayyad caliphate fell in Damascus, the last surviving member fled to Iberia and established himself as the Emir of Cordoba in 756. He made Cordoba the capital and established the Umayyad emirate. For over two centuries, Córdoba flourished under the emirs and caliphs, becoming one of the most advanced cities in Europe with vast libraries, philosophical and scientific achievements, and a prosperous economy. However, internal struggles after the caliphate's collapse in 1031 led to the fragmentation of Al-Andalus into competing taifa kingdoms, weakening Muslim rule and allowing the Christian reconquista to gain ground.
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The document summarizes key events in the struggle for power in the Mediterranean Sea between the Ottoman Empire led by Suleiman and the Holy Roman Empire led by Charles V in the 1500s. Suleiman sought to expand the Ottoman Empire into Europe and sent forces to besiege the island of Rhodes, held by the Knights of Saint John, forcing their retreat after three months. The Barbarossa brothers used their naval skills to conduct piracy against Spanish coastal towns until Charles sent troops to defeat one brother and the other joined Suleiman. Both empires sought to gain control of the Mediterranean, with Suleiman supporting the pirate Hayrettin Barbarossa and Charles hiring the admiral Andrea Doria to counter
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1) Cordova became the capital of the Umayyad Emirate in Spain after the last Umayyad established rule there in 756.
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Al andalus ( English)
Al Andalus was the Muslim-ruled area of Iberia from 711-1492 CE. It started as a dependent emirate before becoming an independent emirate and later a caliphate based in Cordoba. The caliphate disintegrated into rival taifa kingdoms in the 11th century before the Almoravids and later Almohads unified the region again. Eventually the Nasrid Kingdom of Granada was established, lasting until 1492 when it fell to the Catholic Monarchs and became part of Christian Spain.
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The Visigothic Kingdom ruled Hispania from 500 to 711 AD. They converted to Christianity and based their laws on Roman law. Muslims from northern Africa invaded Visigothic Spain in 711 AD, establishing the territory of Al-Andalus with its capital in Córdoba. The document provides background on Visigothic society and the Muslim invasion and conquest of the Iberian Peninsula during the Middle Ages.
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Al-Andalus had highly urbanized societies centered around important cities like Cordoba, which was one of the largest cities in the world during the 10th century with over 100,000 inhabitants. Muslim cities were laid out with fortified walls and an alcázar or citadel at the center for political and military purposes. The medina contained the main mosque and souk market at the city center, while artisans lived in outer arrabales neighborhoods. Cities featured baths that were an important part of Islamic culture and hygiene practices.
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After the Umayyad caliphate fell in Damascus, the last surviving member fled to Iberia and established himself as the Emir of Cordoba in 756. He made Cordoba the capital and established the Umayyad emirate. For over two centuries, Córdoba flourished under the emirs and caliphs, becoming one of the most advanced cities in Europe with vast libraries, philosophical and scientific achievements, and a prosperous economy. However, internal struggles after the caliphate's collapse in 1031 led to the fragmentation of Al-Andalus into competing taifa kingdoms, weakening Muslim rule and allowing the Christian reconquista to gain ground.
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The document summarizes key events in the struggle for power in the Mediterranean Sea between the Ottoman Empire led by Sultan Suleiman and the Holy Roman Empire led by Charles V in the 1500s. It describes the Siege of Rhodes by the Ottomans, which forced the Knights of Saint John to retreat. It then discusses the Barbarossa brothers who led corsair fleets against the Spanish coast until Charles defeated one brother and the other joined the Ottomans. Finally, it notes Charles hired Admiral Andrea Doria to help strike back against Suleiman and the Ottoman commander Hayrettin on the Grecian coast.
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The document summarizes key events in the struggle for power in the Mediterranean Sea between the Ottoman Empire led by Suleiman and the Holy Roman Empire led by Charles V in the 1500s. Suleiman sought to expand the Ottoman Empire into Europe and sent forces to besiege the island of Rhodes, held by the Knights of Saint John, forcing their retreat after three months. The Barbarossa brothers used their naval skills to conduct piracy against Spanish coastal towns until Charles sent troops to defeat one brother and the other joined Suleiman. Both empires sought to gain control of the Mediterranean, with Suleiman supporting the pirate Hayrettin Barbarossa and Charles hiring the admiral Andrea Doria to counter
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2) Under the Umayyads, Cordova grew into a major intellectual center of Europe with celebrated libraries and schools. The Great Mosque of Cordova, built in 788, became a prominent place of learning.
3) At its peak under Caliph Abd al-Rahman III and his son al-Hakam II from the 10th century, Cordova contained half a million inhabitants and was one of the most wealthy and cultured cities in the world, with opulent palaces, art, and patronage of learning that drew students from across
Al andalus ( English)
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The Visigothic Kingdom ruled Hispania from 500 to 711 AD. They converted to Christianity and based their laws on Roman law. Muslims from northern Africa invaded Visigothic Spain in 711 AD, establishing the territory of Al-Andalus with its capital in Córdoba. The document provides background on Visigothic society and the Muslim invasion and conquest of the Iberian Peninsula during the Middle Ages.
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Al-Andalus was a medieval Muslim territory in the Iberian Peninsula (modern Spain and Portugal) between 711-1492 CE. At its peak in the 8th century, it controlled most of the Iberian Peninsula as well as southern France. It was initially ruled as a province of the Umayyad Caliphate before becoming autonomous states like the Emirate of Córdoba and successor kingdoms. Al-Andalus experienced a golden age of culture and learning before gradually declining due to conflicts with Christian kingdoms to the north during the Reconquista that eventually led to its fall with the surrender of Granada in 1492.
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2) The Abbasid dynasty replaced the Umayyads and moved the capital to Baghdad, consolidating power over a vast bureaucracy.
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Created by María Jesús Campos, teacher of Social Studies, Geography and History in a bilingual section in Madrid
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Here are 3 activities related to the document:
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The early history of Al-Andalus saw the Muslim conquest of the Iberian Peninsula in 711 and the establishment of an independent Emirate of Córdoba by Abd al-Rahman I in 756. Over the following centuries, the Caliphate of Córdoba rose to prominence as a center of culture and learning before declining and fracturing into taifa kingdoms in the 11th century. As the taifas fought each other, Christian kingdoms took the opportunity to advance southward in the Reconquista.
Islam
The document summarizes the origins and spread of Islam. It began in 7th century Arabia, founded by the prophet Muhammad. The religion's core beliefs are the five pillars of Islam. After Muhammad's death, the new Islamic civilization expanded rapidly across Asia, Africa, and into Europe. The Umayyad and Abbasid caliphates presided over the golden age of early Islamic rule and civilization.
Unit 5. al andalus&art
The document provides an overview of the history and culture of Al-Andalus. It summarizes that:
The Muslim conquest of the Iberian Peninsula began in 711 CE and within a few years they had occupied nearly the entire region, establishing the independent Emirate of Cordoba by 756 CE. This evolved into the powerful Caliphate of Cordoba from 929-1031 CE, which saw a golden age of culture and learning. However, internal conflicts later caused the fragmentation of Al-Andalus into competing taifa states by 1031 CE, weakening the region as Christian kingdoms grew in strength. The last remnants of Muslim rule in Iberia ended with the fall of Granada
Al-Andalus & Christian Kingdoms 2ºA
The early history of Al-Andalus
By the 8th century, Muslims had expanded beyond Arabia and controlled North Africa. In 711, they crossed into the Iberian Peninsula, defeating the Visigoth King Roderic. They occupied most of the peninsula but not the mountainous regions. The Muslims called their new territory Al-Andalus, with its capital at Córdoba, dependent on the Umayyad caliphate. Over time Al-Andalus fragmented into taifa states and the Christian kingdoms grew in strength, gradually reconquering Muslim lands.
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Al-Andalus & The Christian Kingdoms. 2 º ESO Best Compilation
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Ancient Greece
The Egyptians built pyramids to bury pharaohs' sarcophagi in protected chambers. They worshipped cats and other gods with animal heads as part of their polytheistic religion. When a pharaoh died, they underwent mummification and were buried with jewelry and their organs in canopic jars to prepare for the afterlife. Slaves wore short robes tied at the waist while pharaohs and nobles wore jewelry and makeup.
The Aztecs
The Aztec empire engaged in barter trade, exchanging goods from the Tenochtitlan area for luxury items from other cities. Tenochtitlan had the largest market in the world at its peak, located in Tlatelolco square where they traded slaves, prisoners of war, cocoa, and exotic fruits. The Aztecs mined obsidian which was used to make weapons and everyday objects. Textiles were also important, with cotton and maguey fiber being the primary products. Aztec society was stratified, with nobles owning land worked by servants and slaves. Ordinary people consisted of artisans, merchants, and peasants. Slaves could be prisoners of war, criminals, or people with large
The Mesopotamians
The Mesopotamians lived in the region between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers in modern-day Iraq. They relied on these rivers for irrigation and grew crops like wheat and barley. In the third millennium BC, King Hammurabi united several Mesopotamian nations into a single kingdom based in Babylon. Babylon was a major city with royal palaces, temples, and defensive walls. The Mesopotamians believed many gods controlled different aspects of life and made offerings to them. They developed one of the earliest systems of writing using symbols on clay tablets.
The Mayas
The Mayans had customs of building pyramids with many steps and making human sacrifices by burning people alive to offer to their gods. They worshipped many gods and did not have domesticated animals for transportation like horses. Dogs were used in war for attacking. The Mayans had a social hierarchy structured like a pyramid with slaves at the bottom.
Egypt
The document provides an overview of ancient Egyptian civilization from its origins along the Nile River around 1500 BC to its fall to the Roman Empire in 30 BC. Some of Egypt's greatest achievements included monumental architecture like the pyramids and temples of Luxor, advanced irrigation methods for agriculture, and accomplishments in art, mathematics, and medicine. The civilization progressed through stable kingdoms separated by unstable intermediate periods and ultimately came under rule of the Greek Ptolemaic Dynasty before becoming a Roman province.
The Maya Civilization
The Maya civilization spread throughout Mesoamerica between the 3rd and 15th centuries. Their society was organized into city-states with a social hierarchy led by nobility and priests. The Maya had a complex agricultural economy and advanced understanding of mathematics and astronomy. They developed impressive art, architecture, and pyramid temples. The Maya religion centered on a pantheon of gods and important ball games.
Zeus, hera and the olympic games
Zeus was the most powerful god in Greek mythology and ruled the sky and thunder. He was married to Hera, the queen of the gods and goddess of marriage. The ancient Olympic games began in 776 BC in Olympia, Greece as athletic competitions between city-states and continued until being banned in 393 AD, later inspiring the modern Olympics which began in 1896.
Cartago
A Phoenician princess named Elissa founded the ancient city of Carthage in Tunisia in the 9th century BC after escaping her brother. Carthage came to dominate Northern Africa, Sicily, Sardinia, Corsica, and the Balearic Islands through its powerful navy. This dominance led to conflicts with Rome called the Punic Wars. After the second Punic War, in which Hannibal crossed the Alps with his army, Carthage sued for peace but was forced to accept harsh terms by Rome that ultimately ended Carthage as a power.
Leonardo da vinci
Leonardo da Vinci was born illegitimately in 1452 in Vinci, Italy. He was an archetype of the Renaissance man, with universal genius and talents in multiple disciplines. He is considered one of the greatest painters of all time. One of his most famous paintings is The Last Supper from 1498. Da Vinci also painted The Virgin of the Rocks between 1483-1486, which caused a legal dispute over copies. He died in 1519 in Amboise, France at the age of 67.
Ancient egypt 2003
The culture of ancient Egypt evolved over 3000 years from the Neolithic period to Roman times and was divided into three empires separated by intermediate periods. Sphinxes were devised by ancient Egyptians and held cultural significance in Greek mythology. Music in ancient Egypt represented knowledge through organized sounds, and art in architecture, sculpture, painting and jewelry demonstrated skilled craftsmanship.
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The Amazons were a civilization of warrior women from Greek mythology led by queens such as Pentesilea and Hipolita. They lived near the Amazon River and had a matriarchal society where they did not allow men to live with them, instead visiting nearby men's tribes once a year to have children, keeping only female offspring. The Amazons dressed in animal skins and fought skillfully with bows, spears and horses, winning many battles through their combat talents.
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- 2. Arabs are quickly spread throughout the Peninsula unopposed.'s called Al- Andalus ruled by the Caliph of Damascus .The Arab domination of Spain lasted eight centuries.
- 3. The Arabs came from the Asian Peninsula, where the late sixth century, the Prophet Muhammad inspired by God assuming formed a new religion (Islam). Made of a warrior with Arab tribes called the Caliphs village leaders, dominated much of Asia and all Africa where invaded northern Spain.
- 5. In S. V, the lands that now form our Community were occupied by the Visigoths, like the rest of the Peninsula. Between 719 and 729, the current Community of Madrid was occupied by Muslims and was part of Al-Andalus for 500 years. The Muslims built some castles and numerous watchtowers that communicated with each other smoke signals and bonfires. In the ninth century, Muslims founded Mayrit (Madrid).
- 6. The Umayyad / s Caliphate. The Umayyad lineage was an Arab caliphate exercised power, first in the East, with its capital in Damascus, then in al-Andalus with its capital in Cordoba (Spain).