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Climate-smart agriculture investment prioritization framework
The document presents a framework for prioritizing climate-smart agriculture (CSA) investments aimed at enhancing agricultural productivity, resilience to climate change, and food security. It discusses challenges in scaling CSA practices, outlines methodologies for assessing and selecting CSA options, and emphasizes the importance of stakeholder involvement in decision-making processes. The framework supports decision-makers at various levels, focusing on data collection, evaluating costs and benefits, and identifying indicators to measure CSA performance.
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Climate-smart agriculture investment prioritization framework
- 1. Climate-smart agriculture investment prioritizationframework 1 December 2014 – Lima, Peru Workshop: Tools and methods for planning and decision-making for agriculture and climate change Caitlin Corner-Dolloff CIAT, Decision and Policy Analysis (DAPA) c.corner-dolloff@cgiar.org Ana Maria Loboguerrero , Andy Jarvis, Andreea Nowak, Miguel Lizarazo, Mario Fuentes, Rado Barzev, Carlos Ardila, Osana Bonilla, Deissy Martinez Baron, Jorge Maldonado, John Gomez, Jeimar Tapasco, David Abreu, Todd Rosenstock (ICRAF), Evan Girvetz
- 2. Contents 1. Climate-Smart Agriculture? 2.Challenges for scaling up CSA interventions - CCAFS 3. Prioritization Framework 1. Process 2. Indicators 3. Characteristics 4. Actions in progress
- 3. Climate-smart agriculture (CSA)? “agriculturethat sustainably increases productivity, enhances resilience, reduces/removes GHGs, and enhances achievement of national food security and development goals” (FAO 2010). Productivity Adaptation Mitigation
- 4. Forestry • Agroforestry • Livingfences Crop Production System • Intercropping • Conservation Agriculture Soil Management • Mulching • Improved fallow Water Management • Terracing • Drip irrigation CSA Categories and Practices Fish and Aquaculture • Aquasilviculture Energy • Bio-digesters for biogas Climate Risk Management • Meteorological advisories - early warning systems Policies/Institutions • Index based insurance schemes Pest and Disease Management • Bio-pesticides • Beneficial organisms Genetic Resource Management • Higher tolerance to heat and water stress Livestock • Zero Grazing • Silvopastoral systems Value Chains • On farm value- added products
- 5. Challenges for scalingout CSA CSA Country Profiles • What are ongoing CSA activities and demand for CSA? • Can CSA investment have impact at scale? • Lack of data about CSA practice performance • No clear set of metrics to evaluate CSA practices • Lack of analytical frameworks to guide selection of promising practices CSA Compendium CSA Prioritization Framework (Guatemala, Mali, Viet Nam)
- 6. Objectives and potentialuses • Support agriculture development and climate change planning, oriented at achieving impact • Support the selection and prioritization of investment portfolios • Build technical knowledge about CSA and CSA practices Potential users 1° Decision makers at the National level (Ministries) 2° Producer associations, NGOs 3° Donors CSA Prioritization Framework
- 7. • Review CBAresults of top options • Discuss options rankings (trade-offs) • Select CSA portfolios • Calculate aggregate benefits • Collect data on costs & benefits of practices • Calculate cost-benefit or cost-effectiveness of each top option • Identify synergies between top options • Validate results from Phase 1 • Visualize trade-offs • Document opportunities and barriers to adoption and ability to overcome them • Select indicators of interest • Weight CSA pillars • Assess practices based on indicators • Methods: literature review, expert interiews and/or surveys, etc. Ranked long list of CSA practices Long list of CSA options Short list of piority (top) CSA practices (5-10) Analysis / valuation of top options Ranked short list of practices based on CBA CSA Investment Portfolios Implementation strategy based on opportunities & constraints identified PHASE 1 Initial assessment of CSA options PHASE 2 Workshop #1 Identification of top CSA options PHASE 3 Calculation of costs & benefits (CBA) of top CSA options PHASE 4 Workshop #2 Portfolio development Filter by scope & context (target beneficiaries, production systems, threats) Portfolio of prioritized CSA investments The CSA Prioritization Framework
- 8. Look for CSA practicesrelated to the context of interest: Region, productive systems, … Web Portal Prototype
- 9. Tools can guide selectionof geographic scope and crops and threats of interest Filter 1: Search related to context Result: List of practices relevant to context Region Country Production System Type Production system CSA Category•Sub-Saharan Africa •Middle East and North Africa •Eastern Europe and Central Asia •South Asia •East Asia and Pacific •Latin America and Caribbean •A Angola Argentina etc. B Bahamas Barbados etc. C Cambodia Chile etc. Z etc. •Coastal plantation & mixed •Maize-beans (Mesoamerica) •Intensive highland mixed (North Andes) •Extensive mixed (Cerrados & Llanos) •Temperate mixed (Pampas) •Dryland mixed •Etc. •Peer reviewed article •Report •Thesis/ dissertation •Unpublished data •Working paper •Book chapter •Other • Beans • Fruits • Livestock • Maize • Nuts, seeds • Vegetables • Roots, tubers • Sorghum • Wheat • Etc. CSA Practice • Agronomy • Agroforestry • Livestock • Postharvest • Food/Energy Systems Source Type • Intercropping • Live fences • Silvopastoral systems • Conservation agriculture • Green manure with leguminous • Compost • Crop rotation • Etc.
- 10. 1 List ofrelevant practices 2 Information about how practices perform regarding certain indicators 3 Identify missing information association with indicators 4 The database links directly with the prioritization tool
- 11. Possible for users toadd their own information
- 12. CSA Indicators Outcomes of practiceat plot/farm level Outcomes inherent to practice Limited context needed beyond plot level dynamics Outcomes of practice at landscape level Assessment of aggregate effects Links with area on landscape relevant for different practices Outcomes of implementation Outcomes less related to specific practice Limited assistance in deciding between practices Current CSA Prior. Tool
- 13. CSA Indicators for evaluatingpractices Δ Yield * Δ Variability * Δ Labor * Δ Income * Production Δ Off farm CO2-eq emissions Δ On farm CO2-eq emissions * Δ Emissions intensity * Mitigation Δ (kg/ha/yr) ΔSD(kg/ha/yr) Δ (hr/ha/yr) Δ(net $/ha/yr) (LCA CO2eq/yr) (g CO2eq/m2/yr) (g CO2eq/m2/yr) Pillar Sub IndicatorIndicator Measure Δ C balance: soils and biomass * Δ N2O emissions * Δ CH4 emissions * Δ (g C/m2/yr) Δ BC emissions Δ Albedo Δ (g C/m2/yr) Δ (g CH4/m2/yr) Δ (g BC/m2/yr) Δ (0-1 reflectivity coefficient and W/m2) Δ Land use change Δ GHGs from inputs Δ (g CO2-eq/m2/yr) Δ (g CO2-eq/m2/yr) * Indicator also currently being included in CSA Compendium; ** Indicators currently being included in CSA compendium, but different calculation being used
- 14. Δ Food access** Δ Ecosystem services * Δ Gendered impacts * Δ Resilience Adaptation Δ Eco-efficiency * Δ (kcal/person/yr) Δ (aggregated sub-indicators) Δ (aggregated sub-indicators) Ordinal (e.g. 0-1) Δ (aggregated sub-indicators) Δ Labor by women ** Δ Adaptive capacity of women Δ Income of women ** Ordinal (e.g. 0-1) Ordinal (e.g. 0-1) Ordinal (e.g. 0-1) Δ use of irrigation water * Δ use of fertilizer Δ use of agrochemicals Δ liters/kg product/year Δ kg/kg product/year Δ kg/kg of product/year Δ use of non-renewable energy ** %Δ output/input ratio per kg product/year Δ Biodiversity Δ Pest-pathogen ** Δ Groundwater availability Δ Erosion * Ordinal (e.g. 0-1) Ordinal (e.g. 0-1) Ordinal (e.g. 0-1) Δ Soil quality ** Ordinal (e.g. 0-1) Kg/ha/yr * Indicator also currently being included in CSA Compendium; ** Indicators currently being included in CSA compendium, but different calculation being used CSA Indicators for evaluating practices
- 19.
- 20. • Pilot indevelopment in Guatemala with the Climate Change Unit of the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock, and Food Security • Actions underway to include climate change in governmental agricultural policies • Urgent need to guide farmers in the face of ongoing extreme climate events (e.g. 2014 drought) LAM partnerships in action
- 21. Thanks! Andreea Nowak CIAT a.c.nowak@cgiar.org Miguel Lizarazo LAMcontact, CCAFS-CIAT m.lizarazo@cgiar.org Caitlin Corner-Dolloff CIAT c.corner-dolloff@cgiar.org
Editor's Notes
- #6 Profiles What activities are ongoing What is the demand for CSA What enabling environment exists for investments to have impact at scale? Compendium Lack of data about CSA practices? Prioritization tool. “Challenges to scaling out ASAC” *Justification for Prioritization framework
- #7 Support ag and cc planning Support the selection and prioritization of investment portfolios Build technical knowledge on CSA concept and practices Expected users: national-level decision-makers (ministries, donors); producers associations, ngos Possible uses Develop planning agricultura docs that include cc Enhance ag planning oriented towards impact and evaluation of policies Direct funding Mainstream CC in other sectores
- #9 Only some examples of ways you can search the articles and data in the compendium. Will also be able to search for the specific practices themselves Decision makers may need tool to assist in selecting the scope of studies For example what threats are the most important, what agro-ecological zones should they be focused on? CIAT has worked to develop a number of tools in collaboration with different decision making bodies – such as donors and governments – to assist in identifying vulnerable areas to climate change and practices to use to adapt to these changes I’m going to give a few examples of tools we have to help identify areas and crops of interest related to climate change
- #10 Only some examples of ways you can search the articles and data in the compendium. Will also be able to search for the specific practices themselves Decision makers may need tool to assist in selecting the scope of studies For example what threats are the most important, what agro-ecological zones should they be focused on? CIAT has worked to develop a number of tools in collaboration with different decision making bodies – such as donors and governments – to assist in identifying vulnerable areas to climate change and practices to use to adapt to these changes I’m going to give a few examples of tools we have to help identify areas and crops of interest related to climate change
- #11 Only some examples of ways you can search the articles and data in the compendium. Will also be able to search for the specific practices themselves Decision makers may need tool to assist in selecting the scope of studies For example what threats are the most important, what agro-ecological zones should they be focused on? CIAT has worked to develop a number of tools in collaboration with different decision making bodies – such as donors and governments – to assist in identifying vulnerable areas to climate change and practices to use to adapt to these changes I’m going to give a few examples of tools we have to help identify areas and crops of interest related to climate change
- #12 Only some examples of ways you can search the articles and data in the compendium. Will also be able to search for the specific practices themselves Decision makers may need tool to assist in selecting the scope of studies For example what threats are the most important, what agro-ecological zones should they be focused on? CIAT has worked to develop a number of tools in collaboration with different decision making bodies – such as donors and governments – to assist in identifying vulnerable areas to climate change and practices to use to adapt to these changes I’m going to give a few examples of tools we have to help identify areas and crops of interest related to climate change
- #16 Only some examples of ways you can search the articles and data in the compendium. Will also be able to search for the specific practices themselves Decision makers may need tool to assist in selecting the scope of studies For example what threats are the most important, what agro-ecological zones should they be focused on? CIAT has worked to develop a number of tools in collaboration with different decision making bodies – such as donors and governments – to assist in identifying vulnerable areas to climate change and practices to use to adapt to these changes I’m going to give a few examples of tools we have to help identify areas and crops of interest related to climate change
- #17 Only some examples of ways you can search the articles and data in the compendium. Will also be able to search for the specific practices themselves Decision makers may need tool to assist in selecting the scope of studies For example what threats are the most important, what agro-ecological zones should they be focused on? CIAT has worked to develop a number of tools in collaboration with different decision making bodies – such as donors and governments – to assist in identifying vulnerable areas to climate change and practices to use to adapt to these changes I’m going to give a few examples of tools we have to help identify areas and crops of interest related to climate change
- #18 Only some examples of ways you can search the articles and data in the compendium. Will also be able to search for the specific practices themselves Decision makers may need tool to assist in selecting the scope of studies For example what threats are the most important, what agro-ecological zones should they be focused on? CIAT has worked to develop a number of tools in collaboration with different decision making bodies – such as donors and governments – to assist in identifying vulnerable areas to climate change and practices to use to adapt to these changes I’m going to give a few examples of tools we have to help identify areas and crops of interest related to climate change
- #19 Only some examples of ways you can search the articles and data in the compendium. Will also be able to search for the specific practices themselves Decision makers may need tool to assist in selecting the scope of studies For example what threats are the most important, what agro-ecological zones should they be focused on? CIAT has worked to develop a number of tools in collaboration with different decision making bodies – such as donors and governments – to assist in identifying vulnerable areas to climate change and practices to use to adapt to these changes I’m going to give a few examples of tools we have to help identify areas and crops of interest related to climate change
- #20 Key principle of the process is to make it stakeholder driven, and participatory Equally, link to economic tools as the quantitative basis for prioritization (cost/benefit ratios) ----- This tool also can Use indicators to evaluate CSA practices assess costs and benefits (beyond financial) link with existing planning mechanisms The tool will also take into account what is appropriate in different contexts 1. The weighting of the pillars matches national priorities – for example, practices that are higher in adaptation than mitigation can be given more weight. 2. The indicators match changes that are desired – ensure with stakeholders that the indicators are appropriate, they can also be weighted based on stakeholder preference, and additional indicators can be included if of high priority to stakeholders.