Approach_toa_caseofVitreous _Hemorrhage.ppt
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This document discusses vitreous hemorrhage, including its causes, clinical features, workup, and management. Vitreous hemorrhage is caused by conditions like proliferative retinopathies, retinal detachment, or trauma. Clinical features include floaters or vision loss. Evaluation involves examinations to identify the source of bleeding. Management consists initially of observation but may require vitrectomy if bleeding persists after months.
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Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) provides means to characterize brain activations in response to behavior. However, cognitive neuroscience has been limited to group-level effects referring to the performance of specific tasks. To obtain the functional profile of elementary cognitive mechanisms, the combination of brain responses to many tasks is required. Yet, to date, both structural atlases and parcellation-based activations do not fully account for cognitive function and still present several limitations. Further, they do not adapt overall to individual characteristics. In this talk, I will give an account of deep-behavioral phenotyping strategies, namely data-driven methods in large task-fMRI datasets, to optimize functional brain-data collection and improve inference of effects-of-interest related to mental processes. Key to this approach is the employment of fast multi-functional paradigms rich on features that can be well parametrized and, consequently, facilitate the creation of psycho-physiological constructs to be modelled with imaging data. Particular emphasis will be given to music stimuli when studying high-order cognitive mechanisms, due to their ecological nature and quality to enable complex behavior compounded by discrete entities. I will also discuss how deep-behavioral phenotyping and individualized models applied to neuroimaging data can better account for the subject-specific organization of domain-general cognitive systems in the human brain. Finally, the accumulation of functional brain signatures brings the possibility to clarify relationships among tasks and create a univocal link between brain systems and mental functions through: (1) the development of ontologies proposing an organization of cognitive processes; and (2) brain-network taxonomies describing functional specialization. To this end, tools to improve commensurability in cognitive science are necessary, such as public repositories, ontology-based platforms and automated meta-analysis tools. I will thus discuss some brain-atlasing resources currently under development, and their applicability in cognitive as well as clinical neuroscience.
EWOCS-I: The catalog of X-ray sources in Westerlund 1 from the Extended Weste...
Context. With a mass exceeding several 104 M⊙ and a rich and dense population of massive stars, supermassive young star clusters
represent the most massive star-forming environment that is dominated by the feedback from massive stars and gravitational interactions
among stars.
Aims. In this paper we present the Extended Westerlund 1 and 2 Open Clusters Survey (EWOCS) project, which aims to investigate
the influence of the starburst environment on the formation of stars and planets, and on the evolution of both low and high mass stars.
The primary targets of this project are Westerlund 1 and 2, the closest supermassive star clusters to the Sun.
Methods. The project is based primarily on recent observations conducted with the Chandra and JWST observatories. Specifically,
the Chandra survey of Westerlund 1 consists of 36 new ACIS-I observations, nearly co-pointed, for a total exposure time of 1 Msec.
Additionally, we included 8 archival Chandra/ACIS-S observations. This paper presents the resulting catalog of X-ray sources within
and around Westerlund 1. Sources were detected by combining various existing methods, and photon extraction and source validation
were carried out using the ACIS-Extract software.
Results. The EWOCS X-ray catalog comprises 5963 validated sources out of the 9420 initially provided to ACIS-Extract, reaching a
photon flux threshold of approximately 2 × 10−8 photons cm−2
s
−1
. The X-ray sources exhibit a highly concentrated spatial distribution,
with 1075 sources located within the central 1 arcmin. We have successfully detected X-ray emissions from 126 out of the 166 known
massive stars of the cluster, and we have collected over 71 000 photons from the magnetar CXO J164710.20-455217.
Equivariant neural networks and representation theory
Or: Beyond linear.
Abstract: Equivariant neural networks are neural networks that incorporate symmetries. The nonlinear activation functions in these networks result in interesting nonlinear equivariant maps between simple representations, and motivate the key player of this talk: piecewise linear representation theory.
Disclaimer: No one is perfect, so please mind that there might be mistakes and typos.
dtubbenhauer@gmail.com
Corrected slides: dtubbenhauer.com/talks.html
Deep Software Variability and Frictionless Reproducibility
Deep Software Variability and Frictionless ReproducibilityUniversity of Rennes, INSA Rennes, Inria/IRISA, CNRS
The ability to recreate computational results with minimal effort and actionable metrics provides a solid foundation for scientific research and software development. When people can replicate an analysis at the touch of a button using open-source software, open data, and methods to assess and compare proposals, it significantly eases verification of results, engagement with a diverse range of contributors, and progress. However, we have yet to fully achieve this; there are still many sociotechnical frictions.
Inspired by David Donoho's vision, this talk aims to revisit the three crucial pillars of frictionless reproducibility (data sharing, code sharing, and competitive challenges) with the perspective of deep software variability.
Our observation is that multiple layers — hardware, operating systems, third-party libraries, software versions, input data, compile-time options, and parameters — are subject to variability that exacerbates frictions but is also essential for achieving robust, generalizable results and fostering innovation. I will first review the literature, providing evidence of how the complex variability interactions across these layers affect qualitative and quantitative software properties, thereby complicating the reproduction and replication of scientific studies in various fields.
I will then present some software engineering and AI techniques that can support the strategic exploration of variability spaces. These include the use of abstractions and models (e.g., feature models), sampling strategies (e.g., uniform, random), cost-effective measurements (e.g., incremental build of software configurations), and dimensionality reduction methods (e.g., transfer learning, feature selection, software debloating).
I will finally argue that deep variability is both the problem and solution of frictionless reproducibility, calling the software science community to develop new methods and tools to manage variability and foster reproducibility in software systems.
Exposé invité Journées Nationales du GDR GPL 2024
ANAMOLOUS SECONDARY GROWTH IN DICOT ROOTS.pptx
Abnormal or anomalous secondary growth in plants. It defines secondary growth as an increase in plant girth due to vascular cambium or cork cambium. Anomalous secondary growth does not follow the normal pattern of a single vascular cambium producing xylem internally and phloem externally.
BREEDING METHODS FOR DISEASE RESISTANCE.pptx
Plant breeding for disease resistance is a strategy to reduce crop losses caused by disease. Plants have an innate immune system that allows them to recognize pathogens and provide resistance. However, breeding for long-lasting resistance often involves combining multiple resistance genes
Thornton ESPP slides UK WW Network 4_6_24.pdf
ESPP presentation to EU Waste Water Network, 4th June 2024 “EU policies driving nutrient removal and recycling
and the revised UWWTD (Urban Waste Water Treatment Directive)”
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Approach_toa_caseofVitreous _Hemorrhage.ppt
- 1. Approach to a case of vitreous haemorrhage Sandeep Saxena MS, FRCSEd Professor Department of Ophthalmology KGMU, Lucknow September 27, 2014
- 2. Vitreous Humor • Inert , transparent, jelly-like structure • Normal volume- 4ml • Composed of a network of collagen fibrils interspersed with hyaluronic acid molecules • Can be divided into cortex and nucleus • Attachments - Vitreous base-strongest adherance about 4mm across the orra serrata -Around margins of optic disc, foveal region, along retinal vessels
- 3. • Ageing changes- -Dissociation of hyaluronate from collagen fibrils -Pooling of hyaluronate -Fibril degeneration and decreased elasticity -Drainage of hyaluronate into retrovitreal space (posterior vitreous detachment)
- 4. • Vitreous degeneration - Syneresis -Vitreous liquefaction, fibril aggregation and condensation -Associated with floaters -Caused by myopia, senescence, trauma, inflammation, etc. - Posterior vitreous detachment
- 5. Vitreous Haemorrhage Causes • Proliferative retinopathies- -Diabetes mellitus -Retinal vein occlusion -Retinopathy of prematurity -Eale’s disease • Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment • Posterior vitreous detachment • Trauma • Systemic – Bleeding disorders
- 6. Pathophysiology • Retinal ischemia causing release of angiogenic vasoactive factors (like VEGF) • Tear in retinal vasculature due to break in the retina or detachment of posterior vitreous • Subretinal bleeding with secondary extension into the vitreous cavity- less common
- 7. Clinical features • Symptoms- -Sudden appearance of floaters - small vitreous haemorrhage -Sudden painless loss of vision- large vitreous haemorrhage • Signs- - No red glow on distant direct ophthalmoscopy - Blood in vitreous cavity on indirect ophthalmoscopy
- 8. Patient workup • Slit lamp examination of the eye • Pupil dilatation and fundus examination • B scan ultrasound for posterior segment evaluation • Blood tests to check for specific causes such as diabetes • CT scan may be required in some cases to check for injury around the eye
- 9. Fate of vitreous haemorrhage • Complete resolution may occur within 4-8 weeks without organisation with vitreous • Organisation of haemorrhage with formation of a yellowish-white debris occurs in persistent or recurrent bleeding
- 10. • Complications like vitreous liquefaction, degeneration and ghost cell glaucoma may occur • Fibrous proliferation may develop which may be complicated by tractional retinal detachment
- 11. Management • Conservative management consists of bed rest with elevation of patient’s head end to facilitate settlement of blood • Treatment of cause- Once the blood settles down, indirect ophthalmoscopy should be done to locate and further manage the cause of haemorrhage
- 12. • Pars plana vitrectomy may be attempted to clear the vitreous, if the haemorrhage does not get absorbed in 3 months • Early vitrectomy followed by laser photocoagulation may be required in cases associated with retinal detachment
- 13. Thank you