This document discusses the feasibility and applications of large-scale solar-powered Peltier refrigeration systems. It begins by introducing Peltier refrigeration technology, which uses the Peltier effect to generate cooling from electricity. It then reviews the potential for using solar energy to power large-scale Peltier refrigeration systems. Key considerations for designing these systems include selecting efficient solar panels, batteries for energy storage, high-performance Peltier modules, and effective thermal management. Several promising applications are identified, such as for food processing, pharmaceutical storage, data centers, and transportation. The economic feasibility of these systems is analyzed by comparing total costs to conventional refrigeration alternatives. Overall, the document finds that large-scale solar-
Solar-Powered Peltier Refrigeration System: Design, Applications, and Limitat...IRJET Journal
The document discusses a solar-powered Peltier refrigeration system. It begins by providing an abstract that outlines the system's key components, operating principles, potential applications in domains like food preservation and medical transportation, and challenges related to efficiency, cost and scalability. It then provides more details on the components of such a system, including solar panels, batteries, charge controllers, inverters, compressors and refrigerants. The benefits are highlighted as reducing dependence on fossil fuels and providing reliable refrigeration in remote areas without electricity access. Potential applications mentioned include food preservation, vaccine storage, air conditioning, off-grid refrigeration and transportation.
DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF AN EFFICIENT COLD CONTAINER FOR MEDICINE WHICH CAN ...IRJET Journal
This document describes the design and fabrication of an efficient cold container for transporting medicine via motorcycle. The container uses a Peltier module, heat sink, cooling fan, and insulation to maintain the medicine within the required temperature range. Computational fluid dynamics software was used to optimize heat transfer and airflow. The prototype was tested and found to reliably keep medicine temperatures stable during delivery. The container has potential to improve healthcare logistics and enable timely medicine delivery in remote areas.
IRJET-Review on Solar Thermal and Photovoltaic Energy SystemIRJET Journal
This document summarizes and compares solar thermal and photovoltaic energy systems. Solar thermal systems indirectly generate electricity by using solar collectors to heat a liquid or gas, then converting the heat to electricity. Concentrated solar power is a type of solar thermal that uses tracking mechanisms to focus sunlight and achieve higher temperatures and efficiencies. Photovoltaic systems directly convert sunlight into electricity using solar panels without heat exchange. While photovoltaic systems have higher energy production, even at low light levels, their limitation is lack of cost-effective electricity storage. Solar thermal systems allow for thermal energy storage at low cost and therefore can provide dispatchable electricity production. Both systems show potential but differ in energy conversion methods and ability to store excess energy
Design and Construction of a Compressorless Peltier Refrigerator with On/Off ...IRJET Journal
This document describes the design and construction of a compressorless Peltier refrigerator with an interior volume of 5.94 cubic meters capable of precise temperature control within ±15 degrees Celsius. Performance tests showed it could cool a sample down to -5 degrees Celsius and cool 1 liter of water from room temperature to -5 degrees Celsius, validating its temperature control abilities. The on/off control system was found to provide adequate precision for the project requirements. The refrigerator's compact design, efficient operation, ability to cool a large interior volume, and potential applications where precise temperature control is needed makes it a promising cooling solution.
This document discusses solar refrigerators and how they work. It begins by introducing solar refrigeration and noting that there are three main types: photovoltaic, solar mechanical, and absorption refrigeration. It then provides details on the design of solar refrigerators, including the components (solar panels, charge controller, battery, inverter, refrigerator) and how they function together. Applications mentioned include food preservation, buildings cooling, and medical storage. The document concludes by stating that solar refrigeration will become more important as conventional energy sources decline and discusses opportunities for future improvement and use.
Solar Heat Storage Technologies: Advancements and Integration in Renewable En...IRJET Journal
The document discusses solar heat storage technologies and their integration into renewable energy systems. It provides background on solar heat storage and its importance for generating energy without fossil fuels. Sensible heat storage stores thermal energy by increasing the temperature of a storage medium without phase transformation. Various solar heat storage technologies are described, including flat plate collectors, evacuated tube collectors, and concentrating solar power systems. The future of solar heat storage technologies is promising as materials improve and integration with other renewables increases. Challenges include the initial cost and weather dependence of solar energy systems. The document also examines thermal energy storage methods, classifications of solar energy storage, advantages and disadvantages, and the cost-effectiveness of solar heat storage technologies.
Energy saving in cooling towers by using variable frequency drivesIAEME Publication
This document discusses using variable frequency drives (VFDs) to save energy in cooling towers. It describes the cooling tower system which provides process cooling water to various production plants. Currently, the cooling tower fans operate at a constant speed regardless of weather conditions, using a star-delta starter. Installing VFDs would allow the fan speeds to vary based on the cooling load, achieving estimated annual energy savings of 25% by reducing energy used during periods of lower demand. Simulation results show the effectiveness of a closed loop PWM controlled inverter fed induction motor model for operating the cooling tower fans with VFDs.
Energy saving in cooling towers by using variable frequency drives (1)IAEME Publication
This document discusses energy savings in cooling towers by using variable frequency drives (VFDs). It finds that using VFDs to adjust the speed of cooling tower fans based on water temperature can achieve energy savings of 25% annually. A case study is presented of a cooling tower that provides process cooling water to five production plants. Currently the fans operate at a fixed speed all year. Installing VFDs would allow the fan speed to vary to better maintain a constant cooling water temperature despite changing weather conditions and partial loading, improving plant operations. Simulation results are presented showing the cooling water temperature control achieved by varying the fan speed between zero and maximum using VFDs.
Solar-Powered Peltier Refrigeration System: Design, Applications, and Limitat...IRJET Journal
The document discusses a solar-powered Peltier refrigeration system. It begins by providing an abstract that outlines the system's key components, operating principles, potential applications in domains like food preservation and medical transportation, and challenges related to efficiency, cost and scalability. It then provides more details on the components of such a system, including solar panels, batteries, charge controllers, inverters, compressors and refrigerants. The benefits are highlighted as reducing dependence on fossil fuels and providing reliable refrigeration in remote areas without electricity access. Potential applications mentioned include food preservation, vaccine storage, air conditioning, off-grid refrigeration and transportation.
DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF AN EFFICIENT COLD CONTAINER FOR MEDICINE WHICH CAN ...IRJET Journal
This document describes the design and fabrication of an efficient cold container for transporting medicine via motorcycle. The container uses a Peltier module, heat sink, cooling fan, and insulation to maintain the medicine within the required temperature range. Computational fluid dynamics software was used to optimize heat transfer and airflow. The prototype was tested and found to reliably keep medicine temperatures stable during delivery. The container has potential to improve healthcare logistics and enable timely medicine delivery in remote areas.
IRJET-Review on Solar Thermal and Photovoltaic Energy SystemIRJET Journal
This document summarizes and compares solar thermal and photovoltaic energy systems. Solar thermal systems indirectly generate electricity by using solar collectors to heat a liquid or gas, then converting the heat to electricity. Concentrated solar power is a type of solar thermal that uses tracking mechanisms to focus sunlight and achieve higher temperatures and efficiencies. Photovoltaic systems directly convert sunlight into electricity using solar panels without heat exchange. While photovoltaic systems have higher energy production, even at low light levels, their limitation is lack of cost-effective electricity storage. Solar thermal systems allow for thermal energy storage at low cost and therefore can provide dispatchable electricity production. Both systems show potential but differ in energy conversion methods and ability to store excess energy
Design and Construction of a Compressorless Peltier Refrigerator with On/Off ...IRJET Journal
This document describes the design and construction of a compressorless Peltier refrigerator with an interior volume of 5.94 cubic meters capable of precise temperature control within ±15 degrees Celsius. Performance tests showed it could cool a sample down to -5 degrees Celsius and cool 1 liter of water from room temperature to -5 degrees Celsius, validating its temperature control abilities. The on/off control system was found to provide adequate precision for the project requirements. The refrigerator's compact design, efficient operation, ability to cool a large interior volume, and potential applications where precise temperature control is needed makes it a promising cooling solution.
This document discusses solar refrigerators and how they work. It begins by introducing solar refrigeration and noting that there are three main types: photovoltaic, solar mechanical, and absorption refrigeration. It then provides details on the design of solar refrigerators, including the components (solar panels, charge controller, battery, inverter, refrigerator) and how they function together. Applications mentioned include food preservation, buildings cooling, and medical storage. The document concludes by stating that solar refrigeration will become more important as conventional energy sources decline and discusses opportunities for future improvement and use.
Solar Heat Storage Technologies: Advancements and Integration in Renewable En...IRJET Journal
The document discusses solar heat storage technologies and their integration into renewable energy systems. It provides background on solar heat storage and its importance for generating energy without fossil fuels. Sensible heat storage stores thermal energy by increasing the temperature of a storage medium without phase transformation. Various solar heat storage technologies are described, including flat plate collectors, evacuated tube collectors, and concentrating solar power systems. The future of solar heat storage technologies is promising as materials improve and integration with other renewables increases. Challenges include the initial cost and weather dependence of solar energy systems. The document also examines thermal energy storage methods, classifications of solar energy storage, advantages and disadvantages, and the cost-effectiveness of solar heat storage technologies.
Energy saving in cooling towers by using variable frequency drivesIAEME Publication
This document discusses using variable frequency drives (VFDs) to save energy in cooling towers. It describes the cooling tower system which provides process cooling water to various production plants. Currently, the cooling tower fans operate at a constant speed regardless of weather conditions, using a star-delta starter. Installing VFDs would allow the fan speeds to vary based on the cooling load, achieving estimated annual energy savings of 25% by reducing energy used during periods of lower demand. Simulation results show the effectiveness of a closed loop PWM controlled inverter fed induction motor model for operating the cooling tower fans with VFDs.
Energy saving in cooling towers by using variable frequency drives (1)IAEME Publication
This document discusses energy savings in cooling towers by using variable frequency drives (VFDs). It finds that using VFDs to adjust the speed of cooling tower fans based on water temperature can achieve energy savings of 25% annually. A case study is presented of a cooling tower that provides process cooling water to five production plants. Currently the fans operate at a fixed speed all year. Installing VFDs would allow the fan speed to vary to better maintain a constant cooling water temperature despite changing weather conditions and partial loading, improving plant operations. Simulation results are presented showing the cooling water temperature control achieved by varying the fan speed between zero and maximum using VFDs.
Energy saving in cooling towers by using variable frequency drivesIAEME Publication
This document discusses energy savings in cooling towers by using variable frequency drives (VFDs). It finds that using VFDs to adjust the speed of cooling tower fans based on water temperature can achieve energy savings of 25% annually. A case study is presented of a cooling tower that provides process cooling water to five production plants. Currently the fans operate at a fixed speed all year. Installing VFDs would allow the fan speed to vary to better maintain a constant cooling water temperature despite changing weather conditions and partial loading, improving plant operations. Simulation results are presented showing the cooling water temperature impact of running the fans at full versus zero speed with VFD control.
Energy saving in cooling towers by using variable frequency drivesIAEME Publication
This document discusses energy savings in cooling towers by using variable frequency drives (VFDs). It finds that using VFDs to adjust the speed of cooling tower fans based on water temperature can achieve energy savings of 25% annually. A case study is presented of a cooling tower that provides process cooling water to five production plants. Currently the fans operate at a fixed speed all year. Installing VFDs would allow the fan speed to vary to better maintain a constant cooling water temperature despite changing weather conditions and partial loading, improving plant operations. Simulation results are presented showing the cooling water temperature control achieved by varying the fan speed between zero and maximum using VFDs.
A review on predictive maintenance technique for nuclear reactor cooling sys...IJECEIAES
Reactor TRIGA PUSPATI (RTP) is the only research nuclear reactor in Malaysia. Maintenance of RTP is crucial which affects its safety and reliability. Currently, RTP maintenance strategies used corrective and preventative which involved many sensors and equipment conditions. The existing preventive maintenance method takes a longer time to complete the entire system’s maintenance inspection. This study has investigated new predictive maintenance techniques for developing RTP predictive maintenance for primary cooling systems using machine learning (ML) and augmented reality (AR). Fifty papers from recent referred publications in the nuclear areas were reviewed and compared. Detailed comparison of ML techniques, parameters involved in the coolant system and AR design techniques were done. Multiclass support vector machines (SVMs), artificial neural network (ANN), long short-term memory (LSTM), feed forward back propagation (FFBP), graph neural networks-feed forward back propagation (GNN-FFBP) and ANN were used for the machine learning techniques for the nuclear reactor. Temperature, water flow, and water pressure were crucial parameters used in monitoring a nuclear reactor. Image marker-based techniques were mainly used by smart glass view and handheld devices. A switch knob with handle switch, pipe valve and machine feature were used for object detection in AR markerless technique. This study is significant and found seven recent papers closely related to the development of predictive maintenance for a research nuclear reactor in Malaysia.
1. The document describes the development of an inexpensive data logger using an Arduino board to collect and store data from solar water heating system regulators made by Resol.
2. The data logger collects measurements from multiple sensors connected to the regulator, including temperature, pump speed, and relay states, and stores the data on an SD card through the Arduino platform.
3. After testing the data logger on a solar water heating plant for a month, recording daily measurements, the data logger showed outstanding performance at an extremely low cost compared to industrial dataloggers.
Design and Development of Humidity Controller for Prevention of Microbiologic...IRJET Journal
The document describes the design and development of a humidity controller to prevent microbiological spoilage in vegetables. Key points:
- A hot air drying system was developed using an air heater boiler, fans, temperature sensors, and an isolated cabin to dry vegetables. This reduces drying time from 3-4 days conventionally to 7-8 hours.
- The system aims to maintain optimal humidity levels between 45-55% for drying different vegetables like tomatoes and ginger.
- Trials showed the developed system successfully dried vegetables and maintained desired temperatures and humidity levels in different weather conditions.
COMMON PROBLEMS AND CHALLENGES IN DATA CENTRESKamran Hassan
in this paper common problems and challenges of data center have been identified and methods have been explained to improve the efficiency and reliability of data center
Assessment of the Use of Solar Flat Plate Collectors for Solar Thermal Refrig...IRJET Journal
This document describes a study on using solar thermal energy to power a vapor absorption refrigeration system. The system uses evacuated tube solar collectors to heat an ammonia-water solution in a generator tank. This vaporizes the ammonia which is then condensed and expanded to produce cooling in an evaporator. The ammonia vapor is absorbed back into the solution which is pumped to the generator, completing the vapor absorption refrigeration cycle. The system is designed to provide a 1 ton refrigeration capacity with a calculated coefficient of performance of 0.75, making it suitable for applications like air conditioning.
Long term temperature stability of thermal cycler developed using low profil...IJECEIAES
Developing a low-cost thermal cycler for a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is becoming interested in the pandemic era caused by viruses. PCR is the standard gold for the diagnostic. However, in a low-income country, the availability of the device is limited. In this work, the development of a thermal cycler uses electronic modules available in the market. The central part is thermoelectric for heating and cooling, an embedded system to control, and a low-profile cooling fan. The system temperature control used a combination of feedforward, bang-bang, and proportional-integralderivative (PID) control. The control parameter of the PID was successfully obtained by using Chien servo tuning. The feedforward and bang-bang control are used to optimize the cooling cycle and minimize the rise time. The system shows a well-suited temperature accuracy at the denaturation, annealing, and extension temperature with a temperature deviation of less than 0.5 °C. System performance is maintained even though the system has been running non-stop for 24 hours. The low-profile cooling fan, which is usually used for CPU cooling, shows good results in maintaining temperature stability.
Performance & Application Based Comparative Analysis of Emerging Technologies...IRJET Journal
This document discusses energy storage systems used in microgrids. It begins by introducing microgrids and their importance in utilizing renewable energy sources. Energy storage systems are described as integral components of microgrids that store surplus energy and provide power during peak hours. Various types of energy storage technologies are then categorized and described in detail, including mechanical systems like pumped hydroelectric storage and compressed air storage, electrochemical batteries like lead-acid and lithium-ion, and other systems. The document focuses on providing a comparative analysis of different energy storage technologies based on their performance and applications in microgrids.
Financial Evaluation of Solar Powered Absorption Cooling System for Computer ...IRJET Journal
This document evaluates the financial feasibility of a solar powered absorption cooling system for a computer laboratory in Bharatpur, India. It finds that:
1. The system is technically feasible, achieving a solar fraction of 0.52-0.75 depending on the collector area. However,
2. Financially, the system is currently not feasible due to the high initial costs of absorption chillers and solar collectors. It provides only marginal annual savings, resulting in very high payback periods of 67-83 years.
3. A sensitivity analysis found that with reduced total investment costs (e.g. due to technology improvements) and increased electricity prices in the future, the payback period could decrease significantly
Renewable Energy Driven Optimized Microgrid System: A Case Study with Hybrid ...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research study on designing an optimized hybrid microgrid system to meet the thermal and electrical demands of a building in a cost-effective way. The microgrid integrates solar PV, battery energy storage, and thermal energy storage. It was designed to reduce the building's energy consumption and carbon footprint. A case study of a campus in India analyzed reducing cooling loads by 50% using efficient chilled water and thermal energy storage. Shifting night cooling loads to daytime using thermal energy storage helped maximize solar energy use and reduce needed battery storage. The optimized microgrid design met the campus's total annual electrical load of 770,000 kWh through efficiency measures and renewable energy integration.
The document discusses energy storage technologies and applications. It begins by explaining that electrical power systems are shifting away from fossil fuels towards more renewable energy sources due to environmental and sustainability concerns. However, renewable energies are intermittent so energy storage is needed to compensate. The document then provides an overview of different energy storage technologies like batteries, flywheels, pumped hydro, compressed air and their characteristics and applications to support renewable energy integration and provide grid services. It evaluates the techno-economic factors of each technology. In summary, the document analyzes energy storage technologies to enable the transition to renewable energy sources for a stable electrical grid.
The document describes the design and working of a solar air cooler. It consists of the following main components: solar panels that convert sunlight to electricity, a battery that stores the solar energy, a DC motor powered by the battery, an impeller connected to the motor, and a DC water pump. During operation, the solar panels charge the battery with electricity. The DC motor runs the impeller blades and water pump which sprays and circulates cold water, producing a cold air stream. Together these components form a solar-powered air cooling system that reduces electricity usage compared to conventional air conditioners. The total estimated cost to build this solar air cooler is 5,200 INR.
IRJET-Study of Space Cooling System Consisting of Aluminium Ammonia Heat Pipe...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on an active space cooling system consisting of an aluminum-ammonia heat pipe and a variable emittance radiator with micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) louvers. The system uses a loop heat pipe to transfer heat from an evaporator to a condenser, where a variable emittance radiator rejects heat to space. A fuzzy logic controller adapts the radiator's emittance by adjusting the number of open MEMS louvers. Simulation results show the controller improves thermal control and ensures safe operation of the heat pipe cooling system.
IRJET - Variable Refrigerant Volume:- Air Conditioning Part: A ReviewIRJET Journal
This document provides an overview of variable refrigerant volume (VRV) air conditioning systems. VRV systems use one outdoor condensing unit connected to multiple indoor fan coil units. They can save 17-73% more energy than traditional rooftop air conditioning systems for cooling and heating. VRV systems allow individual zone control and use variable refrigerant flow to match output to load. Research has shown VRV systems use less energy than variable air volume or fan coil unit systems in different climates. VRV systems provide benefits like easy installation, flexibility, energy efficiency, and individual room control.
This document summarizes research applying particle swarm optimization (PSO) and flower pollination algorithm (FPA) techniques to solve hydrothermal scheduling problems. Hydrothermal scheduling involves optimally coordinating hydroelectric and thermal power generation to minimize fuel costs while meeting demand and accounting for water availability constraints. Previous methods for solving these problems, such as simulated annealing and genetic algorithms, have drawbacks like long computation times. The document describes applying PSO and FPA to minimize fuel costs for 3-unit and 6-unit test systems, showing they can find near-optimal solutions faster than other methods while satisfying constraints. FPA, based on pollination in plants, is a new metaheuristic that effectively solves the optimization problem with better
ARM Based Climate Controlled Wearable JacketIJTET Journal
Thermo-electric (TE) technology is used in both electricity generation and air-conditioning. The Thermo-electric coolers(TEC) uses Peltier effect which converts the electrical energy applied from the ends of the Thermo-electric module into the temperature difference. The main objective of the work is to design a highly reliable and wearable jacket that controls extreme temperatures say working in thermal power plants, within the jacket. The extreme temperatures can be monitored using temperature sensors placed on both sides of the Thermo-electric cooler module and controlled using ARM LPC2148 Microcontroller. In Industries, this jacket provides a more practical and safer solutions for human working under extreme temperatures. Furthermore, this jacket can also be applied as a good warmer one for human beings working in cold regions(say Polar regions).
This document discusses microgrids, which combine distributed energy generators like solar panels, wind turbines, and hydro plants. It describes the basic architecture of microgrids, including main substations, smart meters, storage batteries, and distributed generators. Microgrids help improve system efficiency and reliability by allowing generation and loads to operate as a subsystem. The document provides examples of existing microgrid ventures in India, some of which are operational while others are still in development. It analyzes the benefits of microgrids for providing backup power and reducing emissions from conventional generation technologies.
IRJET- Thermal Analysis and Management for an Autonomous Underwater VehicleIRJET Journal
This document discusses thermal analysis and management for an autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV). It begins by introducing AUVs and the heat generated by their electrical, electronic, mechanical and mechatronic systems operating inside the enclosed pressure hull. It then estimates the heat loads on the AUV through theoretical, numerical and experimental analysis to understand temperature variation over time. Various thermal management techniques are discussed, including active cooling with fans/liquid and passive cooling with heat sinks, heat pipes and phase change materials (PCMs). PCM-based thermal management is proposed to absorb heat during phase changes and prevent battery temperature from rising too fast inside the enclosed hull.
TUNNELING IN HIMALAYAS WITH NATM METHOD: A SPECIAL REFERENCES TO SUNGAL TUNNE...IRJET Journal
1) The document discusses the Sungal Tunnel project in Jammu and Kashmir, India, which is being constructed using the New Austrian Tunneling Method (NATM).
2) NATM involves continuous monitoring during construction to adapt to changing ground conditions, and makes extensive use of shotcrete for temporary tunnel support.
3) The methodology section outlines the systematic geotechnical design process for tunnels according to Austrian guidelines, and describes the various steps of NATM tunnel construction including initial and secondary tunnel support.
STUDY THE EFFECT OF RESPONSE REDUCTION FACTOR ON RC FRAMED STRUCTUREIRJET Journal
This study examines the effect of response reduction factors (R factors) on reinforced concrete (RC) framed structures through nonlinear dynamic analysis. Three RC frame models with varying heights (4, 8, and 12 stories) were analyzed in ETABS software under different R factors ranging from 1 to 5. The results showed that displacement increased as the R factor decreased, indicating less linear behavior for lower R factors. Drift also decreased proportionally with increasing R factors from 1 to 5. Shear forces in the frames decreased with higher R factors. In general, R factors of 3 to 5 produced more satisfactory performance with less displacement and drift. The displacement variations between different building heights were consistent at different R factors. This study evaluated how R factors influence
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1. The document describes the development of an inexpensive data logger using an Arduino board to collect and store data from solar water heating system regulators made by Resol.
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This document evaluates the financial feasibility of a solar powered absorption cooling system for a computer laboratory in Bharatpur, India. It finds that:
1. The system is technically feasible, achieving a solar fraction of 0.52-0.75 depending on the collector area. However,
2. Financially, the system is currently not feasible due to the high initial costs of absorption chillers and solar collectors. It provides only marginal annual savings, resulting in very high payback periods of 67-83 years.
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IRJET - Variable Refrigerant Volume:- Air Conditioning Part: A ReviewIRJET Journal
This document provides an overview of variable refrigerant volume (VRV) air conditioning systems. VRV systems use one outdoor condensing unit connected to multiple indoor fan coil units. They can save 17-73% more energy than traditional rooftop air conditioning systems for cooling and heating. VRV systems allow individual zone control and use variable refrigerant flow to match output to load. Research has shown VRV systems use less energy than variable air volume or fan coil unit systems in different climates. VRV systems provide benefits like easy installation, flexibility, energy efficiency, and individual room control.
This document summarizes research applying particle swarm optimization (PSO) and flower pollination algorithm (FPA) techniques to solve hydrothermal scheduling problems. Hydrothermal scheduling involves optimally coordinating hydroelectric and thermal power generation to minimize fuel costs while meeting demand and accounting for water availability constraints. Previous methods for solving these problems, such as simulated annealing and genetic algorithms, have drawbacks like long computation times. The document describes applying PSO and FPA to minimize fuel costs for 3-unit and 6-unit test systems, showing they can find near-optimal solutions faster than other methods while satisfying constraints. FPA, based on pollination in plants, is a new metaheuristic that effectively solves the optimization problem with better
ARM Based Climate Controlled Wearable JacketIJTET Journal
Thermo-electric (TE) technology is used in both electricity generation and air-conditioning. The Thermo-electric coolers(TEC) uses Peltier effect which converts the electrical energy applied from the ends of the Thermo-electric module into the temperature difference. The main objective of the work is to design a highly reliable and wearable jacket that controls extreme temperatures say working in thermal power plants, within the jacket. The extreme temperatures can be monitored using temperature sensors placed on both sides of the Thermo-electric cooler module and controlled using ARM LPC2148 Microcontroller. In Industries, this jacket provides a more practical and safer solutions for human working under extreme temperatures. Furthermore, this jacket can also be applied as a good warmer one for human beings working in cold regions(say Polar regions).
This document discusses microgrids, which combine distributed energy generators like solar panels, wind turbines, and hydro plants. It describes the basic architecture of microgrids, including main substations, smart meters, storage batteries, and distributed generators. Microgrids help improve system efficiency and reliability by allowing generation and loads to operate as a subsystem. The document provides examples of existing microgrid ventures in India, some of which are operational while others are still in development. It analyzes the benefits of microgrids for providing backup power and reducing emissions from conventional generation technologies.
IRJET- Thermal Analysis and Management for an Autonomous Underwater VehicleIRJET Journal
This document discusses thermal analysis and management for an autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV). It begins by introducing AUVs and the heat generated by their electrical, electronic, mechanical and mechatronic systems operating inside the enclosed pressure hull. It then estimates the heat loads on the AUV through theoretical, numerical and experimental analysis to understand temperature variation over time. Various thermal management techniques are discussed, including active cooling with fans/liquid and passive cooling with heat sinks, heat pipes and phase change materials (PCMs). PCM-based thermal management is proposed to absorb heat during phase changes and prevent battery temperature from rising too fast inside the enclosed hull.
Similar to Applications and Feasibility of Large-Scale Solar-Powered Peltier Refrigeration Systems (20)
TUNNELING IN HIMALAYAS WITH NATM METHOD: A SPECIAL REFERENCES TO SUNGAL TUNNE...IRJET Journal
1) The document discusses the Sungal Tunnel project in Jammu and Kashmir, India, which is being constructed using the New Austrian Tunneling Method (NATM).
2) NATM involves continuous monitoring during construction to adapt to changing ground conditions, and makes extensive use of shotcrete for temporary tunnel support.
3) The methodology section outlines the systematic geotechnical design process for tunnels according to Austrian guidelines, and describes the various steps of NATM tunnel construction including initial and secondary tunnel support.
STUDY THE EFFECT OF RESPONSE REDUCTION FACTOR ON RC FRAMED STRUCTUREIRJET Journal
This study examines the effect of response reduction factors (R factors) on reinforced concrete (RC) framed structures through nonlinear dynamic analysis. Three RC frame models with varying heights (4, 8, and 12 stories) were analyzed in ETABS software under different R factors ranging from 1 to 5. The results showed that displacement increased as the R factor decreased, indicating less linear behavior for lower R factors. Drift also decreased proportionally with increasing R factors from 1 to 5. Shear forces in the frames decreased with higher R factors. In general, R factors of 3 to 5 produced more satisfactory performance with less displacement and drift. The displacement variations between different building heights were consistent at different R factors. This study evaluated how R factors influence
A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF RCC ELEMENT OF SLAB WITH STARK STEEL (HYSD STEEL) A...IRJET Journal
This study compares the use of Stark Steel and TMT Steel as reinforcement materials in a two-way reinforced concrete slab. Mechanical testing is conducted to determine the tensile strength, yield strength, and other properties of each material. A two-way slab design adhering to codes and standards is executed with both materials. The performance is analyzed in terms of deflection, stability under loads, and displacement. Cost analyses accounting for material, durability, maintenance, and life cycle costs are also conducted. The findings provide insights into the economic and structural implications of each material for reinforcement selection and recommendations on the most suitable material based on the analysis.
Effect of Camber and Angles of Attack on Airfoil CharacteristicsIRJET Journal
This document discusses a study analyzing the effect of camber, position of camber, and angle of attack on the aerodynamic characteristics of airfoils. Sixteen modified asymmetric NACA airfoils were analyzed using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) by varying the camber, camber position, and angle of attack. The results showed the relationship between these parameters and the lift coefficient, drag coefficient, and lift to drag ratio. This provides insight into how changes in airfoil geometry impact aerodynamic performance.
A Review on the Progress and Challenges of Aluminum-Based Metal Matrix Compos...IRJET Journal
This document reviews the progress and challenges of aluminum-based metal matrix composites (MMCs), focusing on their fabrication processes and applications. It discusses how various aluminum MMCs have been developed using reinforcements like borides, carbides, oxides, and nitrides to improve mechanical and wear properties. These composites have gained prominence for their lightweight, high-strength and corrosion resistance properties. The document also examines recent advancements in fabrication techniques for aluminum MMCs and their growing applications in industries such as aerospace and automotive. However, it notes that challenges remain around issues like improper mixing of reinforcements and reducing reinforcement agglomeration.
Dynamic Urban Transit Optimization: A Graph Neural Network Approach for Real-...IRJET Journal
This document discusses research on using graph neural networks (GNNs) for dynamic optimization of public transportation networks in real-time. GNNs represent transit networks as graphs with nodes as stops and edges as connections. The GNN model aims to optimize networks using real-time data on vehicle locations, arrival times, and passenger loads. This helps increase mobility, decrease traffic, and improve efficiency. The system continuously trains and infers to adapt to changing transit conditions, providing decision support tools. While research has focused on performance, more work is needed on security, socio-economic impacts, contextual generalization of models, continuous learning approaches, and effective real-time visualization.
Structural Analysis and Design of Multi-Storey Symmetric and Asymmetric Shape...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research project that aims to compare the structural performance of conventional slab and grid slab systems in multi-story buildings using ETABS software. The study will analyze both symmetric and asymmetric building models under various loading conditions. Parameters like deflections, moments, shears, and stresses will be examined to evaluate the structural effectiveness of each slab type. The results will provide insights into the comparative behavior of conventional and grid slabs to help engineers and architects select appropriate slab systems based on building layouts and design requirements.
A Review of “Seismic Response of RC Structures Having Plan and Vertical Irreg...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes and reviews a research paper on the seismic response of reinforced concrete (RC) structures with plan and vertical irregularities, with and without infill walls. It discusses how infill walls can improve or reduce the seismic performance of RC buildings, depending on factors like wall layout, height distribution, connection to the frame, and relative stiffness of walls and frames. The reviewed research paper analyzes the behavior of infill walls, effects of vertical irregularities, and seismic performance of high-rise structures under linear static and dynamic analysis. It studies response characteristics like story drift, deflection and shear. The document also provides literature on similar research investigating the effects of infill walls, soft stories, plan irregularities, and different
This document provides a review of machine learning techniques used in Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS). It begins with an abstract that summarizes key applications of machine learning in ADAS, including object detection, recognition, and decision-making. The introduction discusses the integration of machine learning in ADAS and how it is transforming vehicle safety. The literature review then examines several research papers on topics like lightweight deep learning models for object detection and lane detection models using image processing. It concludes by discussing challenges and opportunities in the field, such as improving algorithm robustness and adaptability.
Long Term Trend Analysis of Precipitation and Temperature for Asosa district,...IRJET Journal
The document analyzes temperature and precipitation trends in Asosa District, Benishangul Gumuz Region, Ethiopia from 1993 to 2022 based on data from the local meteorological station. The results show:
1) The average maximum and minimum annual temperatures have generally decreased over time, with maximum temperatures decreasing by a factor of -0.0341 and minimum by -0.0152.
2) Mann-Kendall tests found the decreasing temperature trends to be statistically significant for annual maximum temperatures but not for annual minimum temperatures.
3) Annual precipitation in Asosa District showed a statistically significant increasing trend.
The conclusions recommend development planners account for rising summer precipitation and declining temperatures in
P.E.B. Framed Structure Design and Analysis Using STAAD ProIRJET Journal
This document discusses the design and analysis of pre-engineered building (PEB) framed structures using STAAD Pro software. It provides an overview of PEBs, including that they are designed off-site with building trusses and beams produced in a factory. STAAD Pro is identified as a key tool for modeling, analyzing, and designing PEBs to ensure their performance and safety under various load scenarios. The document outlines modeling structural parts in STAAD Pro, evaluating structural reactions, assigning loads, and following international design codes and standards. In summary, STAAD Pro is used to design and analyze PEB framed structures to ensure safety and code compliance.
A Review on Innovative Fiber Integration for Enhanced Reinforcement of Concre...IRJET Journal
This document provides a review of research on innovative fiber integration methods for reinforcing concrete structures. It discusses studies that have explored using carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites with recycled plastic aggregates to develop more sustainable strengthening techniques. It also examines using ultra-high performance fiber reinforced concrete to improve shear strength in beams. Additional topics covered include the dynamic responses of FRP-strengthened beams under static and impact loads, and the performance of preloaded CFRP-strengthened fiber reinforced concrete beams. The review highlights the potential of fiber composites to enable more sustainable and resilient construction practices.
Survey Paper on Cloud-Based Secured Healthcare SystemIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a survey on securing patient healthcare data in cloud-based systems. It discusses using technologies like facial recognition, smart cards, and cloud computing combined with strong encryption to securely store patient data. The survey found that healthcare professionals believe digitizing patient records and storing them in a centralized cloud system would improve access during emergencies and enable more efficient care compared to paper-based systems. However, ensuring privacy and security of patient data is paramount as healthcare incorporates these digital technologies.
Review on studies and research on widening of existing concrete bridgesIRJET Journal
This document summarizes several studies that have been conducted on widening existing concrete bridges. It describes a study from China that examined load distribution factors for a bridge widened with composite steel-concrete girders. It also outlines challenges and solutions for widening a bridge in the UAE, including replacing bearings and stitching the new and existing structures. Additionally, it discusses two bridge widening projects in New Zealand that involved adding precast beams and stitching to connect structures. Finally, safety measures and challenges for strengthening a historic bridge in Switzerland under live traffic are presented.
React based fullstack edtech web applicationIRJET Journal
The document describes the architecture of an educational technology web application built using the MERN stack. It discusses the frontend developed with ReactJS, backend with NodeJS and ExpressJS, and MongoDB database. The frontend provides dynamic user interfaces, while the backend offers APIs for authentication, course management, and other functions. MongoDB enables flexible data storage. The architecture aims to provide a scalable, responsive platform for online learning.
A Comprehensive Review of Integrating IoT and Blockchain Technologies in the ...IRJET Journal
This paper proposes integrating Internet of Things (IoT) and blockchain technologies to help implement objectives of India's National Education Policy (NEP) in the education sector. The paper discusses how blockchain could be used for secure student data management, credential verification, and decentralized learning platforms. IoT devices could create smart classrooms, automate attendance tracking, and enable real-time monitoring. Blockchain would ensure integrity of exam processes and resource allocation, while smart contracts automate agreements. The paper argues this integration has potential to revolutionize education by making it more secure, transparent and efficient, in alignment with NEP goals. However, challenges like infrastructure needs, data privacy, and collaborative efforts are also discussed.
A REVIEW ON THE PERFORMANCE OF COCONUT FIBRE REINFORCED CONCRETE.IRJET Journal
This document provides a review of research on the performance of coconut fibre reinforced concrete. It summarizes several studies that tested different volume fractions and lengths of coconut fibres in concrete mixtures with varying compressive strengths. The studies found that coconut fibre improved properties like tensile strength, toughness, crack resistance, and spalling resistance compared to plain concrete. Volume fractions of 2-5% and fibre lengths of 20-50mm produced the best results. The document concludes that using a 4-5% volume fraction of coconut fibres 30-40mm in length with M30-M60 grade concrete would provide benefits based on previous research.
Optimizing Business Management Process Workflows: The Dynamic Influence of Mi...IRJET Journal
The document discusses optimizing business management processes through automation using Microsoft Power Automate and artificial intelligence. It provides an overview of Power Automate's key components and features for automating workflows across various apps and services. The document then presents several scenarios applying automation solutions to common business processes like data entry, monitoring, HR, finance, customer support, and more. It estimates the potential time and cost savings from implementing automation for each scenario. Finally, the conclusion emphasizes the transformative impact of AI and automation tools on business processes and the need for ongoing optimization.
Multistoried and Multi Bay Steel Building Frame by using Seismic DesignIRJET Journal
The document describes the seismic design of a G+5 steel building frame located in Roorkee, India according to Indian codes IS 1893-2002 and IS 800. The frame was analyzed using the equivalent static load method and response spectrum method, and its response in terms of displacements and shear forces were compared. Based on the analysis, the frame was designed as a seismic-resistant steel structure according to IS 800:2007. The software STAAD Pro was used for the analysis and design.
Cost Optimization of Construction Using Plastic Waste as a Sustainable Constr...IRJET Journal
This research paper explores using plastic waste as a sustainable and cost-effective construction material. The study focuses on manufacturing pavers and bricks using recycled plastic and partially replacing concrete with plastic alternatives. Initial results found that pavers and bricks made from recycled plastic demonstrate comparable strength and durability to traditional materials while providing environmental and cost benefits. Additionally, preliminary research indicates incorporating plastic waste as a partial concrete replacement significantly reduces construction costs without compromising structural integrity. The outcomes suggest adopting plastic waste in construction can address plastic pollution while optimizing costs, promoting more sustainable building practices.
TIME DIVISION MULTIPLEXING TECHNIQUE FOR COMMUNICATION SYSTEMHODECEDSIET
Time Division Multiplexing (TDM) is a method of transmitting multiple signals over a single communication channel by dividing the signal into many segments, each having a very short duration of time. These time slots are then allocated to different data streams, allowing multiple signals to share the same transmission medium efficiently. TDM is widely used in telecommunications and data communication systems.
### How TDM Works
1. **Time Slots Allocation**: The core principle of TDM is to assign distinct time slots to each signal. During each time slot, the respective signal is transmitted, and then the process repeats cyclically. For example, if there are four signals to be transmitted, the TDM cycle will divide time into four slots, each assigned to one signal.
2. **Synchronization**: Synchronization is crucial in TDM systems to ensure that the signals are correctly aligned with their respective time slots. Both the transmitter and receiver must be synchronized to avoid any overlap or loss of data. This synchronization is typically maintained by a clock signal that ensures time slots are accurately aligned.
3. **Frame Structure**: TDM data is organized into frames, where each frame consists of a set of time slots. Each frame is repeated at regular intervals, ensuring continuous transmission of data streams. The frame structure helps in managing the data streams and maintaining the synchronization between the transmitter and receiver.
4. **Multiplexer and Demultiplexer**: At the transmitting end, a multiplexer combines multiple input signals into a single composite signal by assigning each signal to a specific time slot. At the receiving end, a demultiplexer separates the composite signal back into individual signals based on their respective time slots.
### Types of TDM
1. **Synchronous TDM**: In synchronous TDM, time slots are pre-assigned to each signal, regardless of whether the signal has data to transmit or not. This can lead to inefficiencies if some time slots remain empty due to the absence of data.
2. **Asynchronous TDM (or Statistical TDM)**: Asynchronous TDM addresses the inefficiencies of synchronous TDM by allocating time slots dynamically based on the presence of data. Time slots are assigned only when there is data to transmit, which optimizes the use of the communication channel.
### Applications of TDM
- **Telecommunications**: TDM is extensively used in telecommunication systems, such as in T1 and E1 lines, where multiple telephone calls are transmitted over a single line by assigning each call to a specific time slot.
- **Digital Audio and Video Broadcasting**: TDM is used in broadcasting systems to transmit multiple audio or video streams over a single channel, ensuring efficient use of bandwidth.
- **Computer Networks**: TDM is used in network protocols and systems to manage the transmission of data from multiple sources over a single network medium.
### Advantages of TDM
- **Efficient Use of Bandwidth**: TDM all
A SYSTEMATIC RISK ASSESSMENT APPROACH FOR SECURING THE SMART IRRIGATION SYSTEMSIJNSA Journal
The smart irrigation system represents an innovative approach to optimize water usage in agricultural and landscaping practices. The integration of cutting-edge technologies, including sensors, actuators, and data analysis, empowers this system to provide accurate monitoring and control of irrigation processes by leveraging real-time environmental conditions. The main objective of a smart irrigation system is to optimize water efficiency, minimize expenses, and foster the adoption of sustainable water management methods. This paper conducts a systematic risk assessment by exploring the key components/assets and their functionalities in the smart irrigation system. The crucial role of sensors in gathering data on soil moisture, weather patterns, and plant well-being is emphasized in this system. These sensors enable intelligent decision-making in irrigation scheduling and water distribution, leading to enhanced water efficiency and sustainable water management practices. Actuators enable automated control of irrigation devices, ensuring precise and targeted water delivery to plants. Additionally, the paper addresses the potential threat and vulnerabilities associated with smart irrigation systems. It discusses limitations of the system, such as power constraints and computational capabilities, and calculates the potential security risks. The paper suggests possible risk treatment methods for effective secure system operation. In conclusion, the paper emphasizes the significant benefits of implementing smart irrigation systems, including improved water conservation, increased crop yield, and reduced environmental impact. Additionally, based on the security analysis conducted, the paper recommends the implementation of countermeasures and security approaches to address vulnerabilities and ensure the integrity and reliability of the system. By incorporating these measures, smart irrigation technology can revolutionize water management practices in agriculture, promoting sustainability, resource efficiency, and safeguarding against potential security threats.
Understanding Inductive Bias in Machine LearningSUTEJAS
This presentation explores the concept of inductive bias in machine learning. It explains how algorithms come with built-in assumptions and preferences that guide the learning process. You'll learn about the different types of inductive bias and how they can impact the performance and generalizability of machine learning models.
The presentation also covers the positive and negative aspects of inductive bias, along with strategies for mitigating potential drawbacks. We'll explore examples of how bias manifests in algorithms like neural networks and decision trees.
By understanding inductive bias, you can gain valuable insights into how machine learning models work and make informed decisions when building and deploying them.
Using recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) for pavements is crucial to achieving sustainability. Implementing RCA for new pavement can minimize carbon footprint, conserve natural resources, reduce harmful emissions, and lower life cycle costs. Compared to natural aggregate (NA), RCA pavement has fewer comprehensive studies and sustainability assessments.
ACEP Magazine edition 4th launched on 05.06.2024Rahul
This document provides information about the third edition of the magazine "Sthapatya" published by the Association of Civil Engineers (Practicing) Aurangabad. It includes messages from current and past presidents of ACEP, memories and photos from past ACEP events, information on life time achievement awards given by ACEP, and a technical article on concrete maintenance, repairs and strengthening. The document highlights activities of ACEP and provides a technical educational article for members.
Electric vehicle and photovoltaic advanced roles in enhancing the financial p...IJECEIAES
Climate change's impact on the planet forced the United Nations and governments to promote green energies and electric transportation. The deployments of photovoltaic (PV) and electric vehicle (EV) systems gained stronger momentum due to their numerous advantages over fossil fuel types. The advantages go beyond sustainability to reach financial support and stability. The work in this paper introduces the hybrid system between PV and EV to support industrial and commercial plants. This paper covers the theoretical framework of the proposed hybrid system including the required equation to complete the cost analysis when PV and EV are present. In addition, the proposed design diagram which sets the priorities and requirements of the system is presented. The proposed approach allows setup to advance their power stability, especially during power outages. The presented information supports researchers and plant owners to complete the necessary analysis while promoting the deployment of clean energy. The result of a case study that represents a dairy milk farmer supports the theoretical works and highlights its advanced benefits to existing plants. The short return on investment of the proposed approach supports the paper's novelty approach for the sustainable electrical system. In addition, the proposed system allows for an isolated power setup without the need for a transmission line which enhances the safety of the electrical network
Comparative analysis between traditional aquaponics and reconstructed aquapon...bijceesjournal
The aquaponic system of planting is a method that does not require soil usage. It is a method that only needs water, fish, lava rocks (a substitute for soil), and plants. Aquaponic systems are sustainable and environmentally friendly. Its use not only helps to plant in small spaces but also helps reduce artificial chemical use and minimizes excess water use, as aquaponics consumes 90% less water than soil-based gardening. The study applied a descriptive and experimental design to assess and compare conventional and reconstructed aquaponic methods for reproducing tomatoes. The researchers created an observation checklist to determine the significant factors of the study. The study aims to determine the significant difference between traditional aquaponics and reconstructed aquaponics systems propagating tomatoes in terms of height, weight, girth, and number of fruits. The reconstructed aquaponics system’s higher growth yield results in a much more nourished crop than the traditional aquaponics system. It is superior in its number of fruits, height, weight, and girth measurement. Moreover, the reconstructed aquaponics system is proven to eliminate all the hindrances present in the traditional aquaponics system, which are overcrowding of fish, algae growth, pest problems, contaminated water, and dead fish.
KuberTENes Birthday Bash Guadalajara - K8sGPT first impressionsVictor Morales
K8sGPT is a tool that analyzes and diagnoses Kubernetes clusters. This presentation was used to share the requirements and dependencies to deploy K8sGPT in a local environment.
Presentation of IEEE Slovenia CIS (Computational Intelligence Society) Chapte...University of Maribor
Slides from talk presenting:
Aleš Zamuda: Presentation of IEEE Slovenia CIS (Computational Intelligence Society) Chapter and Networking.
Presentation at IcETRAN 2024 session:
"Inter-Society Networking Panel GRSS/MTT-S/CIS
Panel Session: Promoting Connection and Cooperation"
IEEE Slovenia GRSS
IEEE Serbia and Montenegro MTT-S
IEEE Slovenia CIS
11TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ELECTRICAL, ELECTRONIC AND COMPUTING ENGINEERING
3-6 June 2024, Niš, Serbia